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Piping Material
Piping Material
Carbon Equivalent:
Ceq = C + Mn/6 + Cr + Mo+ V + Cu + Ni
5 15
Killed Steel
During Steel making process oxygen present is removed
by adding Silica (De oxidizing agent).
ALLOY STEEL
Addition of elements such as Cromium, Nickel,
Molybdenum, Manganese, Silicon along with heat
treatment improves the properties of steels such
as mechanical strength, corrosion resistance,
toughness
MACHINABILITY
RESISTANCE TO
FORGEABILITY
TEMPERATURE
COOLING RATE
IMPACT VALUE
ELONGATION
YIELD POINT
FORMATION
ELASTICITY
STRENGTH
ALLOYING
HARDNESS
STABLITY
ELEMENT
CARBIDE
SCALING
WEAR
HIGH
S ilic o n ↑ ↑ ↑↑ ↓ ↓ ↑↑↑ ↑ ↓ ↓ ↓↓↓ ↓ ↓ ↓
M a n g a n e s e in
p e rlit . s t e e ls ↑ ↑ ↑ • • ↑ • ↓ • ↓↓ ↑ ↓ •
M a n g a n e s e in
a u s t e n it . s t e e ls . ↓↓↓ ↑ ↓ ↑↑↑ – – – ↓↓ – – ↓↓↓ ↓↓↓ ↓↓
C h ro m iu m ↑↑ ↑↑ ↑↑ ↓ ↓ ↑ ↑ ↓↓↓ ↑↑ ↑ ↓ – ↓↓↓
N ic k e l in
p e rlit . s t e e ls ↑ ↑ ↑ • • – ↑ ↓↓ – ↓↓ ↓ ↓ ↓
N ic k e l in
a u s t e n n it . s t e e ls ↓↓ ↑ ↓ ↑↑↑ ↑↑↑ – ↑↑↑ ↓↓ – – ↓↓↓ ↓↓↓ ↓↓
A lu m in u m – – – – ↓ – – – – – ↓↓ – ↓↓
Tu n g s te n ↑ ↑ ↑ ↓ • – ↑↑↑ ↓↓ ↑↑ ↑↑↑ ↓↓ ↓↓ ↓↓
V a n a d iu m ↑ ↑ ↑ • ↑ ↑ ↑↑ ↓↓ ↑↑↑↑ ↑↑ ↑ – ↓
C o b a lt ↑ ↑ ↑ ↓ ↓ – ↑↑ ↑↑ – ↑↑↑ ↓ • ↓
M o ly b d e n u m ↑ ↑ ↑ ↓ ↑ – ↑↑ ↓↓ ↑↑↑ ↑↑ ↓ ↓ ↑↑
C opper ↑ ↑ ↑↑ • • – ↑ – – – ↓↓↓ • •
S u lp h u r – – – ↓ ↓ – – – – – ↓↓↓ ↑↑↑ –
P h o s p h o ro u s ↑ ↑ ↑ ↓ ↓↓↓ – – – – – ↓ ↑↑ –
Classification based on
1. Alloying Constituents
2. Metallurgical Microstructure
3. Degree of sensitization
STAINLESS STEEL
Alloying constituents
Martensitic SS.
High hardness (carbon added to the alloy)
Corrosion resistant
Type 410,420.
