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HOME FURNISHING

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 What are Home Furnishing?
• Home furnishings refer to the different kinds
of linen, furniture, fittings, flooring and the
bundle of other accessories used for
decorating and beautifying our homes. It
includes a wide range of bedspreads ,
furnishing fabrics, curtains, rugs, carpets,
placemats, cushion covers, table covers, bed
spreads, bath linen and much more.

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 Planning of Home Furnishing
• Creativity-ability to produce new ideas or
things using skill and imagination
• Art-Creating unique effect of charm in a house
by reflecting refined and cultured taste of the
members
• Good taste-Set up the home pleasant ,
agreeable, excelling , interesting , satisfying to
ones own needs

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Elements and Principles of Design
Elements Principles
• Line Balance
• Form Proportion
• Texture Emphasis
• Pattern Rhythm
• Light Harmony
• Space
• Color
To achieve Beauty + Expressiveness +Functionalism

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 Objective of Home Furnishing
• Beauty: It is the art of adjusting the space and equipments
to suit the fundamental and cultural needs of the family
and create a pleasant atmosphere. An awareness of good
design and beauty is an integral part of the individual.
• Expressiveness: the quality which differentiates one home
from another. It reflects markedly the very personality of
the occupants.
• Functionalism: To provide comfort , service and pleasure
apart from furniture and furnishing.
• Furniture must be arranged that it meets the needs as
eating , sleeping , studying, relaxing of the family. No areas
should be uncomfortable or uninviting ,nor bits and pieces
lying around making movement difficult.
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 Selection of Fabrics
• Style
• Color
• Durability
• Thread Count
• Fade Resisting
• Tailoring
• Form and Fibre.
• Fiber Characteristics
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 Fabric Finishes
• Durable and permanent press: little or no ironing , wrinkle free, holds oil
stains unless specially treated.
• Soil release: Fabric is more easily wetted to facilitate detergent action while
washing. Does not prevent stain.
• Water Repellent: Fabric repels water and water based stains.
• Soil and stain repellent: repels water and oil based stain
• Crease wrinkle resistant: Wrinkles less than normal – cotton, linen, rayon
• Shrinkage control: Fabric shrinkage limited to 1 % ,2% . Does nor guarantee
No Shrinkage.
• Flame retardant: ignited fabric will self extinguish when source of flame is
removed.
• Fabric grades: Ranges from A on the less expensive end, to F on the pricy
side. Grade vary from one manufacturer to another. Depends on fibre , weave,
construction and performance characteristics.
• Grade should not be an indication of quality and durability.

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 Carpet
• Gives expensive look
• Quality depends on:
• How it is made …
• Fibre
• Quality of fibre used.
• Density of pile

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 Types of Carpets
Woven carpets: Best quality – weaving
method. Piles and woven are woven together.
Backing is of jute and polypropylene yarn and pile
of wool, rayon, nylon.
Tufted carpets : The tufts are needled into
polypropylene sheet. The tufts are locked in to
place with latex – foam or jute . If foam is used
underlying is not used . Available in plain and
pattern.
Bonded carpets: neither woven nor tufted. Material
is glued /heat fused. Made from hand made
fibres – flat, corded or velvet pile in appearance.
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 Carpets
Factors to be considered while selecting a carpet:
• Selecting the right carpet for the right area is very important.
• You need to check out the quality of the carpet.
• Budget is also an important issue. So, you should do proper
research on the carpets and compare the prices.
• Maintenance factor should also be considered while selecting a
carpet. A beautiful and stylish carpet can really add some
elegance to your house thereby increasing its aesthetic value.
• You can give a fresh look to the décor of your house by placing
an attractive carpet.
• The color of the carpet is a crucial issue. You need to select it
wisely. It should match well with the color coding of the interior.
• Carpet comes in different colors, designs, patterns, shapes and
sizes. You need to choose the one that is compatible with the
décor of your house.

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 Materials of Carpets
• Wool: has excellent durability, can be dyed easily and is
fairly abundant
• Nylon: Nylon is the most common material, printed
easily and has excellent wear characteristics. Nylon
tends to stain easily because it possesses dye sites on
the fibre.
• Polyster: good physical properties and is inherently
stain-resistant because it is hydrophobic
• Polyproplene: is used to produce carpet yarns because
it is inexpensive. Locked into place with latex then
foam and jute sheet. Called Tufted Carpets
• Acrylic:Acrylic is fairly difficult to dye but is colourfast,
washable and has the feel and appearance of wool
making it an ideal rug fabric.
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 Care of Carpets
• Carpets should be daily cleaned using vacuum
cleaners. Brooms should be used as well to get
rid of hair (esp. pet hair, if you have cats or any
other pets at home).
• Wash your carpets once annually or bi-annually
at laundry facilities. You may choose to call a
specialized company to get an indoor cleaning
for your carpet.
• If the carpet gets stained with juice or any
other similar substance, it should be washed
immediately, with no delay, as such stains are
harder to remove if left unwashed.
• Small carpets must be placed at the entrance of
the house as this helps keeping dustIII away.
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 Carpet - Terms

