OPEN ROTATING VESSELS

PROBLEM NO. 1
A CYLINDRICAL TANK 5M IN DIAMETER WITH A HEIGHT OF 10M IS FILLED WITH
WATER. IT IS FILLED TO A POSITION ENOUGH FOR THE WATER SURFACE TO CUT
THE DIAMETER OF THE BASE.

• HOW MUCH WATER IS RETAINED IN THE CYLINDRICAL TANK?

• IF THE TANK IS PLACE IN A VERTICAL UPRIGHT POSITION, HOW DEEP IS THE
WATER IN THE TANK?
• HOW FAST IN RAD/SEC COULD THE TANK BE ROTATED ABOUT ITS VERTICAL
AXIS SO THAT THE DEPTH OF WATER AT THE CENTER IS ZERO?
 SOLUTION
5.0 m
Vol. of water Deep of water in the
retained: tank in an upright
L position:
V = (A 1 + 4A m +A 2 )
6 V = πr 2h
10.0 m

A1 = 0
A2 = 0 33.333 = π(2.5) 2 h
L=5 h = 1.70 m
2(10)
Am=
2
A m = 10
5
V= [ 0 + 4(10) + 0]
6
V = 33.333 cu.m.
water
retained
 Value of ω in rpm:

w
ω 2r 2
y=
2g
ω2 (2.5) 2
10 =
2(9.81)
1 0 .0 m

ω = 5.603 rad/sec
5.603(60)
ω=
2π
ω = 53.505 rpm
2.5 m
 PROBLEM NO. 2
AN OPEN CYLINDRICAL TANK 30 CM. IN DIAM. AND 100 CM. HIGH PARTIALLY
FILLED WITH WATER IS ROTATED ABOUT ITS VERTICAL AXIS AT A SPEED OF 260
RPM.

• WHAT WOULD BE THE DEPTH OF WATER IN THE TANK IF THE CYLINDRICAL

TANK IS BROUGHT TO REST SO THAT NO WATER WILL BE SPILLED OUT
• AT WHAT SPEED WOULD IT BE ROTATED SO THAT 1.55 LITERS OF WATER
WILL BE SPILLED OUT
• AT WHAT SPEED WOULD IT BE ROTATED SO THAT THE PRESSURE AT THE
CENTER OF THE BOTTOM OF THE TANK IS ZERO?
SOLUTION
Depth of water in Speed would it be rotated so
the tank if the that 1.55 L of water will be
w
cylindrical is spilled out:
brought to rest:
ω 2r 2 y(π(π)(0.12 π(0.15) 2 (0.850)
y= - = 0.00155
2g 2 2
y = 0.894 m w
260(2 π)
ω= ω 2r 2
60 y=
0.85 m

2g
ω = 27.227
ω2 (0.15) 2
(27.227) 2 (0.150) 2 0.894 =
y= 2(9.81)
0.15 m

2(9.81) ω = 27.921 rad/sec

m
y

0
.85
y = 0.850 m 27.921(60)
0.15 m
ω=
0.850 2π
d= + 0.15 ω = 266.626 rpm

0
.1m
5
2
d = 0.575 m 0.15 m
 Speed would it be rotated so that the
pressure at the center of the bottom of
the tank is zero:
w

ω 2r 2
y=
2g
ω 2 (0.15) 2
1=
2(9.81)
1 .0 m

ω = 29.530 rad/sec
ω = 281.987 rpm

0.15 m
 PROBLEM NO. 3

AN OPEN CYLINDRICAL TANK 1.5 METER IN DIAM AND 2.0 M. HIGH IS 3/4 FULL
OF WATER. IF THE TANK IS ROTATED ABOUT ITS VERTICAL AXIS, WHAT SPEED
SHOULD HAVE IN RPM SO THAT:

• THE WATER COULD JUST REACH THE RIM OF THE TANK

• THE DEPTH OF WATER AT THE CENTER IS ZERO.
• THERE IS NO WATER AT THE BOTTOM WITH IN 20 CM. FROM THE VERTICAL
AXIS.
 SOLUTION
Water could just Depth of water at the center is w
reach the rim of zero:
w the tank:
ω2r 2
1.5 m
y=
ω 2r 2 2g
y=
2g ω2 (0.75) 2
2.0 =
0.5 m

ω2 (0.75) 2 2(9.81)

2.0 m
y = 1.0 m

1=
2(9.81) ω = 8.352 rad/sec
1.5 m

ω = 5.906 rad/sec 8.352(60)

ω=
5.906(60) 2π
ω=
0.75 m 2π ω = 79.758 rpm
ω = 56.398 rpm 0.75 m
 No. Water at bottom within 15cm from the
vertical axis:

w ω 2r 2
h + 2.0 =
2g
ω 2 (0.75) 2
h + 2.0 =
2(9.81)
ω 2 (0.15) 2
h=
2(9.81)
2 + h

ω 2 (0.15) 2 ω 2 (0.75) 2
+ 2.0 =
2(9.81) 2(9.81)
ω = 8.524 rad/sec
h

0.15 0.15
ω = 81.403 rpm
 PROBLEM NO. 4

AN OPEN CYLINDRICAL TANK 4.5 M HIGH AND 1 METER DIAMETER CONTAINS 3

M OF WATER, IF THE CYLINDER ROTATES ABOUT ITS GEOMETRICAL AXIS.