STAINLESS STEEL
Precipitation Hardened SS
Magnetic
GROUP 1
M ODULUS
UTS YS E l o n g a ti o n
ALLO YS UNS NO OF HARDNES S
(P S I) ( P S I) (% ) m i n
E L A S T IC IT Y
1 ) A u s t e n i ti c S S
Ty pe 304 S 3 0 ,4 0 0 7 5 ,0 0 0 3 0 ,00 0 30 2 9 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 80 RB
Ty pe 304L S 3 0 ,4 0 3 7 0 ,0 0 0 2 5 ,00 0 35 2 9 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 75 RB
Ty pe 316 S 3 1 ,6 0 0 7 5 ,0 0 0 3 0 ,00 0 30 2 8 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 80 RB
Ty pe 316 L S 3 1 ,6 0 3 7 0 ,0 0 0 2 5 ,00 0 35 2 8 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 75 RB
2 ) F e r r i ti c S S
Ty pe 430 S 4 3 ,0 0 0 6 0 ,0 0 0 3 0 ,00 0 20 2 9 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 85 RB
Ty pe 439 S 4 3 ,0 3 5 6 0 ,0 0 0 3 0 ,00 0 20 2 9 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 90 RB
Ty pe 409 S 4 0 ,9 0 0 5 5 ,0 0 0 3 0 ,00 0 20 2 9 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 85 RB
3 ) D u p le x S S
A llo y 2 2 0 5 S 3 1 ,8 0 5 9 0 ,0 0 0 6 5 ,00 0 25 2 9 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 30 RC
7 0 M o P lu s S 3 2 ,9 5 0 9 0 ,0 0 0 7 0 ,00 0 20 2 9 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 30 RC
A llo y 2 5 5 S 3 2 ,5 5 0 1 ,1 0 ,0 0 0 8 0 ,00 0 15 3 0 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0 32 RC
4 ) M a r te n s i ti c S S
Ty pe 410 S 4 1 ,0 0 0 1 ,9 0 ,0 0 0 1 ,5 0 ,0 0 0 15 2 9 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 41 RC
Ty pe 420 S 4 2 ,0 0 0 2 ,4 0 ,0 0 0 2 ,0 0 ,0 0 0 5 2 9 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 55 RC
Ty pe 440L S 4 4 ,0 5 0 2 ,8 0 ,0 0 0 2 ,7 0 ,0 0 0 2 2 9 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 60 RC
5 ) P r e c i p i ta ti m S S
1 7 .7 P H S 1 7 ,7 0 0 2 ,1 0 ,0 0 0 1 ,9 0 ,0 0 0 5 3 2 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0 48 RC
1 7 .4 P H S 1 7 ,4 0 0 1 ,9 0 ,0 0 0 1 ,7 0 ,0 0 0 8 2 8 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 45 RC
C u s to m 4 5 5 S 4 5 ,5 0 0 2 ,3 0 ,0 0 0 2 ,2 0 ,0 0 0 10 2 9 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 48 RC
ASTM / ASME Nomenclature
Materials are listed based on their known chemical
composition, manufacturing processes, mechanical
strength etc, in different codes i.e,ASTM, ASME, DIN,
MSS etc, and common UNS number
ASTM Standard gives various details of materials like
manufacturing process, Grades, Chemical Composition,
and Mechanical Properties.
ASME Code accepts the ASTM materials with some
additional specified properties.
ASTM / ASME Nomenclature
SA 312 TP 304
S : ASME approved Material
A : Ferrous
312 : Manufacturing Process No.
TP : Tubular Product
304 : Grade
SA 234 GR WPB
S : ASME approved Material
A : Ferrous
234 : Manufacturing Process No.
GR : Grade.
WP : Wrought Product
B : Grade
ASTM / ASME Nomenclature
SA 350 LF 2 : Low Temperature Forging Grade 2
furnace
Steel to be Killed & fine grained
SERVICE PRESSURE
PLATE PIPE FORGING
TEMPERATURE (°F) BOLTING
L
(-75) – (-51) SA 203 GR.A OR B SA 333 GR.3 SA 350 GR. BOLTS: SA 320
O
LF3 GR.L7
W
NUTS: SA 194
GR.4
T (-50) – (-21) SA 516 ALL SA 333 GR.1
E GRADES IMPACT
M TESTED
P
E
R
(-20) – (+4) SA 516 ALL
A
GRADES OVER 1 IN.
T
THICK IMPACT
U SA 350 GR.
TESTED
R LF1 OR LF2 BOLTS: SA 193
E SA 53
GR.B7
(SEAMLESS) OR
NUTS: SA 194
(+5) – (+32) SA 516 ALL SA 106
GR.2H
GRADES OVER 1 IN.
THICK IMPACT
TESTED
Material Selection for Temperature (Continued…)
SERVICE PRESSURE
PLATE PIPE FORGING
TEMPERATURE (°F) BOLTING
DESCRIPTION CS AS SS DSS