Dance

WHAT
IS
DANCE
BY MIKOKIT -[ F I L ]- SLIDE 1
-[
Danc e ]-
The movement of the body in a

rhythmic way, usually to music and
within a given space, for the
purpose of expressing an idea or
emotion, releasing energy, or
simply taking delight in the
movement itself.
TYPES
OF
DANCE
AND ITS ORIGINS
Ballroom Dance
Ballroom dance is a set of partner
dances, which are enjoyed both
socially and competitively around the
world. Because of its performance and
entertainment aspects, ballroom dance
is also widely enjoyed on stage, film,
and television. Ballroom
dance may refer, at its widest
definition, to almost any type of
partner dancing as recreation.
H I S T O R Y O F
Ballroom Dance
The term 'ballroom dancing' is derived from
the word ball which in turn originates from the
Latin word ballare which means 'to dance‘.
The definition of ballroom dance also

depends on
the era: Balls have featured popular dances of
the day
such as the Minuet, Quadrille, Polonaise,
Polka,
Mazurka, and others, which
BY MIKOKIT -[ are
F I now
L ]- SLIDE 5
Early Modern Period
The first authoritative knowledge of the earlie

ballroom dances was recorded toward the end of
16th century, when Jehan Tabourot, under the p
name
"Thoinot-Arbeau", published in 1588 his
Orchésographie, a study of late 16th-century Fre
renaissance social dance.
Early Modern Period
For Arbeau, dancing was part of

tradition handed down from antiquity. He says
“the noun dance comes from the verb to dance,
which in
atin is called saltare. To dance is to jump, to hop,
to skip,
to sway, to stamp, to tiptoe, and to employ the
feet, hands
and body in certain rhythmic movements.”
Early Modern Period
In 1650 the Minuet,

originally
a peasant dance of Poitou,
was introduced into Paris
and set to music by Jean-
Baptiste Lully and danced
by
the King Louis XIV in public.
The Minuet dominated the
Jean-Baptiste Lully ballroom
BY MIKOKIT from- [ that
F time
I L until
]- the King Louis XIV
SLIDE 8
19th century
The waltz with its modern hold took root in England

in about 1812; in 1819 Carl Maria von Weber wrote
Invitation to the Dance, which marked the adoption
of the
waltz form into the sphere of absolute music. The
dance
was initially met with tremendous opposition due to
the
semblance of impropriety associated with the closed
hold,
though the stance gradually
BY MIKOKIT -[ Fsoftened.
I L ]- S L I D E 10
BY MIKOKIT -[ F I L ]- S L I D E 11
19th century
In the 1840s several new dances made their appearance in
the ballroom, including the polka, mazurka, and the
Schottische. In the meantime a strong
tendency emerged to drop all 'decorative' steps such as
entrechats and ronds de jambes that had found a place in the
The dance was first introduced into the ballrooms of
Polka
Quadrilles and other dances.
Prague in 1835. The name of the dance (pulka) is
Czech for "half-step", referring to the rapid shift from
one foot to the other.
Mazurka, a fairly complicated dance to waltz music,
included hops, sliding steps, and kicking the
hottische
heels together.
was a German folk dance that consisted of a
series of chassés and hops done to 2/4 and
4/4 music.
Early 20th century
Modern ballroom dance has its roots early in the 20th
century, when several different things happened more or less a
the same time. The first was a movement away from the
sequence dances towards dances where the couples moved
independently.
This had been pre-figured by the waltz, which
had already made this transition. The second was
a
wave of popular music, such as jazz. Since dance
is to
a large extent tied to music, this led to a burst of
newly invented dances. There were many dance
crazes in the period 1910–1930.
Types of Ballroom Dance
International Style
The International Style is the “English” form of partner
dancing. This style is typically learned after you have a base
knowledge of the American Style. It most often is used
competitively, but many people enjoy dancing this style
socially as well. Style has two categories: Standard – which
International
includes the Waltz, Tango, Foxtrot, Quickstep, and Viennese
Waltz, and Latin– which includes Cha Cha, Rumba, Samba, Jive,
and Paso Doble.
Types of Ballroom Dance
AMERICAN Style
American Style is the most popular and common style to
dance socially. However it is a great style for competitive
dancing as well.American Style has two categories: Smooth -
which includes the Waltz, Tango, Foxtrot, Viennese Waltz and
Rhythm - which includes all the other dances such as Cha Cha,
Rumba, Swing, Mambo and Bolero
Philippine Ballroom Dance
Filipinos have always been copious followers of the American
colonizers, since the turn of the century. For centuries before
then, our folks danced for every occasion depicting, celebrating,
commemorating life’s special moments: a birth, a christening,
introduction to adulthood, a wedding, the winning of a war,
festivals of nature. With the coming of the Spanish to our shores,
the dancing did not stop; it only took a different form. From
Europe were introduced the Court dances such as the Waltz, the
Mazurka, the Polka, and various forms of quadrilles which
became standard dances in all social occasions of the privileged
BY MIKOKIT -[
class.
F I L ]- S L I D E 16

