Chapter 1

Intro to IMO and other Maritime

Governing Bodies

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 Chapter Objectives
At the end of the chapter the participants will
be able to know and understand ;
 the role of the different International
governing organization in the maritime
industry;
 the International Maritime Organizations
requirements for all stakeholders in the
maritime industry to ensure maritime
safety and the prevention of the marine
environment.

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 The International Maritime
Organization (IMO)
 The IMO is a United Nations agency based in
London and includes representatives from 168 Full
Members and 3 Associate Members from major
maritime nations including the United States sets
standards and adopts regulations that apply to all
vessels that operate internationally.
 It is recognized as an efficient and successful
international body responsible for the
development of treaties and conventions
governing every aspect of maritime operations.

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 History of the IMO
 Historically, maritime shipping has been recognized
as an international business governed by
international treaties and agreements.
 By the 1930s, the international maritime community
had already adopted a number of international
agreements on marine safety.
 Many leading maritime nations, however, believed
that there was a need for a more permanent body to
develop and oversee implementation of uniform
rules and regulations governing the shipping
industry.

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 History of the IMO
With these goals in mind, a conference held by the
United Nations in 1948 adopted a convention calling
for establishment of the first ever international body
devoted exclusively to maritime matters - the
International Maritime Organization (IMO).
The governing body is the Assembly which consists
of all Member States, approves work programs, vote
the budget, determines IMO's financial arrangements,
elected a Council comprising 32 Member
Governments who is responsible for supervising the
work of the organization including the appointment of
the IMO Secretary General.

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 The International Maritime
Organization (IMO) (2)
Purpose
 To promote cooperation of the regulation
and practice the highest standards of safety
and navigation.
 The prevention and control of the marine
environment.

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 The International Maritime
Organization (IMO) (3)
Function
 Develop treaties and other legislations
concerning safety an pollution prevention.
 Keep legislation up to date and ratified by the
majority of the member states.
 Ensure that convention and treaties are
properly implemented.

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 IMO’s Sub-Committees
1. Safety of Navigation
2. Ship Design and Equipment
3. Standards of Training Certification and
Watch keeping
4. Fire Protection
5. Stability and Load Lines
6. Communication
7. Search and Rescue
8. Flag State Implementation.
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 What Does the IMO Do?
The IMO implements major conventions that regulates all
aspects of commercial vessel’s safety design, crewing,
and operation. The purposes of the Organization, as
summarized by Article 1(a) of the Convention, are:
1. to provide machinery for cooperation among
Governments in the field of governmental regulation
and practices relating to technical matters of all kinds
affecting shipping engaged in international trade;
2. to encourage and facilitate the general adoption of the
highest practicable standards in matters concerning
maritime safety, efficiency of navigation and
prevention and control of marine pollution from
ships".

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 Regulations Adopted by IMO
 new version of the International Convention for
the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) - the most
important of all treaties dealing with maritime
safety (1959)
 international collision regulations
 global standards for seafarers
 international conventions codes relating to
search and rescue, the facilitation of
international maritime traffic, load lines, the
carriage of dangerous goods and tonnage
measurement.
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 Technical Annexes
ANNEX I – Regulations for the Prevention of Pollution
by Oil - enforced October 2, 1983
ANNEX II – Regulation for the Control of Pollution by
Noxious Liquid Substances carried in bulk – enforced
April 6, 1987
ANNEX III – Regulations for the Preventions of Harmful
Substances carried in Packaged Forms – enforced July
1, 1992
ANNEX IV – Regulations for the Preventions of
Pollution by Sewage – not yet enforced/optional
ANNEX V – Regulation for the Preventions of Pollution
by Garbage – enforced December 31, 1998

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 The role of the U.S. Coast Guard at
IMO
The U.S. Coast Guard is the United States representative
to the IMO for a number of committees and
subcommittees. As such, they are responsible for
presenting the U.S. position on various maritime safety
matters for consideration by the IMO committees and
subcommittees.
The Coast Guard is considered one of the leading
experts on maritime safety and has been responsible for
the implementation of numerous IMO Conventions,
including the recently adopted fire safety amendments to
SOLAS, MARPOL Convention, STCW and ISM Code.

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 The IMO requirements
for vessel safety
1. standards for ship design and construction
2. stability
3. fire protection
4. lifesaving
5. communications
6. navigation
7. safety management
8. certification
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 SOLAS Fire Safety
Improvements
These amendments, which apply to both new
and existing passenger vessels, are:
1. require vessels to upgrade fire protection
and lifesaving equipment
2. install low-level lighting, smoke detectors
and automatic sprinkler system.

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 IMO requirements
for crew training
In 1995, the international shipping industry adopted
sweeping amendments to the STCW Convention.
These changes establish requirements for basic safety
training for all crew members, and advanced training
requirements for crew members with assigned safety
or pollution prevention duties.
The STCW amendments also specify minimum
standards for crew competence and set criteria for
evaluation of crew training by the flag administration.
In addition, the STCW amendments provide for IMO
oversight of flag state implementation requirements
that went into effect on February 1, 1997.

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 IMO Requirements for the
Prevention of Marine Pollution
The MARPOL Convention - sets strict regulatory
guidelines for the protection of the marine environment.
Regulations covering the various sources of ship-
generated pollution are contained in five (5) annexes of
the Convention. The annexes that govern cruise industry
operations set standards to prevent pollution by oil,
garbage and waste.
All CLIA member lines have embraced the principles set
forth in this international Convention and have
comprehensive environmental programs in place, which
deal with onboard procedures and practices to eliminate
ship-generated pollution.

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 SOLAS History
SOLAS means the Safety of Life at Sea. It is a
convention that laid down the requirements of
passenger vessels to upgrade the regulations of the
safety of life at sea.

The first SOLAS convention was adopted in 1914 two

years after the Titanic mishap.
Four other SOLAS convention passed since 1914,
which entered into force in 1965.

The current is SOLAS Convention of 1974.

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 STCW Convention

International Convention on Standards of

Training, Certification and Watch keeping for
Seafarers.

STCW Code Book

 Section A – Mandatory
 Section B – Recommended Guidance

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 What is STCW 78?
STCW stands for the International
Convention on Standards of Training,
Certification, and Watchkeeping for Seafarers
ratified in 1978.
 Entered into force 1984
 Ratified by most governments 1992
 Revised Convention signed 1995

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 Why the STCW Convention was
Revised?
The 1978 STCW – the principal international
treaty regulating seafarer’s training,
certification and watchkeeping arrangements,
formed the basis of national standards
worldwide.
The 1978 STCW Convention reflected the
highest practicable standards which could be
globally agreed at the time of its adoption.

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 Why the Revision?
 Casualties / human factor
 Lack of competence
 Changes in crew supply
 Varying education and training systems
 Good principles but not specific
 Insufficient backing for the authorities’
implement and control

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