STATISTIK DESKRIPTIF

Bab 2 dan 3
Pengantar Statistika
Walpole

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 STATISTIK DESKRIPTIF
Statistik yang mempelajari bagaimana data
disajikan dan diringkas.

 MENYAJIKAN DATA
 MERINGKAS DATA

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MERINGKAS DATA

UNTUK DATA KATAGORIK

TABEL FREKUENSI

COLLEGE

Cumulative
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Percent
Valid agriculture 143 18.8 18.8 18.8
arts and sciences 102 13.4 13.4 32.2
business administration 147 19.3 19.3 51.4
education 160 21.0 21.0 72.4
engineering 210 27.6 27.6 100.0
Total 762 100.0 100.0

ARTIKAN TABEL DI ATAS 3

PIE CHART

agriculture
18.8%
engineering
27.6%

arts and sciences

13.4%

education
21.0% business administrat
19.3%

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 agriculture engineering

engineering 18.8% 8.1% agriculture

27.6% education 19.0%

11.1%

arts and sciences

13.4%

business administrat

education 26.1%
arts and sciences
21.0% business administrat
35.6%
19.3%

2000 2005

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BAR CHART

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TABULASI SILANG UNTUK 2 VARIABEL KATAGORIK
Rokok * Hipertensi Crosstabulation

Hipertens i
ya tidak Total
Rokok bukan perokok Count 21 48 69
% within Rokok 30.4% 69.6% 100.0%
% within Hipertens i 23.9% 58.5% 40.6%
% of Total 12.4% 28.2% 40.6%
perokok s edang Count 36 16 52
% within Rokok 69.2% 30.8% 100.0%
% within Hipertens i 40.9% 19.5% 30.6%
% of Total 21.2% 9.4% 30.6%
perokok berat Count 31 18 49
% within Rokok 63.3% 36.7% 100.0%
% within Hipertens i 35.2% 22.0% 28.8%
% of Total 18.2% 10.6% 28.8%
Total Count 88 82 170
% within Rokok 51.8% 48.2% 100.0%
% within Hipertens i 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
% of Total 51.8% 48.2% 100.0% 7
PENYAJIAN DATA KONTINU
HISTOGRAM

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FREQUENCY HISTOGRAM

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FREQUENCY HISTOGRAM
DENGAN 10 INTERVALS

FREQUENCY HISTOGRAM
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DENGAN 5 INTERVALS
SAT score between verbal and math score 11
INCOME 12
STEM-AND-LEAF PLOT

Stem-and-leaf plot is a clever, simple device for

constructing a histogram like picture of a frequency
distribution.
• show the range of score
• where the score are concentrated
• the shape of the distribution
• extreme score
• etc

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DATA “CRIME”
crime Stem-and-Leaf Plot

Frequency Stem & Leaf

2.00 1 . 89
6.00 2 . 126999
9.00 3 . 345577899
13.00 4 . 1234466688999
18.00 5 . 000122355666667778
16.00 6 . 0022233446788899
11.00 7 . 00112333557
12.00 8 . 000111456778
3.00 9 . 227

Stem width: 100.00

Each leaf: 1 case(s) 14
Data berikut menyatakan kandungan timah dalam makanan
setelah dididihkan dalam bejana terbuka selama 30 menit

DATA (mg/kg)
57 55 56 56 55 56 55 51 56
58 60 48 32 46 58 56 51 50

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MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCY
MODE
Mode of a set of measurements is defined to be
the measurement that occurs most often (with
the highest frequency)

Weight data (in pounds)

962 1005 1033 980 965
963 989 955 1015 1000
1042 1005 995 1030 970

MODUS = 1005 18
MEDIAN
The median of a set of measurements is defined to be the
middle value when the measurements are arranged from
lowest to highest
SAT score :
95 86 78 90 62 73 89 92 84 76

Arranged SAT score

62 73 76 78 84 86 89 90 92 95

Median = (84 + 86) / 2 = 85

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ARITHMATIC MEAN OR MEAN

Mean of a set of measurements is defined to be the sum of

the measurements divided by the total number of
measurements
µ is mean of population

X is mean of a sample
Find mean for grouped data !!!!

MEAN IS SUBJECT TO DISTORTION DUE TO THE PRESENCE OF

ONE OR MORE EXTREME VALUES IN THE SET OF MEASUREMENTS

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UKURAN PENYEBARAN DATA

• Ukuran pemusatan data tidak berarti jika

tidak disertai ukuran penyebaran data
• Perlu diketahui bagaimana data menyebar
sekitar ukuran pemusatan

• Jika ukuran penyebaran data kecil berarti

data terletak di sekitar pusat dan pusat dapat
mewakili data dengan baik
Jika ukuran penyebaran data besar berarti
data terletak jauh dari pusat dan pusat
tersebut kurang mewakili data 21
So far, you have learned about mean, median, and mode. These are
essential items in statistics, but they are by no means the only important
statistical measures.

