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Biology 1009-ch8
Biology 1009-ch8
Microbial Genetics
Biology 1009
Microbiology
Johnson-Summer 2003
Structure and Function of
Genetic Material
DNA & RNA
DNA=deoxyribonucleic acid
RNA=ribonucleic acid
Nucleotides
Phosphate group
Pentose sugar
Nitrogenous base
Structure of DNA
Double stranded (double helix)
Chains of nucleotides
5’ to 3’ (strands are anti-parallel)
Complimentary base pairing
A-T
G-C
DNA Structure
Phosphate-P
Sugar-blue
Bases-ATGC
DNA Replication
Bacteria have closed, circular DNA
Genome: genetic material in an
organism
E. coli
4 million base pairs
1 mm long (over 1000 times larger that
actual bacterial cell)
DNA takes up around 10% of cell volume
DNA Replication-occurs at the
replication fork
5’ to 3 ‘
DNA helicase-unzips + parental DNA strand that is
used as a template
Leading stand (5’ to 3’-continuous)
*DNA polymerase-joins growing DNA strand after
nucleotides are aligned (complimentary)
Lagging strand (5’ to 3’-not continuous)
*RNA polymerase (makes short RNA primer)
*DNA polymerase (extends RNA primer then digests RNA primer
and replaces it with DNA)
*DNA ligase (seals Okazaki fragments-the newly formed DNA
fragments)
Replication Fork
Protein Synthesis
Central Dogma
of Molecular Genetics
Transcription
One strand of DNA used as a template to
make a complimentary strand of mRNA
Promoter/RNA polymerase/termination site/5’
to 3’
Ways in which RNA & DNA differ:
RNA is ss
RNA sugar is ribose
Base pairing-A-U
Transcription
Types of RNA
Three types:
mRNA: messenger RNA
Contains 3 bases ( codon)
rRNA: ribosomal RNA
Comprises the 70 S ribosome
tRNA: transfer RNA
Transfers amino acids to ribosomes for protein synthesis
Contains the anticodon (3 base sequence that is
complimentary to codon on mRNA)
Genetic Code
DNA: triplet code