GREEN FUEL DESIGN FOR DIESEL

ENGINE, COMBUSTION, PERFORMANCE

AND EMISSION ANALYSIS

Submitted By:- Under the guidance of:-

Mihir Kumar Mohanty Dr. S.K. Senapati
Roll no:32309
Reg.No:1301105073
 CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION
DESIGNING GREEN FUEL
PREPARING THE BLEND
EXPERIMENTAL SETUP
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS
EMISSION ANANLYSIS
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
 INTRODUCTION

Green Fuels are renewable.

Relatively clean burning hence less pollution.

According to UNs FAO(Food and Agriculture Organization), India is the Third

highest producer of Cashew nut i.e. 460K ton per annum.
CNSL is easily available as a waste of cashew nut industries.

Relatively more efficient than other bio diesels.

 DESIGNING GREEN FUEL

Cashew Nut Shell Liquid(CNSL):

CNSL stands for Cashew Nut Shell Liquid.

The cashew nut shell is 3 mm thick with

honeycomb like structures in between the inner

and outer layer of the shell .
These honeycomb structures contain CNSL.

The shell constitutes 60-70% of the nut.

 Continued..
In cashew nut shell the CNSL occurs as Anarcadic
acid(90%) and Cardol (10%).

Unlike the vegetable oils or waste fried oils CNSL do

not need Transesterification.

CNSL Biodiesel is prepared by the Pyrolysis process.

Its a process in which thermochemical conversion of

the Anarcadic acid occurs in a reactor at a vacuum
pressure of 5kPa and temperature of 600 o C in the
absence of Oxygen.
 Continued..
The volatiles removed on pyrolysis are
gradually condensed from atmospheric
condition to condition in ice bath.
The decarboxylated Cardanol is called CNSL
biodiesel.
 PREPARING THE BLEND

20% CNSL biodiesel is mixed with 80% normal diesel to prepare a biodiesel blend
called B20.
For better performance two additives are added to the B20 fuel. One is Ethanol other
is Diethyl ether.
90% of B20 fuel + 10% Ethanol is called B20E10.

90% of B20 +10% diethyl ether is called B20D10.

The blend percentage of CNSL is limited to 20 due to its high viscosity ,low calorific
value.
 EXPERIMENTAL SETUP

Engine Specification:
Name: Kirloskar oil engine

Engine type : Four stroke, single cylinder, Vertical, direct injection, Air cooled Compression ignition

Engine IS rating at :1500 rpm 3.7 kW

Bore : 87.5 mm

Stroke :110 mm

Cubic capacity : 0.662 l

Nominal compression ratio: 17.5:1

Injector type :Single, 3-hole jet injector

BMEP 5.44 kg/cm2

Kirloskar A.C Generator

kVA-5 PH-1 Hz-50 Volt-240 Amps-21 RPM-1500

 Continued

Engine Setup Block diagram:

1. Test Engine

2. Generator

3. Voltmeter

4. Fuel burette

5. Fuel tank

6. Exhaust gas temp (Cr-Al Thermocouple)

7. AVL-444 Di Gas analyzer

8. AVL-437C Smoke meter

9. Control Unit
 PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS
1. Break Thermal efficiency Vs
Load:-
From the experimental observed data a
small gain percentage noticed for the
blend B20D10 over the other blend ratio
There is nearly 3% increase in BTE of
B20D10 than the diesel fuel at full load
conditions.
This may be explained due to the
increased break power at full loads.
 Continued..

2. Break specific fuel

consumption (BSFC):-
This is may be due to higher energy
required per kilowatt at higher load
than that of lower load.
At higher loads high turbulence and
high in-cylinder temperature helps in
better atomization of fuel and air fuel
mixing. Which leads to better
combustion and decreases the BSFC.
 Continued..
3. Exhaust temperature Vs
Load:-
The incomplete combustion leads
some part of combustion into the
exhaust stroke producing high
exhaust temperature.
 EMISSION ANALYSIS
1.CO% Vs Load:-
Minimum and max CO produced is .
01 and .3 %
Initially decrease till 80% load but at
full load increases sharply
Because of less time for complete
combustion.
 Continued

2. HC Vs Load:-
Lesser HC emission due to higher
oxygen content in bio diesel
leading to complete combustion.
 Continued

3. NOx Vs Load:-
In B20 increased No is due to fuel combustion
temperature, more time to reaction of oxygen
and nitrogen, oxygen content in bio diesel.
Adding Diethyl ether the NO emission
decreases.
May be due to less burning time hence less
time for reaction between oxygen and nitrogen.
For detailed reason we have to perform flame
analysis.
 Continued

4.Smoke Opacity Vs Load:-

Less smoke in biodiesel blend B20E10 than
others.
At medium load better result for b20d10 due to
presence of oxygen in bio diesel.
But with increase in load less time for complete
combustion for bio diesel hence smoke opacity
decreased.
 ADVANTAGE AND DISADVANTAGE

Advantage :-
CNSL is cheaper than other vegetable oils.
Availability is more hence its feasible replacement for diesel.
Clean burning hence eco friendly.

Disadvantage:-
It can not replace the diesel completely.
High exhaust temperature.
Production is possible only near the cashew industry.
 CONCLUSION
Some fuel properties of B20 such as cetane number, Calorific value, sulphur content, and flash point
are better than those of diesel fuel.
Diethyl ether and ethanol as additives decreases the density and the viscosity of blends.
The addition of diethyl ether and ethanol, can be a promising technique for using biodiesel/diesel
blend efficiently in diesel engines without any modifications in the engine.
Therefore Cashew nut shell liquid blends can be used in CI engines in rural area for meeting energy
requirement in various agricultural operations such as irrigation, harvesting, threshing, etc.
 REFERENCES

[1]Pushparaj. T and Ramabalan. S,(2013) Green fuel design for diesel engine, combustion, performance
and emission analysis, International Conference On DESIGN AND MANUFACTURING, IConDM
2013.Volume 64, Page: 701 709.

[2] Raghavendra Prasada .S.S (2012),.A Review on CNSL Biodiesel as an Alternative fuel for Diesel
Engine International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) .ISSN (Online): 2319-7064
THANK YOU