The Third

Republic
Proclaimed
 MANUEL A. ROXAS

In April 23’s election of the year 1946, Roxas become the first President of the third
republic and also of the Commonwealth.
 Harry S. Truman, U.S President, proclaimed the date of July 4, 1946 as the
Philippines Independence Day.
 For 2 years, Roxas stayed in the office after taking the oath of becoming the
President of the third republic of the Philippines but later on died on April 15,
1948 at Clark Air Base, Pampanga, which was after he delivered a speech
about him promising to the United States that in case of another war, Filipino
cooperation will be at hand.
ELPIDIO R. QUIRINO

 After Roxas, Elpidio was next in line and was left with Roxas administration to
face the Hukbalahap problem.
 Quirino being an economist, focused his programs to Agricultural
productivity and industrialization.
 By setting up the Central Bank of the Philippines, he stabilized the Philippine
currency.
 Magna Carta of Labor and Minimum Wage Law was signed by him into law.
 Neighboring countries got have the chance to have diplomatic and trade
relations with us through Quirino.
 THE
HUKBALAHAP
PROBLEM
 The Hukbalahap (short for HUKBO NG BAYAN LABAN SA HAPON) is
the military arm of the Communist Party of the Philippines, formed
in 1942 to fight the Japanese Empire’s occupation in the
Philippines during World War II.
 Pedro Abad Santos, and the Lava brothers: Vicente, Jose, and
Jesus. They were the intellectuals that led the peasants.
 Their Supremo was Luis Taruc.
 The Huks ( short for the members of the Hukbalahap) won many
skirmishes with the enemy and made Central Luzon practically
independent of the Japanese.
 The Huks got so powerful that even the greediest landlords around
Central Luzon feared them. They succeeded in winning battled
and getting new firearms to be used against the Japanese.
 Roxas declared them a band of outlaws because he cant win
them over to his side.
Pedro Abad Santos Luis Taruc
Quirino tried to win the Huks to the governments side
again using his brother, a former judge, Antonio
Quirino, to come up with an agreement with the
organization.

Luis Taruc asked for the following:

 Scrapping of the Bell Trade Act;
 No trade with Japan;
 Redistribution of large estates to the peasants/tenants;
 Release of all Huk prisoners;
 Industrialization; and
 Removal of U.S bases in the country.
 As a result of the Taruc-Quirino meetings, President Quirino
proclaimed amnesty to all Huks and the PKM members.
 The Huks, promised to surrender their arms to the government
authorities.
 Judge Quirino, denied ever agreeing to implement Taruc’s
demands.
 The amnesty failed and the peace that reigned in Central
Luzon, known as Huklandia, lasted for a short duration.
 The government accused the Huks of not surrendering all their
arms, while the Huks accused the government of bad faith.
 The campaign against the Huks was renewed and Central
Luzon once more become a war zone.