EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION
Noted the colour of the White Presence of
salt Cu2+,Ni2+,Fe2+,Fe3+,Co2+,Mn2+

Odour: Take a pinch of Vinegar like smell Presence of acetate

salt between the fingers
and rub it with a drop of
water and note the smell
Solubility: To a little of Soluble
the salt add
Cold water and shake

Hot water and shake

Cold dil. HCl & shake
Flame test: Make a paste Brick red flame Presence of Ca2+
of the salt with Conc. HCl.
Take a part of the paste
at the tip of a pointed
pencil & show it to a non
-luminous flame

Ash test: To a few drops No Blue ash Absence of Al3+

of salt solution add one or
two drops of conc.HNO3 &
a few drops of dil. Cobalt No Green ash Absence of Zn2+
nitrate solution.
Boil for two minutes. Dip
a filter paper into the
solution and burn it to No Pink ash Absence of Mn2+
ash

INDICATORY TEST FOR ANIONS(All tests compulsory)

Dil. HCl test To a pinch of
the salt in a dry test tube
add dil. HCl
1.No brisk 1.absence of carbonate
effervescence with the
evolution of a colorless
odorless gas
2.No colorless gas with 2. absence of sulphite
pungent smell which

Conc.H2SO4test: To a
pinch of salt in a test tube
add a few drops of
Conc.H2SO4 and warm
Paper ball test: To a pinch
of salt in a test tube add
a few drops of
Conc.H2SO4 and paper
ball & warm
Dil.H2SO4test: To a pinch
of salt in hand add a few
drops of dil.H2SO4& rub
well with fingers & note
the smell
BaCl2 test: To a few ml of
the salt solution add dil
HCl & a few drops of
BaCl2 solution.
Ammonium Molybdate
test: To 1ml of salt
solution add conc. HNO3
then ammonium
molybdate & warm
turns acid K2Cr2O7
solution green 3. absence of sulphide
3.No colourless gas
with the smell of
rotten egg smell which
turns lead acetate
solution black 4. absence of nitrite
4.No reddish brown
gas turning FeSO4
solution black
1.No colourless gas 1.absence of chloride
evolved which turns
dense white when a
glass rod dipped in
ammonia is shown at
the mouth if the test
tube 2. absence of bromide
2.No light yellow gas
with pungent smell
turns starch paper 3. absence of iodide
yellow
3.No deep violet
vapours which turns
starch paper blue
No reddish brown gas absence of nitrate
evolved
Gas with smell of Presence of acetate
vinegar CH3COONa + H2SO4 → NaHSO4 + CH3COOH
No white ppt insoluble absence of sulphate
in mineral acids
No deep yellow ppt absence of phosphate
 CONFIRMATORY TEST FOR ANIONS

Confirmation for Acetate

1. Ferric Chloride Test: Take water Reddish colored Presence of acetate confirmed
extract of the salt. Add neutral filtrate. 2CH3COONa+FeCl3→(CH3COO)3Fe
+3NaCl
ferric chloride solution. Filter and
divide the filtrate into 2 parts.
1) To 1 part add (CH3COO)3Fe+ 2 H2O →

dil. HCl Reddish color (CH3COO)(OH)2Fe+2CH3COOH

2) To second part add water and disappears.
boil. Reddish brown
precipitate.

Group TEST & confirmatory test FOR CATIONS

1)To the solid salt add sodium No colourless gas Group O absent(NH4+)
hydroxide and warm with the smell of
ammonia which
turns dense white
when a glass rod
dipped in dil: HCl is
shown at the mouth
of the test tube

2)To the salt solution add dil: HCl No white crystalline Group I absent(Pb2+)
ppt

3) To the salt solution add dil: HCl No black ppt Group II absent(Pb2+,
and pass H2S Cu2+ )

4)To the salt solution add solid No white gelatinous absence of Al3+
NH4Cl and excess of NH4OH ppt GroupIII absent

No red gelatinous absence of Fe3+

ppt

5) To the salt solution add solid GrIV absent

NH4Cl and excess of NH4OH and No black ppt absence ofCo2+ or Ni2+
pass H2S No buff coloured absence ofMn2+
ppt absence of Zn2+
No dirty white ppt
6)To the salt solution add solid White ppt Presence of
NH4Cl and excess of NH4OH and GrV(Ba2+,Sr2+,Ca2+)
(NH4)2CO3

Conformation for (Ca2+)

a) To the salt solution add 1-2ml White crystalline ppt Presence of Ca2+confirmed
of Ammonium oxalate
solution.Add to it a little
ammonium hydroxide and
scratch the sides with a glass
rod Brick red flame Presence of Ca2+confirmed
b) Make a paste of the salt with
Conc. HCl. Take a part of the
paste at the tip of a pointed
pencil & show it to a non -
luminous flame

The given salt contains acetate as anion and calcium as

cation.Therefore the given salt is calcium acetate