Presented by:

Ummi Farikhah (180210103046)

Laily Nur Amaliah (180210103065)
Anggy Umaila Fateh Sahdike (180210103067)
Nur Asri (180210103076)
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General Characteristic
 Mostly aquatic, free-living or parasitic.
 Usually small, even microscopic, some reach a metter
or more in length.
 Body slender, vermiform, unsegmented, flat or
cylindrical, bilaterally symmetrical and tripoblastic.
 Organ system grade of body organization.
 Head not distincly formed with well-defined sense
organs.
 Body wall with a syncytial or celluler epidermis,
externally covered with thick cuticle of scleroprotein.
 Cilia absent except anterior cilia of rotifers.
 Musculature includes mostly longitudinal fibres.

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 Body cavitym a pseudocoel not lined by mesoderm.
 Digestive canal complete with mouth, specialized pharynx,
straight non-muscular intstine and respiratory system.
 No circulatory and respiratory systems.
 Excretory system of proonephridia (in some) and canals.
Cloaca present in some.
 Nervus system of cerebral ganglia, or of circumenteric
nerve ring with anterior and Poterior nerves.
 Mostly diocious. Male usually smaller than female. Gonads
and ducts single or double. Eggs with chitnous shell.
Cleavage determinate and spiral.
 Development usually direct with no larva stages, or ndirect
with a complicated life history.

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Superphylum Aschelminthes:
-Phylum Rotifera
-Phylum Gastroticha
-Phylum Kinorhyncha
-Phylum Nematomorpha
-Phlum Nematoda

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Characteristics
 Microscopic animal found in ponds, lakes and streams.
Rarely in oceans.
 Body wall thickened into stiff plates or lorica into
which head may retreat.
 Anterior end with ciliary disc or corona (wheel organ),
used for feeding and locomotion.
 post-anal tail or with two toes and adhesive glands fot
attachment.
 Body musculature includes longitudinal and transvese
muscle bands and strands.

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 Digestive system with a grinding organ, mastax, lined
interenally by strong cuticle.
 Excrtory system of protonephridia and two
protonephridial tubes which empty into a bladder.
 Nervous system of three major ganglia and nerves.
 Sensory organs antennae and eye spots.
 Males smaller than females. Parthenogenesis common.
No larva stage.
 Examples : Philodina, Asplanchna, Rotaria, Epiphanes
(Hydatina)

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Philodina

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Philodina

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Characteristic
 Microscopic, marine or freshwater.
 Body wall with cuticle bearing short, curved, dorsal
spines.
 Corona absent cilia on ventral surface for locomotion.
 Posterior end forked and with adhesive tubes and
glands for attachment.
 Body musculature includes six pairs of longitudinal
muscle.
 Mouth surrounded by bristles, pharynx triradiate and
muscular.

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 Exretory system with two protonrphridia,
 Nervous system with a saddle-shaped ganglion and
two lateral nerves.
 Dioecious or monoecious. Freshwater females
parthegenetic.
 Development direct. Young and adult alike.
 Example : Chaetonotus, Macrodasys

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Chaetonotus

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Characteristic
 marine, microscopic animal.
 Superficial segmentation of body into 13 or 14
overlapping rings (zonites).
 Body surface with spiny cuticle but no cilia.
 Mouth cone or head protrusible and covered with
scalids.
 A pair of adhesive tubes in front part of the ventral
surface.

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 Pseudocoel with fluid containing amoebocytes.
 A nerve ring with ventral cord with a ganglion in eah
zonite. Eyespots in some.
 Digestive system complete, with salivary galnds.
 Dioecious, gonads as a pair of tubular sacs, penial
spicules in males.
 Fertilizatio internal, metamorphosis with several larva
stages.
 Example : Echinoderes, Phycnophys

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Echinoderes sp.

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Characteristic
 Hair worms, found in fresh water, one genus
(Nectonema) marine.
 Bod long, slender and cylindrical.
 Cuticle thick bearing small papillae. Epidermis
celluler, single layered.
 Digestive system complete in larva but degenerates in
non-feedng adults. Cloaca present.
 Pseudocoel mostly filled with parenchyma.

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 Nious. gonads o circulatory, respiratory and excretory
system.
 Nervous system with a circumenteric nerve rig a mid
ventral nerve cord.
 Dioecious. Gonads and gonoducts paired. Oviducts
also open into cloaca.
 Juveniles parasitic in grasshoppers, crickets and other
insects.
 Example : Gordius, Paragordius, Nectonema

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 Paragordius

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Characteristic
 Aquatic, terrestrial or parasitic roundworms.
 Body clongated, cylindrical and unsegmented.
 Body wall with thick citicle, cellluer or syncytial
epidermis and longtudinal muscle cells in four bands.
 No cilia, circulatory and respiratory systems.
 Digestive system complete with muscular pharynx and
glans.
 Excretory system of glandular organs, canals or both.

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 Nervous system with circumenteneric ring and
anterior and posterior nerves. Sense organs simple.
 Dioecious. Male with penial spicules and smaller than
female. Gonads one or two. Male genitial ducts lead
into cloaca, female genital duct with a separate
opening.
 Fertilization internal. Development usually direct. No
asexual reproduction or regeneration
 Examples : Ascaris, Necator, Wuchereria, Trichinella,
Enterobius, etc.

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 Ascaris

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