Ms. Francisca Reyes-Tolentino, National Artist for
1973 records these dances in her book Philippine
National Dances, which
includes old-time Philippine ballroom dances as
the Los Bailes de Ayer, Chotis, Inkoy-Inkoy, Lubi-
Lubi, Pasakat, Polka Sala, Redoba and
Upon the entry of the Americans before the end
the Rigodon.
of the 19th century, the differences in the dances
of the folk and the upper classes almost ceased to
exist. Education was so widespread that almost
everyone was exposed to the new music and
dances, Western culture. Children learned, sang
and danced American rhymes
BY MIKOKIT -[ F and
I L tunes.
]- S L I D E 17

Not surprisingly, the younger generation had also acquired
the taste for the newer ballroom dances -- the Tango, the
Foxtrot, the Charleston, the Quickstep.
Centuries of subjugation by Western colonizers had taken its
toll. Filipinos had tended to simply follow instead of lead. The
nation’s independent spirit was almost squelched. Dances were
merely copied, instead of developed.
Much later, practically every one in the growing towns and
cities were jitterbugging and dancing just like the Americans
were on the continent.
Many local music bands rose to popularity as they
played the modern Western music. Dancers gained
prominence through their suave style and complicated
footwork. One of these groups was The Big 4,
composed of Chito Feliciano, Tito Garcia, Louie Ysmael,
and Archie Lacson. All of them, except for the late Chito
Feliciano, continue to lay claim to being one of the best
dancers in the country.
During the past decade, ballroom dancing has seen
a strong almost unexplainable following among Filipinos.
Practically everyone dances ballroom, or has at least
tried it out.
Today, the ballroom dance scene is replete with new variation
only one
would see here. Visiting Westerners sometimes cannot even
recognize the dances that their own people developed.
But then that’s the beauty of dance. It is not constant and
static. Dance is alive,
as long as it is being danced and innovated upon.
Filipinos may not have invented the popular ballroom
dances, but we surely are contributing our major share in the
development of these same dances, by injecting
our own spirit and soul into each one of them.
By continuously doing
BY MIKOKIT -[ so,
F I we
L are
] - contributing to the world’
S L I D E 20
Ballroom Dance Attire
Ballroom Dance Attire
Tap dance
Style of dance in which a dancer wearing shoe
fitted
with heel and toe taps sounds out audible beats
rhythmically striking the floor or any other hard
HISTORY
surface.
Tap originated in the United States through th
fusion
of several ethnic percussive dances, primarily
African tribal
dances and Scottish, Irish, and English clog
dances, hornpipes,
and jigs. Until the last few decades of the 20th
F I L
BY MIKOKIT
century,- [it was believed
]-
that African slaves and
S L I D E 23
Tap dance
In the late 20th century, however,
researchers
suggested that tap instead was nurtured in su
HISTORY urban environments as the Five Points District