There is a joke that goes, "If a statistician had her hair on fire and her
feet in a block of ice, she would say that 'on the average' she felt good."
Of course, this is a silly example, but to what is this unfortunate
statistician referring? What is she ignoring?

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 The NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE O'HARE AIRPORT (Chicago, IL)
reported the following temperature information for June 15, 1996.

Temperature Information for Chicago (in degrees Fahrenheit)

Mean Temperature 71/ 22

High Temperature 84/ 29
Low Temperature 57/ 14

Knowing this information, how would you dress for the day? 71 degrees is a fairly
comfortable mean temperature, but 57 can be a little on the chilly side and 84 is a
little warm. So, can you see how it is important to know more than just the mean of
a data set?
On this day, there was a range of 27 degrees Fahrenheit. The highest point was 84
and the lowest was 57. Thus, the range is found by subtracting 57 from 84.
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MEASURES OF VARIABILITY
RANGE
Range of a set of measurements is defined to be the difference
between the largest and the smallest measurements of the set
For grouped data, because we do not know the individual
measurements, the range is taken to be the difference between the
upper limit of the last interval and the lower limit of the first interval.

17 18 21 25 31 45 50 Range = 33
17 17 17 17 17 17 50 Range = 33
17 50 50 50 50 50 50 Range = 33

RANGE DOESN’T CARE WITH THE DETAIL OF THE

DATA. IT DEPEND ONLY ON THE LARGEST AND THE
SMALLEST OF THE DATA 24
VARIANSI DAN STANDAR DEVIASI
Variansi data sampel (biasanya diberi simbol S2)
memperhitungkan simpangan setiap data dari
meannya
 X X
n
2
i
S2  1
n 1

Standar deviasi data sampel (S) adalah akar

dari variansi

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COEFFICIENT OF VARIATION
Coefficient of variation measures the variability in the
values in a population relative to the magnitude of the
population mean.

CV = |  |

CV measures degree of variability.

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INTERQUARTILE RANGE
Interquartile Range (diberi notasi dq) memperhitungkan
penyebaran bagian tengah dari data
dq  q A  qB
qA dan qB adalah kuartil atas dan kuartil bawah
Kuartil adalah nilai-nilai yang membagi kelompok data
yang sudah diurut menjadi empat bagian sama banyak
CATATAN:
Jika ukuran pusat adalah mean maka ukuran penyebaran yang
digunakan adalah S dan range
Jika ukuran pusat adalah median maka ukuran penyebaran yang
digunakan adalah range dan interquartile range 27
EXTREME MEASUREMENT ( OUTLIERS)
We can find an extreme measurement as follow :
•Count 1 step = 1.5 dq = 1.5 (q A  qB )
• Outliers are measurements that greater than qA + 1 step or
measurements smaller than qB – 1 step

1 step 1 step
qB qA
Median

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OPEN “BOX-PLOT” DATA

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CONTOH SOAL

Data di bawah ini menyatakan hasil penelitian yang mencatat tentang : Warna
endapan yang terjadi dan berat endapan tersebut. Penelitian dilakukan sebanyak
10 kali.
No Warna Berat
1 Putih 3.45
2 Putih 3.11
Buatlah deskripsi dari data
3 - 2.11 warna endapan dan berat
4 - 3.21 endapan di atas dan berilah
penjelasan
5 Hitam 2.00
6 Hitam 2.01 Penelitian 3 dan 4 tidak
7 Hitam 1.52 dicantumkan data warna
endapan (missing)
8 Hitam 1.99
9 Putih 3.54
10 Hitam 1.28

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DESKRIPSI DATA WARNA ENDAPAN

• 3 dari 10 percobaan (30%) menghasilkan endapan putih

5 dari 10 percobaan (50%) menghasilkan endapan hitam
2 percobaan (20%) tidak mencantumkan warna endapan

• Jika data missing dianggap tidak memberikan informasi apa-apa, maka

yang dipakai adalah valid percent nya.
• 37.5% percobaan menghasilkan endapan warna putih
• 62.5% percobaan menghasilkan endapan warna hitam
Dapat disimpulkan bahwa percobaan semacam ini lebih besar
kemungkinan menghasilkan endapan warna hitam.
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DESKRIPSI DATA BERAT ENDAPAN

• Berat endapan berkisar 1.52 s/d 3.54 gram

• Rata-rata berat endapan adalah 2.552 gram
• CV = S/ Mean * 100% = 0.72283/ 2.552 * 100% = 28.32%
• Variasi data wajar, tidak terlalu bervariasi dan tidak terlalu homogen.
Sehingga mean dapat digunakan untuk mewakili data

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