References

WHAT IS NFPA?
• The National Fire Protection Association

• An American Non-Profit Organization

• Writes & Publishes Standards for Fire Protection

• Including the National Electric Code

• Accepted & Adopted Around the World
NFPA Code and Standards for Water-
3

Based Fire Protection System

• NFPA 22 - Standard for Water Tanks for Private Fire Protection
• NFPA 20 - Standard for the Installation of Stationary Pumps for
Fire Protection
• NFPA 24 - Standard for the Installation of Private Fire Service
Mains and Their Appurtenances
• NFPA 14 - Standard for the Installation of Standpipe and Hose
Systems
• NFPA 13 - Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems
• NFPA 16 - Standard for the Installation of Foam-Water
Sprinkler and Foam Water Spray
4
NFPA Code and Standards for Waterless Fire
Protection / Suppression System

• NFPA 2001- Standard on Clean Agent Fire Extinguishing

Systems
• NFPA 12 - Standard on Carbon Dioxide Extinguishing Systems
• NFPA 17 - Standard for Dry Chemical Extinguishing Systems
• NFPA 17A - Standard for Wet Chemical Extinguishing Systems
• NFPA 2010 - Standard for Fixed Aerosol Fire-Extinguishing
System
NFPA Code and Standards for Fire Detection, Alarm
5

and Signaling System

• NFPA 72® - National Fire Alarm Code®

• NFPA 70 - National Electrical Code®

• NFPA 70E - Standard for Electrical Safety in the

Workplace
6

NFPA Code and Standards for Special Hazards

• NFPA® 850 - Recommended Practice for Fire Protection for
Electric Generating Plants and High Voltage Direct Current
Converter Stations
• NFPA 851- Recommended Practice for Fire Protection for
Hydroelectric Generating Plants
• NFPA 803: - Standard for Fire Protection for Light Water
Nuclear Power Plants
• NFPA 805 - Performance-Based Standard for Fire Protection for
Light Water Reactor Electric Generating Plants
• NFPA 214 - Standard on Water-Cooling Towers
7

References
 RA 9514 – The New Fire
Code of the Philippines

 PSME Code - 2012

Philippine Mechanical
Engineering Code
8

References
 FM – Factory Mutual

 UL - Underwriter’s Laboratories
WHAT IS UL ?
9

• Founded in 1894, Underwriters Laboratories Inc. (UL) is

chartered as a not for profit, independent organization, testing
for public safety.

• It maintains and operates laboratories for the examination and

testing of devices, systems and materials to determine their
relation to life, fire, casualty hazards and crime prevention.
 WHAT IS FM ?
10

• Factory Mutual is a testing laboratory much like

UL. The exception is that Factory Mutual is also
an insuring body as well as a testing body.
Standards, Approvals and Listings

U.S EPA SNAP approved as alternative to halon in occupied spaces

ISO 14520 Standard on Gaseous Media Fire Extinguishing Systems

VdS Approved LPCB Approved IMO Recognized

CNPP Approved DNV Approved

Lloyds Approved

Bureau Veritas Approved

12
13
What is Fire?
Fire is the rapid oxidation of a material in
the exothermic chemical process of combustion,
releasing heat, light, and various
reaction products.
14
TRIANGLE OF FIRE
 Fire Tetrahedron
15
16

Fire Tetrahedron
 The fire tetrahedron represents the addition of a
component, the chemical chain reaction.

 Once a fire has started, the resulting exothermic

chain reaction sustains the fire and allows it to
continue until or unless at least one of the elements
of the fire is blocked.

 In the same way, as soon as one of the four

elements of the tetrahedron is removed,
combustion stops.
17

METHOD OF FIRE EXTINGUISHMENT

1. Removal or dilution of air or oxygen to a point

where combustion ceases.

2. Removal of fuel to a point where there is nothing

to burn.

3. Cooling of fuel to a point where combustible

vapors are no longer evolved.
18

Classification of Fire
 Classification of Fire
Fire class is a term used to denote the type of fire, in
relation to the combustion materials which have (or could
be) ignited. This has onward impacts on the type of
suppression or extinguishing materials which can be
used. Class letters are often assigned to the different types
of fire, but these differ between territories. There are
separate standards in the United States, Europe, and
Australia.
20

Class A
Fires in ordinary combustible materials, such as
wood, cloth, paper, rubber, and many plastics.
21

Class B
Fires in flammable liquids, combustible
liquids, petroleum greases, tars, oils, oil-
based paints, solvents, lacquers, alcohols,
and flammable gases.
22

Class C
Fires that involve energized
electrical equipment.
24

Class K
Fires in cooking appliances that involve
combustible cooking media (vegetable or
animal oils and fats).
 Classification of Fire
EUROPE (EUROPEAN UNITED
IMAGE DESCRIPTION ASIA SUITABLE SUPPRESSION
STANDARD) STATES

COMBUSTIBLE MATERIALS (WOOD,

CLASS A CLASS A CLASS A MOST SUPPRESSION TECHNIQUES
PAPER, FABRIC, REFUSE)

INHIBITING CHEMICAL CHAIN

FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS CLASS B CLASS B CLASS B REACTION, SUCH AS DRY CHEMICAL
OR HALON
INHIBITING CHEMICAL CHAIN
FLAMMABLE GLASES CLASS C CLASS B CLASS C REACTION, SUCH AS DRY CHEMICAL
OR HALON

FLAMMABLE METALS CLASS D CLASS D CLASS D SPECIALIST SUPPRESSION REQUIRED

AS ORDINARY COMBUSTIBLES, BUT

NOT CLASSIFIED
ELECTRIC FIRE CLASS C CLASS E CONDUCTIVE AGENT LIKE WATER
(FORMERLY CLASS E)
NOT TO BE USED

SUPPRESSION BY REMOVAL OF
COOKING OILS AND FATS CLASS F CLASS K CLASS F
OXYGEN OR WATER MIST
Classification of Fire
Classification of Fire
Classification of Fire
Basic of Fire Protection
System
Type of Fire Protection System
All the elements for basic fire protection can be broken down
into two categories:

1. Passive Fire Protection System

2. Active Fire Protection System

Both rely on good design and installation techniques to

provide the appropriate level of protection each system is
expected to provide
Type of Fire Protection System
1. Passive Fire Protection System

 Compartmentalize the fire room or space to control the fire

spread.
 Type of Fire Protection System
1. Passive Fire Protection System
Compartmentalization in structures, such as land-based buildings,
traffic tunnels, ships, aerospace vehicles, or submarines, is the fundamental basis
and aim of passive fire protection.

The idea is to divide a structure into "fire compartments", which may contain single
or multiple rooms, for the purpose of limiting the spread of fire, smoke and flue
gases, in order to enable the three goals of fire protection:

1. Life safety
2. Property protection
3. Continuity of operations
Type of Fire Protection System
1. Passive Fire Protection System
 Provide structural integrity on floor, wall, and ceiling
assemblies during a fire for a specified time period.
Type of Fire Protection System
1. Passive Fire Protection System
 Provide exiting systems for occupants to evacuate the building
safely.
Type of Fire Protection System
1. Passive Fire Protection System
 Type of Fire Protection System
2. Active Fire Protection System
 System that take direct physical action to reduce the growth rate of fire or
the migration of smoke.

 Intended to extinguish or control the fire.

 Type of Active Fire Protection System

Water-Based Fire Clean Agent Fire Wet/Dry Chemical Fire

Protection System Extinguishing System
Suppression System
1. Fire Pump
System
2. Fire Hydrant
System
3. Sprinkler
System
4. Stand Pipe
System