• Rug- A single piece of floor covering made

with a pattern or a border with fringe.
• Area rug- Smaller rug used to emphasize an
area.
• Scatter rug- Very small rug used to
complement room .
• Wall to wall carpet- difficult to clean as it is
difficult to shift, traffic lanes appear.
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 Upholstery Fabric
• Upholstery fabric might seem pretty obvious
such as selecting a color, the single biggest factor in
fabric selection.
• Choose a fabric based on who will be using your sofa. If
your pets will also be sharing your sofa with you,
consider a microfiber fabric or leather as they can
withstand heavy use.
• Consider fabric durability if your sofa will be placed in a
high-traffic area of the home.
• Woven patterns hold up longer than printed ones, as
do higher thread counts. Should be rust proof.
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 Choice of fabric
• Principles of design
• Personal and family use
• Cost
• Weaving
• Utility
• Beauty
• Comfortable- stain proof
• Colour
• Wear and tear
• Durability
• Quality
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 Pictures
• Select the picture in proportion to size of wall ,large
picture for large wall and small picture for small walls
• Leave sufficient empty space around the picture
• Hang all pictures with the bottom edge in one line.
Irregular hung picture looks unattractive
• Pictures to be often placed over a sofa,table or fire
place.
• Smaller pictures can be grouped together for greater
impact.
• Hung pictures in pleasing proportion to furnishings and
walls –create sense of balance and unity in interiors

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 Curtains
Curtains and draperies are chameleons. They work hard
at blocking light and sound, heat and cold. They're also
extraordinarily decorative and add enormous personality
to a room.
Drapes are pleated and are more formal.
Curtains are informal and it can be easily made.
Both can make the window more appealing with
extended flows of fabric.
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 Curtains and Draperies
• It changes the apparent size , shape and character
of a room or the architectural awkwardness
• Small rooms look larger if curtains and draperies
blend with and extend the length of walls
• Low rooms look higher if draperies go from ceiling
to floor.
• Drapes and curtains control privacy ,light , heat
and noise.
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 Functions of Curtains and Draperies
• Help in maintaining privacy
• Control heat and light inside the room
• Absorbs and smoothen noise
• Add beauty to the room
• Help modify shape and size of the room
• Curtains hide architectural faults of the room
• Brings coziness to the room

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 Curtains
• They are light weight, lined fabric that filters and diffuses
light
• They are used alone or under drapery ,close to the window.
• Draw curtains: Transparent and opaque –mounted on
traverse rods
• Drapes: loosely hung fabrics. They are heavy ,opaque that
can be drawn or stand idly at the sides of windows.
• Glass curtains : Thin transparent fabrics which hang next to
glass
• Cornice: Rigid horizontal bands of several inches wide
placed on window top to conceal curtain tops and rods
from which they are hung

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 Cornices, Valance , Ropes and Cords
• Cornices: Horizontal bands several inches wide
placed at the window top to hide curtain tops
• Valance: Gathered or pleated or piece of
straight fabric stiffened with buckram .Used to
hide from view an ugly top part of windows.
• Ropes and Cords or Beads- Used where
curtains and draperies are not used .Hung
closely very near to one another as a
substitute.
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 Non drawing curtains
These cannot be drawn like fabric curtains. These are of
following types:

 Roller blinds
 venetian blinds

 Shades

 wooden shutters

 Screen fabric on wooden frame

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 Curtain style
• Material used for curtains should be strong ,
durable and flexible
• Denim is strong and durable while gingham is
informal
• Satin hangs in soft folds and dressy when
woven of smooth silk
• Dark colored curtains stand out against light
colored wall
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 Factors that affect selection of fabric
• Texture color and pattern of the fabric
• Laundry qualities of fabric
• Cost
• Sunlight
• Durability of the fabric
• Ability to retain the shape on constant
hanging after dry cleaning
• Resistance to insect attack

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 Fabrics available in market
• Brocade-
• Damask
• Gabardine
• Gingham
• Plastic
• Satin
• Taffeta
• Velvet
• Organdy
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 LOOSE COVERS

 Loose covers are detachable / removable covers

fitted over upholstered chairs, stools, and sofa.
They give a clean fresh look to the room but needs
maintenance.
 They are used to protect the original fixed
upholstery.
 They are tailored or fixed under chair. They are
fastened by hooks and eyes, zip, touch and loose
fasteners.

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 CUSHIONS

 They are used to increase the comfort of chair or sofa.

They come in various shapes, size, and are filled with
down, kapok, foam, plastic, cotton. The shapes can be
rectangle, square, cylinder.

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 BLANKETS
 Blankets provide warmth in bed. Often white/ pale/
light coloured blankets are used.
 Top/ edges/ border are often binded. They have
good insulation, ease of cleaning, and non
inflammable. They are made of wool, synthetic
material or mixtures or cotton.
 Cotton blankets are used in hospitals.

 Take precaution against moths and rodents. Repair

ends immediately.  Synthetic-acrylic/ nylon

 woolen  Are warm light in weight

 Are attacked by moth  Have low moisture

 Are warm /
absorbency
inflammable  Can be laundered/ washed

 Have to be dry-cleaned
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 BEDSPREAD
 They are used to cover bed during day. They are
removed during night/ evening service, folded
 and put away. Their colour and pattern must suit the
décor of the room and match / contrast the
 colour of curtain and carpet

 They may be fitted on bed or it can be of throw over

type. They may have frills/ pleats to within
 an inch of the floor. Materials like satin, velvet,
tapestry, candlewick are used to make bedspreads.

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RUNNER The purpose of the bed runner is to
protect the sheets. So that when you lie on the bed
with your shoes on, the shoes would not dirty the
sheets.