EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY:

CLARIFICATION OF CONCEPTS
 Hello!
I am Sharon Arif

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 1.
Interpretation of
Educational Technology
 “According to
Oxford English Dictionary (2000), the term “ ” on the other hand, is simply defined by
means “a process of teaching, training the Oxford English Dictionary as “a body of knowledge
and learning, which when used / applied helps in solving problems”.”
especially in schools or colleges to improve
knowledge and develop skills”.”

“One can then infer, from the literal point of view, that
means “application of a body of knowledge (technology) to
solving educational problems. ”
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 2.
Technology in Education
 ✘ This aspect is described as the “hardware”
✘ By the term “technology approach to educational technology.
in education” is meant
application of machines,
gadgets or equipment to
improve the quality of
education.

✘ It involves the use of pieces of instructional materials (media) such as

audio media, visual media, projected media, graphics, computers and other teaching
machines.
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Audio Aids 7
Visual Aids
Projected Aids 8
Broadcast Aids
 3.
Technology of Education
Technology of Education
.

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 4.
Dimensions of Educational
Technology
Dimensions of Educational Technology Educational Technology I (ET I): focuses more on physical
media that are designed and developed to improve the quality
of teaching-learning
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Educational Technology II (ET II): refers to all strategies,
techniques and means through which instructions are
designed, planned, implemented and evaluated.

Educational Technology III: attributed to philosophical and

holistic orientation based on the concept of problem analysis
and goal achievement.
 5.
INSTRUCTION Technology
Teaching
Art of passing knowledge by
way of deliberate arrangement
of the task to be learnt
Teaching is expected to
produce learning.
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Instruction
Instruction is a subset of
teaching. The efforts of
somebody who is superior in
knowledge, skills and attitude).
To plan, design, implement and
evaluate the teaching- learning
process for the benefit of the
recipients (learners)
Learning Indoctrination
Relatively permanent change
An act of deliberate killing of
in human behavior arising
learners’ reasoning ability
from experience

The change should be an

outcome of the learner’s Indoctrination does not allow
interaction with the the learners to be creative
environment. and original.

Learning environment must

Not a favoured practice by
be sufficiently made
educators.
conducive 15
 Instructional Technology

 Instructional technology is a subset of educational technology.

Instructional technology can be applied at the micro level to solve
educational problems.
 It is based on specific instructional objectives, using available human and non-
human elements to improve the quality of instruction.
 Instructional problems such as management of teaching-learning situation at
the classroom level, deciding on choice of instructional media, methods, topic
etc. is in the sphere of instructional technology
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Increase the rate of learning and at the
same time allows the teacher to use
more time on other gainful activities

Reinforce verbal and visual messages.

Emphasis is placed on realistic

learning rather than rote learning

Instructional media have a way of

motivating and arresting pupils’
attention.

Abstract concepts are best illustrated

through the use of instructional media.
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 6.
HISTORY OF EDUCATIONAL
TECHNOLOGY: GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE
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 7.
Distance Education
✘ Distance education is used as a general term to
describe whatever form of education that is received
without the direct presence of the teacher, but
usually with the aid of one or a combination of
instructional media
✘ Has generated a wide range of some terminologies
such as : open learning, flexible learning, e-learning
among others.

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✘ Distance Education and Distance Learning are
used synonymously.
✘ Distinction?
✘ Studying undertaken through the use of any of the
indirect media of imparting knowledge (Ojo, 1986).
✘ Unlike the direct medium of face-to-face teaching
this includes printed matters, narrowcast, broadcast
materials, programmed materials and self-
instructional materials.
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✘ Is a learning method for the knowledge acquisition based
on open educational resources, open source technologies
and online communities.
✘ Education must be made available to all irrespective of
such factors as gender, economic status, age, etc
✘ Equal opportunities for receiving high quality educational
contents without any forms of barriers
✘ Addresses factors associated with learning from a distance.
✘ Promotes a learner-centered instructional climate.
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✘ This term refers to the nature of distance
and open education with special reference
to its adaptability characteristic.
✘ Flexibility principles are deliberately built into
the system.
✘ These are noticed in such aspects like:
adoption of multimedia approach to
instructional delivery, extension of period of
completion of programmes to almost double
what operates in conventional system, ease
of choice of study centres.
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✘ eLearning is learning utilizing electronic
technologies to access educational
curriculum outside of a traditional
classroom. In most cases, it refers to a
course, program or degree delivered
completely online.
✘ One is called synchronous and the other is
called asynchronous

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✘ Broadcast Radio
✘ Audio Teleconference
✘ Television
✘ Video Tapes
✘ Computer-assisted Learning
in Distance Education

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