Latest trends in battery

storage technologies.
-Shaaswat Tiwari
Name: Shaaswat Tiwari
Program: B.tech CSE
Semester: 1st semester

School: School of Computer Science &

Engineering

Faculty: Mr. Karri Guru Govind

Name of the University: Lovely Professional

University

Date of presentation: 26/Oct/2018

Abstract of the Project
As the battery technologies offer desirable characteristics at competitive cost, their
applications have broadened significantly within the last decade covering all areas of
power systems: from generation to transmission and distribution levels. In addition,
battery storage technologies offer solutions to a range of network problems which are
weak, long and thin, have large load variations, and have low power system inertia. The
network problems may also be associated with fringe-of-grid areas that are likely to
experience reliability and power quality issues. In addition, as the penetration of
renewable energy resources increases, further problems also emerged primarily
related to the intermittency of such resources. Since their interactions in an ever-
growing complexity of microgrid applications need special attention, main emphasis is
also given to highlight the impact of renewable energy utilising battery storage
solutions. Finally, the energy storage test system developed is explained to provide
insight to accelerate the technology by real tests on system components and
applications, knowledge sharing and training.
 Introduction
While smartphones, smart homes and even smart wearables are growing ever more
advanced, they're still limited by power. The battery hasn't advanced in decades. But we're
on the verge of a power revolution. Big technology and car companies are all too aware of
the limitations of lithium-ion batteries.
Since electricity demand is unpredictable, it possesses significant challenges on the power
system security and operation, specifically when the level of intermittent renewable energy
penetration (which is also unpredictable) is high. The problem becomes more challenging if
the section of a power network is weak, long and thin, and if it has limited power flow
(import/export) opportunities to the stronger and firmer sections of the network. This can
cause serious stability issues since the section of the network becomes very susceptible to
even small load variations.
 History
In 1749, Benjamin Franklin, the U.S. polymath and founding father, first used the
term "battery" to describe a set of linked capacitors he used for his experiments
with electricity. These capacitors were panels of glass coated with metal on each
surface. These capacitors were charged with a static generator and discharged by
touching metal to their electrode. Linking them together in a "battery" gave a
stronger discharge. Originally having the generic meaning of "a group of two or
more similar objects functioning together", as in an artillery battery, the term came
to be used for voltaic piles and similar devices in which many electrochemical cells
 were connected together in the manner of Franklin's capacitors. Today even a
single electrochemical cell, e.g. a dry cell, is commonly called a battery.
 First Practical Battery
• Daniell cell ::: A British chemist named John Frederic Daniell found a way to solve the hydrogen
bubble problem in the Voltaic Pile by using a second electrolyte to consume the hydrogen
produced by the first. In 1836 he invented the Daniell cell, which consisted of a copper pot filled
with a copper sulfate solution, in which was immersed an unglazed earthenware container filled
with sulfuric acid and a zinc electrode.
• Bird's cell ::: A version of the Daniell cell was invented in 1837 by the Guy's hospital physician 
Golding Bird who used a plaster of Paris barrier to keep the solutions separate.
• Lead-acid ::: Up to this point, all existing batteries would be permanently drained when all their
chemical reactions were spent. In 1859, Gaston Planté invented the lead–acid battery, the first-
ever battery that could be recharged by passing a reverse current through it. A lead acid cell
consists of a lead anode and a lead dioxide cathode immersed in sulfuric acid. Both electrodes
react with the acid to produce lead sulfate, but the reaction at the lead anode releases electrons
whilst the reaction at the lead dioxide consumes them, thus producing a current. These
chemical reactions can be reversed by passing a reverse current through the battery, thereby
recharging it.
• Lithium and lithium-ion batteries
Lithium is the metal with lowest density and with the greatest 
electrochemical potential and energy-to-weight ratio. The low atomic weight
and small size of its ions also speeds its diffusion, suggesting that it would make
an ideal material for batteries. Experimentation with lithium batteries began in
1912 under G.N. Lewis, but commercial lithium batteries did not come to market
until the 1970s. Three volt lithium primary cells such as the CR123A type and three
volt button cells are still widely used, especially in cameras and very small
devices.
 Future batteries, coming soon: Charge in seconds,
last months and power over the air
• Gold nanowire batteries • Grabat graphene batteries