• WHAT CONSTANT ANGULAR VELOCITY CAN BE ATTAINED WITHOUT SPILLING

ANY WATER?
• WHAT CONSTANT ANGULAR VELOCITY CAN BE ATTAINED IF THE DEPTH OF
WATER AT THE CENTER IS 1 M
• WHAT CONSTANT ANGULAR VELOCITY CAN BE ATTAINED IF THE VOLUME
SPILLED OUT IS EQUAL TO 0.101 M
 SOLUTION
Constant angular Constant angular velocity can be
velocity can be attained if the depth of water at the
attained without center is 1m.: w
w
spilling any water:
1.0 m ω2r 2 1.0 m

y=
2g
ω 2r 2
y= ω 2 (0.5) 2
2g

1.5 m
3.5 =
1.5 m

2(9.81)

y = 3.5 m
ω2 (0.5) 2
y = 3.0 m

3= ω = 16.573 rad/sec
2(9.81)

3.0 m
ω = 15.344 rad/sec
3.0 m

0.50 m

0.50 m
 Constant Angular velocity that can be attained if the vol. spilled
out is 0.101 m3:

w
π(0.5) 2 (y) π(0.5) 2 (3)
- = 0.101
2 2
3 .0 m y = 3.257

ω 2r 2
y=
y

2g
ω2 (0.5) 2
3.257 =
2(9.81)
0.50 m ω = 15.988 rad/sec
PROBLEM NO. 5

AN OPEN CYLINDRICAL TANK IS 1.50 M. IN DIAM AND 1.8 M. HIGH IS 2/3 FULL OF WATER.
 
• COMPUTE THE AMOUNT OF WATER IN LITERS THAT WILL BE SPILLED OUT IF THE VESSEL
IS ROTATED ABOUT ITS VERTICAL AXIS AT A CONSTANT SPEED OF 80 RPM.
• AT WHAT SPEED IN RPM CAN THE VESSEL BE ROTATED WITHOUT SPILLING ANY WATER.
• AT WHAT SPEED IN RPM CAN THE VESSEL BE ROTATED SO THAT THE PRESSURE AT THE
CENTER OF THE BOTTOM OF THE TANK WILL NOT EXCEED 7.197 KPA.
 @ AMOUNT OF WATER IN LITERS: @ SPEED IN RPM CAN THE VESSEL BE ROTATED WITHOUT SPILLING ANY
w
WATER:
1.50 m

ω 2r 2
y
0 .5 m

2g

1 .0 m
ω2 (0.75) 2
1 .5 0 m

1.2 
1 .0 m

2(9.81)
ω  6.47rad/se c
6.47(60)
π(0.75)2 y π(0.75)2 (1.2) ω  61.78rpm
0.75 m

  Vspilledout 2π
2 2
ω2r 2
y
2g
@ SPEED IN RPM CAN THE VESSEL BE ROTATED:
 80
2 π  γh
  2π   (0.6)2 7.197  9.81h
60
y 
2(9.81) h  0.73
y  1.29 y  1.8  0.73  1.07m
2
π(0.75) (1.29) π(0.75) (1.2) 2
ω 2r 2
Vol.   y
2 2 2g
Vol.  0.08m 3
ω 2 (0.75) 2
1.07 
Vol.  77.56liters 2(9.81)
ω  6.10rad/se c
6.10(60)
ω
2π
ω  58.24rpm
PROBLEM NO. 6
RESTING AGAINST THE FLAT TOP OF A CLOSED VESSEL FILLED WITH WATER IS
A CUBE OF WOOD, 20 CM ON A SIDE AND HAVING A MASS OF 5KG. IT IS
FASTENED TO THE TOP BY A VERTICAL PIN. THE VESSEL IS ROTATED AT THE
RATE OF 25 RAD/SEC. ABOUT A VERTICAL AXIS PASSING THROUGH THE VESSEL
AND AT A DISTANCE OF 2 M FROM ONE OF THE VERTICAL FACES OF THE CUBE.
• COMPUTE THE INWARD HORIZONTAL FORCE ACTING ON THE OUTER SIDE OF
THE CUBE.
• COMPUTE THE OUTWARD HORIZONTAL FORCE ACTING ON THE INNER SIDE
OF THE CUBE.
• WHAT RADIAL FORCE DOES THE CUBE EXERT AGAINST THE PIN?
@ INWARD HORIZONTAL FORCE
ACTING ON THE OUTER SIDE OF THE
2 2
ωr
CUBE:
h 
1
2g R  F  F2  F1
@ RADIAL FORCE THE CUBE EXERT
60.5(1000)
(25) 2 (2.2)2 R  6562.5  5096.84 
h1 
2(9.81) AGAINST THE PIN: 9.81
h1  154.18m R  5492.16(9. 81)
R  53.88kN
(25)2 (2)2
h2 
2(9.81)
h1  127.42m
 1000(154.1 8) 
F1   (20)(20)(9 .81)
 100 2 
F1  60.5kN