New York City,
where a variety of ethnic groups lived side by
side under
crowded conditions and in constant contact w
the
distinctly urban rhythms and syncopations of
F I L
BY MIKOKIT
the machine
-[ ]- S L I D E 24
Tap dance
Tap dance
1. Shuffle The shuffle is one of the first tap dance steps
you should learn.
It’s a combination of two moves that are even
2. Ball change more Inbasic:
tap, the brush
there are and the different
several
shift your weight from one foot to the
strike. ways to
other, but the ball change

. Step-heel and heel-step is by far the most common
These two steps are the
of one another, and when you perform them in a
opposite
pair of tap shoes, they each produce two very
4. Single buffalo
BY MIKOKIT
distinct sounds.The pickup is a stylized way to transitio
between
-[ F I L
steps.
]- S L I D E 26
Tap dance
attire
The pickup is a stylized way to transition between steps.
The dress code in most tap classes is casual. Sometimes
dance studios will expect specific dancewear but in many
cases even street clothes are acceptable. If you are aren’t
sure which level of casual is cool, you can’t go wrong with
a comfortable, but form-fitting, top and a pair of jazz
pants. Pant legs should never be so long or baggy they get
Whether you need character shoes or a pair of oxfords,
caught under your heel.
be sure to do your homework and invest in a good pair of
tap shoes, especially if you know you are into tap
dancing for the long haul. If your first tap dance class is
just a trial run, a less expensive
BY MIKOKIT -[ F I L pair
] - will do! S L I D E 27
Tap dance
attire
PHILIPPINE FOLKDANCE
A folk dance is developed by people that reflect the life of the
people of a certain country or region. Not all ethnic dances are
folk dances.
EN DOES FOLKDANCE STARTED?
The term "folk dance" is sometimes applied to dances of
historical importance in European culture and history; typically
originating before the 20th century.
Dances are usually held at folk dance gatherings or social
functions by people with little or no professional training, often to
traditional music. Dances not generally designed for public
performance or the stage, -though
BY MIKOKIT [ F I
they
L
may later be arranged
]- S L I D E 29
and set for stage performances.

ORIGIN OF FOLKDANCING
Cultural dances came into being with a social
function, weaving recreation into celebrations
and important agricultural events. While many
groups perform folk dances onstage today, the
genesis of folk dancing right up through the
middle of the 20th century was non-performative
for the most part.
Although exotic dancing became popular in
Europe during the late 1800s and early 1900s,
the artists who performed folk dances from their
own culture on stages
-[ F
inI
Paris
L
and
]-
London had
BY MIKOKIT S L I D E 30
removed the social aspect from the genre
History of
PHILIPPINE FOLKDANCES
Pre-Colonial
Before the recorded history of the Philippines, before
the Spanish conquistadors conquered and Christianized
the populace, from the earliest occupation of this volcanic
archipelago, the people danced. They danced to appease
the gods, to curry favor from powerful spirits, to celebrate
a hunt or harvest, to mimic the exotic life forms around
them. They danced their stories and their shamanic
rituals, their rites of passage
BY MIKOKIT -[ F Iand
L their
]-
remembered S L I D E 31
The Legendary Mother o
Francisca Reyes-Aquino
On March 9, 1899, Francisca Reyes-Aquino, the
country's pioneer researcher on traditional Philippine folk
dances and music and known as the mother Philippine
folk dancing, was born in Lolomboy, Bocaue, Bulacan.
In 1927, Dr. Jorge Bocobo; then UP president, sent her

to the provinces to research on folk songs and dances. As
a result, the university was able to exhibit Philippine
dances at the Philippine
BY MIKOKIT -[
Carnival
F I L
Auditorium.
]- S L I D E 32
The Philippines has many popular folk dances which have