Great minds over at the University of
California Irvine have  be one of the most superior available.
cracked nanowire batteries that can
withstand plenty of recharging. The
result could be future batteries that
don't die.
Nanowires, a thousand times thinner
than a human hair, pose a great
possibility for future batteries. But
they've always broken down when
recharging. This discovery uses gold
nanowires in a gel electrolyte to avoid
that. In fact these batteries were tested
recharging over 200,000 times in three
months and showed no degradation at
Graphene batteries have the potential to
 
Grabat has developed graphene
batteries that could offer electric cars a
driving range of up to 500 miles on a
charge. Graphenano, the company
behind the development, says the
batteries can be charged to full in just a
few minutes and can charge and
discharge 33 times faster than lithium
ion. There's no word on if Grabat
batteries are currently being used in any
products, but the company has batteries
available for cars, drones, bikes and even
the home. 
 Future batteries, coming soon: Charge in seconds,
last months and power over the air
• Laser-made microsupercapacitors • Foam batteries

Scientists at Rice University have  Prieto believes the future of batteries is

made a breakthrough in
microsupercapacitors. Currently they are
expensive to make but using lasers that
could soon change.By using lasers to
burn electrode patterns into sheets of
plastic manufacturing costs and effort
drop massively.
The result is a battery that can charge 50
times faster than current batteries and
discharge even slower than current
supercapacitors. They're even tough,
able to work after being bent over
10,000 times in testing.
3D. The company has managed to crack
this with its battery that uses a copper
foam substrate.This means these
batteries will not only be safer, thanks to
no flammable electrolyte, but they will
also offer longer life, faster charging, five
times higher density, be cheaper to make
and be smaller than current
offerings.Prieto aims to place its
batteries into small items first, like
wearables. But it says the batteries can
be upscaled so we could see them in
phones and maybe even cars in the
future. 
 Future batteries, coming soon: Charge in seconds,
last months and power over the air
• Foldable battery is paper-like but
tough
The Jenax J.Flex battery has been
developed to make bendable gadgets
possible. The paper-like battery can fold
and is waterproof meaning it can be
integrated into clothing and wearables.
The battery has already been created
and has even been safety tested,
including being folded over 200,000
times without losing performance.
• uBeam over the air charging
uBeam uses ultrasound to transmit
electricity. Power is turned into sound
waves, inaudible to humans and animals,
which are transmitted and then
converted back to power upon reaching
the device. The uBeam concept was
stumbled upon by 25-year-old
astrobiology graduate Meredith Perry.
She started the company that will make
it possible to charge gadgets over the air
using a 5mm thick plate. These
transmitters can be attached to walls, or
made into decorative art, to beam power
to smartphones and laptops. The
gadgets just need a thin receiver in order
to receive the charge.
 Future batteries, coming soon: Charge in seconds,
last months and power over the air
• Aluminium-air battery • Urine powered batteries

A car has managed to  The Bill Gates Foundation is funding

drive 1,100 miles on a single battery charg further research by Bristol Robotic
e Laboratory who discovered 
. The secret to this super range is a type batteries that can be powered by urine.
of battery technology called aluminium- It’s efficient enough to charge a
air that uses oxygen from the air to fill its smartphone which the scientists have
cathode. This makes it far lighter than already shown off. But how does it work?
liquid filled lithium-ion batteries to give Using a Microbial Fuel Cell, micro-
car a far greater range. organisms take the urine, break it down
and output electricity.
Thank You Everyone for paying attention to my
presentation