ANATOMICAL BASIS OF

MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS
Erial Bahar
 Neuromuscular Disorders
• Involving one or more of the followings:
1. Bones
2. Cartilages
3. Joints
4. Skeletal muscles
5. Peripheral nerves
• Symptoms and signs in form of:
1. Pain
2. Movement dysfunctions
3. Deformities
 VINDICATE-P
Cause of Any Given Disorders
• Vascular,
• Inflammatory/infectious,
• Neoplastic,
• Degenerative,
• Intoxication/toxic,
• Congenital,
• Allergic/autoimmune,
• Traumatic,
• Endocrine/metabolic,
• Psychosomatic
 Musculoskeletal Problems and Rheumatic Diseases,
Affected Tissues, and Patterns of Involvement
• Periarticular (soft tissue problems): • Nerve:
– bursitis and tendonitis – radiculopathy
– ligamentous sprain and muscular – entrapment
strain – neuroarthropathy
– fibromyalgia – complex regional pain syndromes
• Articular (synovial and cartilagenous • Extraarticular
joints): – (systemic connective tissue
– osteoarthritis diseases):
– rheumatoid arthritis – systemic lupus erythematosus
– spondyloarthritis – antiphospholipid (anticardiolipin)
antibody syndrome
– crystalline arthritis
– Sjogren’s Syndrome
– infectious arthritis
– polymyalgia rheumatica
• Bone: – systemic vasculitis
– trauma – inflammatory myopathy
– osteoporosis – sclerodermatous diseases (skin
– avascular necrosis and fascia)
– infection
– tumor
Shoulder girdle seen from above
Movements at the elbow
joint.
Pronation and supination
additionally involve the distal
radioulnar joint
Bony pelvis in right anterior view (After Schwegler)
Right hip bone (innominate bone, os coxae) in lateral view
Right half of pelvis, internal view (sagittal section). The angle of pelvic inclination
between the plane of the pelvic inlet and the horizontal is about 60° in the erect
posture. (After Faller)
Female and male pelvis.
Female pubic angle = 90°;
male pubic angle = 70°. (After Schwegler)
Angle of the neck of the femur (collodiaphyseal angle).
Collodiaphyseal angle in the adult (a), in a 3-year old child (b), and
in the elderly (c). (After Frick)
Simplified tracing of a lateral radiograph of the knee joint
Components of the knee joint, anterior (a) and posterior (b) views
Simplified tracing of a radiographic image of a plantar-flexed foot
in lateral view
Longitudinal and transverse arches of the right foot
a Skeleton of foot from above, with superimposed footprint
b Skeleton of foot with bones of the lower leg, medioposterior view
Right hip joint. Coronal section
Right hip joint. Ligaments: anterior view
Right hip joint. Ligaments: posterior view.
Mobility of the hip joint
Sagittal section of knee joint
Ligaments of the right knee joint
Anterior view (patella and patellar ligament are reflected
downward)
Ligaments of the right knee joint
Posterior view
Ligaments of the right knee joint
Superior articular surface of the tibia seen from above (the
femur has been removed and the ligaments transsected)
Ankle joint and talocalcaneonavicular joint (blue lines)
Lateral view
Ankle joint and talocalcaneonavicular joint (blue lines)
Anterior view & Posterior view
Movements of the ankle and talocalcaneonavicular joints
a Ankle joint (free leg)
b Ankle joint (fixed leg)
c Talocalcaneonavicular joint
Muscles of the neck, ventral view
(the platysma and fasciae of the neck and on the left side the muscles of the shoulder
girdle have been removed)
Horizontal section of the neck at the level of the thyroid gland
(the various fasciae of the neck are marked in color)
Lateral view of adult skull
Skull of a newborn seen from above
Simplified tracing of a lateral radiograph of the skull
Skull seen from below (external surface of base of skull).
The mandible has been removed
Internal surface of base of skull (on the left side the structures covering
the bone have been removed).
A Anterior; B middle, and C posterior cranial fossa
Lateral view (a) and coronal section (left side only) (b) of the muscles of
mastication (highlighted in red)
Overview of the muscles of facial expression
(superficial muscles colored light, deep musckes dark)
Anatomy of the temporomandibular joint. (After Faller)
Synovial Joint Structure
Range of Motion