evolved and changed as they have been passed down
from generation to generation. Although a particular
dance might be performed slightly differently from one
region to the next, its remains true to its roots.
The Itik-Itik The Tinikling
Pandanggo sa Ilaw Pantomina
The Cariñosa The Singkil
The Magkasuyo The Surtido
The bicol folkdances
Jazz dance
Jazz dance is an umbrella term

that can refer to several related
dance styles. All of them are
connected via common roots,
namely tap, ballet, jazz music,
and African-American rhythms
and dance.
History ofJazz dance
Jazz dance originated from the African American vernacular
dance of
the late 1800s to the mid-1900s. An early popular "jazz dance
was vaudeville
star Joe Frisco in the 1910s. He danced in a loose-limbed style
close to the
ground while juggling his derby, hat and cigar.
Until the middle of 1950s, the term "jazz dance" often
referred to tap
dance, because tap dancing (set to jazz music) was the main
performance dance
of the era. During the -later
BY MIKOKIT [ F jazz
I L age,
]- popular forms of jazz
S L I D E 40
History ofJazz dance
Today, jazz dance is present in many different venues and
different
forms. Jazz dance thrives in dance schools and remains an
essential part of
musical theater choreography; it is sometimes interwoven wit
other dance
Technique
styles as appropriate
Technique for thefor
is the foundation particular
all danceshow. Jazz dancing
movement. A can
be seentechnical
strong in some foundation enables a dancer to focus on
music
the videos,
stylistic andand even a number
performance aspects of Las Vegas Center
of dance. showgirls are
jazz dancers.
control is important in jazz technique. The body's center is
the focal point from which all movement emanates, thus
making it possible to maintain
BY MIKOKIT -[ F I
balance
L ]-
while executing
S L I D E 41
Learning Basic Jazz Dance Steps
Teachers may have different opinions of what makes up
the elementary curriculum for jazz dancers, but there are a
few steps that are always part of the repertoire. These
steps are basics for all jazz dancers, and they remain an
important series of steps to continue working on to perfect
your technique, even as you go on to learn new steps.
Jazz Square
This iconic move consists of a few basic walking steps,
but done in a particular order:
1. Step forward on the right or left foot
2. Cross the other foot over the first foot
3. Step back with the first foot
4. Bring the feet side by side.
A jazz square is often done with some attitude in the
upper body, accenting the motion. Jazz squares can be
executed in groupings of two or more, repeated on the
same side.
Isolations
One of the key skills for any jazz dancer is to be able to
move parts of the body individually. For hands and other
extremities this is pretty easy, but to master jazz you need
to be able to isolate the chest and hips as well, and this is
almost always a part of any jazz dance warm-up.
To isolate your hips as an exercise, follow these steps:
• Loosen your knees
• Extend your arms out to the sides
• Holding your chest and your legs as still as possible,
swing your hips from side to side
It's easiest to learn isolations in front of a mirror so that
any movements you make with the rest of your body can
be corrected immediately
BY MIKOKIT -[ FasI soon
L as
]- you see them. S L I D E 44
Jazz Clothes
Chassé
Drawing from the ballet tradition, the chassé is literally a "cha
step:
1. Step one foot forward (or to the side)
2. Bring up the second foot behind the first foot
3. As you bring up the second foot to join the first one, imm
step
off the foot to create a skipping movement across the floor Yo
Jazzcan
step Layout
takeThis
on aisvariety
anotherofclassic
different looks
move, andbased on the
is often speed
used in with w
execute
posters and images to convey some of the excitement of
it.jazz
Accent theThis
dance. stepdramatic
with yourmove
armsistoperformed
create artistry
by: for this m
Jazz Clothes
A straight kick high up in the air
Simultaneously doing an extreme back bend, head arched
arms extended. This iconic jazz step requires excellent balan
flexibility
when done in this extreme manner. Simpler versions involve
back
bend without any sort of kick.
Jazz Walk
This step is where the improvisation element of jazz shine
One of the defining features of jazz, both in music and move
room for individual expression. Every dancer's jazz walk is d
you
-[ F I L ]-
learn increasing numbers of jazz steps and your technique im
Jazz Clothes
When dressing for a jazz dance class, you need