@OUTWARD HORIZONTAL FORCE

ACTING
F  P A ON THE INNER SIDE OF THE
2 2 2

F  1000(127.4 2) (0.2)(0.2)

CUBE:
2

F  5096.84kg
2

mv 2
F
r
mω2r 2
F
r
F  5(25)(2.1)
F  6562.5kg
Foutside  (6562.5  5096.84)(9 .81)
Foutside  114.38kN
PROBLEM NO. 7

WHEN THE U-TUBE IS NOT ROTATED, THE WATER STANDS IN THE TUBE AS
SHOWN. IF THE TUBE IS ROTATED ABOUT THE ECCENTRIC AXIS AT THE RATE
OF 7 RAD SEC.
 
• WHAT IS THE NEW LEVEL OF WATER OF THE TUBE ON THE LEFT SIDE?
• DETERMINE THE DECREASE OF THE WATER LEVEL IN THE TUBE ON THE LEFT
SIDE.
• WHAT IS THE NEW LEVEL OF WATER OF THE TUBE IN THE RIGHT SIDE?
 @ DECREASE OF WATER LEVEL ON
THE LEFT SIDE= 100 - 65 = 35MM

@NEW LEVEL OF WATER OF THE TUBE

IN THE RIGHT SIDE = 0.135 = 135MM
@ NEW LEVEL OF WATER OF THE TUBE
ON THE LEFT SIDE:
0.1 h1  h2  0.1
h2  h1  0.2
ω2 2 2
h2  h1  (r2  r1 )
2g
72
h2  h1  (0.22  0.12 )
2(9.81)
h2  h1  0.07
h2  h1  0.2
2h2  0.27
h2  0.135
h1  0.065m  65mm
PROBLEM NO. 8

• AT WHAT ANGULAR VELOCITY MUST A U-TUBE 0.40 M. IN WIDTH AND FILLED

WITH WATER TO DEPTH OF 0.25 M. BE ROTATED ABOUT ITS A TO CAUSE THE
WATER AT A TO VAPORIZE?
• FIND THE ABSOLUTE PRESSURE AT B IN KPA.
• FIND THE ABSOLUTE PRESSURE AT B IN BARS
@ TO CAUSE THE WATER AT A TO
VAPORIZE, ASSUME THE PRESSURE OF
WATER AT A TO BE ABSOLUTE ZERO
@ ABSOLUTE PRESSURE AT B IN
OR THE REQUIRED PRESSURE HEAD
BARS=1.0385 BARS
TO BE 760MMHG

@ ABSOLUTE PRESSURE AT B IN KPA:

PROBLEM NO. 9

IF THE MERCURY U-TUBE IS ROTATED ABOUT A VERTICAL AXIS THROUGH A

UNTIL THERE IS NO MERCURY IN THE LEG BC, DETERMINE THE LOWEST
POSSIBLE SPEED FOR THIS CONDITION.
PROBLEM NO. 10

A HEMISPHERICAL BOWL HAVING A RADIUS OF 1.5 M IS FULL OF WATER. IF THE

HEMISPHERICAL BOWL! IS MADE TO ROTATE UNIFORMLY ABOUT THE VERTICAL
AXIS AT THE RATE OF 40 RPM.
• DETERMINE THE VOLUME OF WATER THAT IS SPILLED OUT.
• DETERMINE THE REMAINING VOLUME OF WATER IN THE HEMISPHERICAL
BOWL.
• DETERMINE THE MAXIMUM PRESSURE AT THE BOTTOM OF THE
HEMISPHERICAL AT THIS INSTANT.
 @ REMAINING VOLUME OF WATER IN
THE HEMISPHERICAL BOWL:

@VOLUME OF WATER THAT IS SPILLED

OUT: @ MAXIMUM PRESSURE AT THE
BOTTOM OF THE HEMISPHERICAL AT
THIS INSTANT: