WATER POLLUTION

Engr. Siddartha B. Valle

 Water Hardness
• due to presence of multivalent cations of
Magnesium Mg2+, Iron Fe3+, Manganese
Mn2+, Calcium Ca2+

Effects of Hardness
• Causes soap scum and water spots
• Causes scaling in swamp coolers, cooling
towers, boilers and pipes
 Nutrients (Nitrogen and
Phosphorous)
• problem when they become excessive
(eutrophication)

• Sources can be phosporous based

reagents, fertilizers and food-processing
wastes
 Metals
• can be either beneficial or harmful,
depending on chemical properties
• some metals needed in trace amounts as
nutrients
• high concentration can cause health
problems, such as
– Nerve damage
– Kidney damage
– Birth defects
 Pathogenic Organisms
• include bacteria, viruses and protozoa
excreted by diseased persons and animals

• shellfish can concentrate pathogenic

organisms in their tissues
 Pathogenic Organisms
• illnesses from wastewater-related sources
include gastroenteritis , hepatitis A,
typhoid, polio, cholera, and dysentery

• Coliform group used as indicator organism

 WATER QUALITY STANDARDS
Surface waters standards (DAO 34): establish the
desirable quality in flowing and impounded waters

Effluent standards (DAO 35):

• specify the quality to be achieved in treatment of
municipal and industrial wastewater

Drinking water standards:

• established for the protection of public health