clothing that allows you to move. Jazz classes are casual
and relaxed, but a dancer's body lines need to be visible
—so baggy clothes are generally discouraged. Tights and
leotards are fine, but most jazz dancers prefer to wear
jazz or dance pants. These pants are usually boot-cut or
flared styles, as tight leg bottoms restrict ankle
movement. Tops usually worn for jazz include form-fitting
tank tops, T-shirts, or leotards. Check with your teacher
before buying jazz shoes, as many class instructors have
preferences.
Jazz Clothes
CONTEMPORARY DANCE
A combination of several Dance Genres -is a
style of expressive dance that combines
elements of several Dance genres including
modern, jazz, lyrical,
Contemporary Danceand classic versatility
stresses ballet.
and improvisation, unlike the strict,
structured nature of ballet.
Pioneers of Contemporary dance includes
Isadora Duncan, Martha Graham, and Merce
Cunningham because they broke the rules of
the strict forms of ballet.- [ F I L ] -
CONTEMPORARY DANCE
Contemporary Dance stresses versatility and
improvisation, unlike the strict, structured nature
of ballet.Contemporary dance can be performed
to many different styles of music. Pioneers of
Contemporary dance includes Isadora Duncan,
Martha Graham, and Merce Cunningham because
they broke the rules of the strict forms of
ballet.It's important to note, however, that while
Graham moved into what is now known as
modern dance, and Duncan's style was uniquely
her own, Cunningham is often
BY MIKOKIT -[ F
spoken
I L
of
]-
as the S L I D E 52
father of contemporary dance.

Historic Roots of
CONTEMPORARY DANCE
Modern and contemporary dance has
many elements in common: they are, in
a way, branches stemming from the
same roots. Around the end of the 19th
century, several dancers began to break
the ballet mold. Some of these
individuals included Francois Delsarte,
Loïe Fuller, and Isadora Duncan, all of
whom developed unique styles of
movement based on theories
BY MIKOKIT -[ F I L
of their
]- S L I D E 53
own. All focused less on formal

Historic Roots of
CONTEMPORARY DANCE
Alvin Ailey was a student of Martha
Graham's. While he maintained a stronger
connection with older brother techniques,
he was the first to introduce African
American aesthetics and ideas into
contemporary dance. During the mid-
1940's another student of Graham's,
Merce Cunningham, began exploring his
own form of dance. Cunningham took
dance out of the formal- [ theatrical
BY MIKOKIT F I L
setting
]- S L I D E 54
and separated it from the need to express

CONTEMPORARY DANCE
"The body says what words cannot"
- Martha Graham
HO P
Hip-hop dance refers to street dance styles
P
HI
primarily performed to hip-hop music or that
have evolved as part of hip-hop culture. It includes
a wide range of styles primarily breaking which
was created in the 1970s and made popular by
dance crews in the United States. The dance industry
responded with a commercial, studio-based version of
hip-hop sometimes called "new style“ and a hip-hop
influenced style of jazz dance called "jazz-funk".
Classically trained
dancers developed these studio styles in order to
create choreograph
from the hip-hop dances
BY MIKOKIT -[
that
F I were
L ]-
performed on the
S L I D E 56
y o f
sto r
Hi
Hip-hop dance is a broad category that
H P
Odance styles that were created in the
includes a variety of styles. The older
H IP 1970s include
Breaking
early 1970s.
theItstyles
funk
was uprock,
created breaking, and New
in The Bronx,
is the first hip-hop dance style.
the York
foundational
Breaking dances:
includes fourtoprock, footwork-oriented
steps performed while standing up; downrock, footwork
performed with both hands and feet on the floor; freezes,
stylish poses done on your hands; and power moves,
complex and impressive acrobatic moves. Transitions
from toprock to downrock are called "drops." An influence
on toprock was uprock which was created in Brooklyn,
New York.
y o f
sto r In 1973, DJ Kool Herc invented the break
Hi O P
beat. A break beat is a rhythmic, musical
IP H interlude of a song that has been looped

