Work and Energy

Physics 100 Chapt 5

 WHAT IS
ENERGY?
 ENERGY
 the ability or the capacity to
do work.
 It is stored in different
forms and can transfer
and/or transform.
 ENERGY
 It can be transferred without being
transformed.
 It can also be transformed without
being transferred.

 It can also transformed during

transfers.
 Can you cite an
example of energy
transfer or
transformation?
•What are some
forms of energy?
 MECHANICAL ENERGY:

FORMS:

1. POTENTIAL ENERGY

2. KINETIC ENERGY
Energy Transformation
 Sample Problems:
1. What is the Kinetic energy of a girl
who has a mass of 40 kg and a velocity
of 3 m/s?

2. If a 2.0 kg ball is thrown with a

velocity of 6 m/s , what is its KE?
 Physicist’s definition of “work”

(n A s
ot dist∥
ca
a lar
ve
ct
or dist
)

Work = F x dist∥
Atlas holds up the Earth
But he doesn’t move,
dist∥ = 0

Work= Fx dist∥ = 0

He doesn’t do any work!

Garcon does work when
he picks up the tray

but not while he

carries it around
the room
 Conservation of energy

mgh + ½ mv2 = constant

Gravitational Kinetic energy
Potential energy

If gravity is the only force that does work:

PE + KE = constant

Energy is conserved
Roller coaster
 Work done by a spring
Relaxed
Position
F=0

x
F I compress
the spring

(I do + work;
spring does
-work)
Work done by spring = - change in ½ kx2
 Conservation of energy
springs & gravity

mgh + ½ kx2 + ½ mv2 = constant

Gravitational spring Kinetic energy
potential energy potential energy

If elastic force & gravity are the only force doing work:
PEgrav + PEspring + KE = constant

Energy is conserved
(-)Work done by frictionheat
 Thermal atomic motion
Air solid

Heat energy= KE and PE associated with

the random thermal motion of atoms
 Units again
Heat units:
1 calorie = heat energy required to raise the
temp of 1 gram of H2O by 1o C
Kg m2/s2

1 calorie= 4.18 Joules

 Food Calories
1 Calorie = 1000 calories = 1Kcalorie
The Calories you read on food labels

1 Calorie= 4.18x103 Joules

7 x 106 J

8 x 105 J 2 x 106 J
 Power
amout of energy
Rate of using energy: Power = elapsed time

Joule
Units: 1 second = 1 Watt

A 100 W light bulb

consumes 100 J of
electrical energy each
second to produce light
 Other units

Over a full day, a work-horse can

have an average work output of
more than 750 Joules each second

1 Horsepower = 750 Watts

 Kilowatt hours
energy
Power = time  energy = power x time

 power unit x time unit = energy unit

Elec companies use: Kilowatts x

hours
(103 W) (3600 s)

1 kilowatt-hour = 1kW-hr

= 103 W x 3.6x103 s = 3.6x106 Ws

J

HECO charges us about 15 cents /kW-hr