All the world’s a stage,

And all the men and women merely players:

They have their exits and entrances, And one man in his
time plays many parts . .
-William Shakespeare
Here are the pictures of Bethany and Caleb. Each one is a
bundle of possibilities. Describe what they were before
birth(their point of origin) and who they will possibly become?
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
The pattern of Movement or change
that begins at conception and
continues through life span.

Development includes growth and

decline. This means that
development can be positive or
negative(Santrock, 2002)
SOME MAJOR PRINCIPLES OF
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT

1. Development is relatively
orderly

- Proximodistal Pattern
- Cephalo-caudal Pattern
Proximodistal
Pattern
- the muscular control
of the trunk and the
arms comes earlier as
compared to the
hands and fingers.
Cephalo-caudal
Pattern
-During infancy, the
greatest growth always
occur at the top – the
head- with physical
growth in size, weight and
future differentiation
gradually working it’s way
from top to bottom.
2. While the pattern of development is
likely to be similar, the outcomes of
development processes and the rate of
development are likely to vary among
individuals.

3. Development takes place gradually

4. Development as process is complex

because it is the product of Biological,
Cognitive and Socio emotional
processes(Santrock, 2002)
 Biological Process - Involve changes in the
individual’s physical nature.
 Cognitive Process – involve changes in the
individual’s thought, intelligence, and
language.
 Socioemotional Process – include
changes in the individual’s relationships with
other people, changes in emotions, and
changes in personality.

THESE PROCESS ARE INEXTRICABLY

INTERTWINED
TWO APPROACHES TO HUMAN
DEVELOPMENT
1. Traditional Approach
- Extensive change from birth to
adolescence, little or no change in
adulthood and decline in late old
age.
2. Life – Span Approach
- Believes that even in adulthood
developmental change takes place
as it does during adulthood.
 CHARACTERISTIC OF LIFE-
SPAN APPROACH
1. Development is lifelong –It does not
end in adulthood. No developmental stage
dominates development.
2. Development is multidimensional –
Development consists of biological,
cognitive, and socio-emotional dimensions.
3. Development is plastic – Development
is possible throughout the life-span.
4. Development is contextual –
Individuals are changing beings in a
changing world.

5. Development involves growth,

maintenance and regulation –
The goals of individuals vary among
developmental stages. For instance, as
individuals reach middle and later
adulthood, concern with growth gets
into the back stage while maintenance
and regulation take the center stage
 PRINCIPLES OF CHILD
DEVELOPMENT AND LEARNING
THAT INFORM PRACTICE
Below are the principles of child
development and learning which are the
bases of developmentally appropriate
practice(DAP) in early childhood program
for children from birth through age 8,
which are stated in the position paper of
the National Association for the Education
of Young Children(2009)
1. All the domains of development and learning
physical social and emotional, and cognitive
are important and they are closely
interrelated.
2. Many aspects of children’s learning and
development follow well documented
sequences, with later abilities, skills and
knowledge building on those already acquired.
3. Development and learning proceed at varying
rates from child to child, as well as at uneven
rates across different areas of child’s individual
functioning.
4. Development and learning result from
a dynamic and continuous interaction of
biological maturation and experience.
5. Early experiences have profound
effects, both cumulative and delayed, on
a child’s development and learning: and
optimal periods exist for certain types
of development and learning to occur.
6. Development proceeds toward greater
complexity, self-regulation, and symbolic
or representational capacities.
7. Children develop best when they have secure,
consistent, relationships with, responsive
adults and opportunities for positive
relationships with peers.
8. Development and learning occur in and are
influenced by multiple social and cultural
contexts.
9. Always mentally active in seeking to
understand the worlds around them, children
learn in a variety of ways: a wide range of
teaching strategies and interactions are
effective ion supporting all these kinds of
learning.
10. Play is an important vehicle for developing
self regulation as well as for promoting
languages, cognition, and social competence.
11. Development and learning advance when
children are challenged to achieve at a level
just beyond their current mastery, and also
when they have many opportunities to
practice newly acquired skills.
12. Children’s experiences shape their
motivation and approaches to learning, such
as persistence, initiative and flexibility.
END OF DISCUSSION

Reporters:
Gabuco, Irene
Lim, Charie Fei
Marquilencia, Shiena Marie