instrumental solo.
over and over B-boy
again to and b-girl
extend stands
that
H for "break-boy" and "break-girl".
The funk styles refer to several street dance styles
created in California in the 1970s such as roboting,
bopping, hitting, locking, bustin', popping, boogaloo,
strutting, sac-ing, and dime-stopping. . It started out as
a 1960s fad dance and was the subject of several
songs released during that time such as "Do the
Boogaloo" and "My Baby Likes to Boogaloo". From
being a fad, it developed into a street dance style
BY called Boogaloo in Oakland,
MIKOKIT -[ F I CA,
L as] - well as a separate
S L I D E 58
y o f
sto r In 1973, DJ Kool Herc invented the break
Hi O P
beat. A break beat is a rhythmic, musical
IP H interlude of a song that has been looped

instrumental solo.
over and over B-boy
again to and b-girl
extend stands
that
H for "break-boy" and "break-girl".
The funk styles refer to several street dance styles
created in California in the 1970s such as roboting,
bopping, hitting, locking, bustin', popping, boogaloo,
strutting, sac-ing, and dime-stopping. . It started out as
a 1960s fad dance and was the subject of several
songs released during that time such as "Do the
Boogaloo" and "My Baby Likes to Boogaloo". From
being a fad, it developed into a street dance style
BY called Boogaloo in Oakland,
MIKOKIT -[ F I CA,
L as] - well as a separate
S L I D E 59
MAIN STYLES : HistoryHIP
of HOP
was created in the South Bronx, New York City
1.Breaking the early 1970s. It is the first hip-hop dance st
At the time of its creation, it was the only hip-hop dance
style because Afrika Bambaataa classified it as one of the
five pillars of hip-hop culture along with MCing (rapping),
DJing (turntablism), graffiti writing (bombing), and
knowledge. Locking, originally called Campbellocking,
2. Locking was created in 1969 in Los Angeles,
California by Don "Campbellock"
Campbell. Locking looks similar to
popping, and the two are frequently
BY MIKOKIT
confused- [ byF the
I casual
L ]-
observer. S L I D E 60
MAIN STYLES : HistoryHIP
of HOP
3. Popping
Popping was derived from the earlier Boogaloo street
dance movement taking place in Oakland, California
during the late 1960's, the Boogaloo dance form
incorporated techniques of soulful footwork steps, arm
movements, stop-motion animation, the robot, &
posing hard - which contracted muscles during robotic
poses to the music of Funk.
-It is based on the technique of quickly contracting
and relaxing muscles to cause a jerk in a dancer's
BY body, referred to as a- [pop
MIKOKIT F or
I aL hit.
]- S L I D E 61
HIP HOP
: Costumes
HIP HOP
: Costumes

Dance

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WHAT

The movement of the body in a

The definition of ballroom dance also

The first authoritative knowledge of the earlie

For Arbeau, dancing was part of

In 1650 the Minuet,

The waltz with its modern hold took root in England

HISTORY urban environments as the Five Points District

other, but the ball change

and set for stage performances.

In 1927, Dr. Jorge Bocobo; then UP president, sent her

The Philippines has many popular folk dances which have

The Cariñosa The Singkil

The Magkasuyo The Surtido

Jazz dance is an umbrella term

When dressing for a jazz dance class, you need

father of contemporary dance.

own. All focused less on formal

and separated it from the need to express

"The body says what words cannot"

IP H interlude of a song that has been looped

IP H interlude of a song that has been looped

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