Informatics Theory

Information System in Healthcare

Industry
• Informatics is the science of information, the
practice of information processing, and the
engineering of information system.
• Informatics studies the structure, algorithms,
behavior, and interactions of natural and artificial
systems that store, process, access and
communicate information.
• It also develops its own conceptual and
theoretical foundations and utilizes foundations
developed in other fields.
 Information System in Healthcare
Industry
• Information system is collective term referring
to a system of data records and activities that
processes and translate the data to
information in an automated process.
• The discipline of nursing informatics is related
to the processing of data of patients records
into information which are supported by
information systems.
 Preservation of Healthcare Quality
through Nursing Informatics
• The purpose of implementing quality
healthcare is to offer expert advice and
suggest noteworthy approaches to solve
medical problems, illnesses, sickness, ailment,
disorder and complaints.
• 14th Congress of the Republic of the
Philippines, 2nd session (through the efforts of
the senate) - introduced the implementation
of Health Information Technology (HIT).
 Preservation of Healthcare Quality
through Nursing Informatics
• Article 8, Section 11 of the 1987 Constitution
provides that states:
• “the State shall adopt an integrated and
comprehensive approach to health
development which shall endeavor to make
essential goods, health and other social
services available to all the people.”
 Preservation of Healthcare Quality
through Nursing Informatics
• Nursing Informatics will help make patients
aware of what they are really getting and
enables them to make decisions that reflect
their requirements and their ideals.
• Information would enable consumers to
identify coverage, healthcare givers, and
medical practices that best suit their personal
needs.
 Health Informatics Paradigm Shift
• Information influences people to change their
activities such as the proper way of eating
balanced foods.
• Information creates pressure for the hospital
management to change the scheme of pricing
the hospital services and implement new
strategies which focus more on the healthcare
service rather than business.
 Health Informatics Paradigm Shift
• Information is a crucial component of a long-
term strategy to harness the power of
technology to inform the patients and clients.
• To make a certain project a reality, one must
take a risk, which undergoes extensive
conceiving and planning, which clearly
emphasize for healthcare information system
be started immediately in the Philippines.
Health Informatics Paradigm Shift

• Commencing the project

1

• Collecting and analyzing the data

2

• Translate Data into Information (with

3 statistical processes)

Stage 1
Health Informatics Paradigm Shift

4
•Dissemination of Information

5
•Support from the client

6
•Project Evaluation

Stage 2
 Knowledge
Defining √ Rules
Component of √ Relationship
Nursing √ Ideas

Informatics Information
√ Formatted
• Data √ Filtered
• Information √ Manipulated

• Knowledge Data
√ Facts
√ Images
√ Sound
 Data
• It simply exists and has no significance beyond its
existence. It can exist in any form, usable or not.
It does not have meaning of itself.
• Information, often in the form of facts or figures
obtained from experiments or surveys, used as
basis for making calculations or drawing
conclusions
• Information, for example, numbers, text, images,
and sounds, in a form that is suitable for storage
in or processing by a computer
 Information
• It is a data that has been given meaning by
way of relational connection. This “meaning”
can be useful, but does not have to be.
• In computer parlance, a relational database
makes information from the data stored
within it.
 Knowledge
• It is the appropriate collection of information,
such that it’s intent is to be useful.
• Knowledge is a deterministic process.
• When someone “memorizes” information,
then, they have amassed knowledge, this
knowledge has useful meaning to them.
• In computer parlance, most of the
applications used (modeling, simulation, etc.)
exercise some type of stored knowledge.
Converting Data into Information
• Patient data, medical records and nursing
documents becomes information when it is
applied to some purpose and adds value for
the recipient.
• Collecting data is expensive and to merit the
effort, you need to be very clear about why
you need it and how you plan to use it.
 Converting Data into Information
Patients Data and Medical Records
Systolic and Diastolic Readings
Body Temperature
Body Mass Index, Bone Mass Density, Present complex data as a chart or
etc.
Drug Dose Requirement
Cost of hospitalization, laboratory
records, patient mapping
Nurses Schedules, Healthcare
Management
Accident records
Possible Methods of Converting Data
into Information
Plot charts, create tables and identify
trends
Find average, typical readings and
variances
graph
Monitor changes over time and
forecast future values
Compare figures, identify similarities
and prepare trending
Assess whether a result is significant
or occurred by chance
Assess whether one thing is related to
another
Converting Information to Knowledge

• The tremendous amount of information that is

translated is only useful if it can be applied to
create knowledge that is significant to the
nurse and the healthcare giver.
• Building and managing knowledge is one of
the greatest challenges that have to establish.
• Information on its own will not create a
knowledge-based system but as a guide in the
decision making.
 Characteristics of Data Quality

Are frequently described in terms of:

• Data Relevancy
• Completeness
• Accuracy
• Precision
• Accessibility
• Timeliness
 Data Relevancy
• Data are meaningful to the performance of
the process or application for which they are
collected.
Primary Relevant Data Items

Name
Age
Sex
Secondary Relevant Data
Items Irrelevant Data Items
Occupation
Hobbies
Health Habits
Favorite color
Environment
Organization
 Legality of Data Collection
• Data items should be easily obtainable or legal
to collect such as weight, height, temperature,
systolic and diastolic reading.
• The data can be converted or translated to
information and eventually to knowledge or
can be coupled to other discipline to
concretize the knowledge.
 Legality of Data Collection
Data
Height
Weight

Information System
Information System

Knowledge
Information
Drug Dosage Requirement
Body Surface Area (BSA)
 Data Comprehensiveness

• All the data items required should be

included.
• The data collection scheme should anticipate
future data needs; as such flexibility of data is
essentials.
 Data Comprehensiveness
• All the data items required should be
included.
• The data collection scheme should anticipate
future data needs; as such flexibility of data is
essentials.

Data Appropriateness
• Data attributes and their values should be
defined at the correct level of details
 Data Timeliness

• Data gathering has to be done on real-time so

that immediate preparedness will be applied
to unaffected areas or community and proper
response from the healthcare provider are
provided instantaneously.
 Data Consistencies and Data Uniqueness

• There should be no overlapping entities, the

values should be the same and consistent
within the hospital and clinic department and
outside the hospital.
• The data should also be consistent to the
other health institutions, regulatory and policy
makers, schools and universities, health
agency, etc.