How to use the column interaction Diagram

Process Design Analysis

Given Loads, Pu and e Section properties
section dimension eccentricity
Required Amount of reinforcement axial load and
moment capacity
P M Ast
Reinforced 
n
calculate
and
n
pg  e/h
Ag Ag h Ag

Concrete
Intersection of pg & e/h
Intersection of project horizontally to
The left to get Pn
P M
Design Locate n n
and
Ag h A
Ag project vertically g
M n
down to get
and determine pg
Ag h
obtain
As Pn or Pu Mn or Mu
t

COLUMN INTERACTION DIAGRAM Problem

It was observed that the use of analytical method is very complicated and requires accuracy of
manipulation of algebraic equations. An option is to analyze the column by using the column
interaction diagram.
Interaction diagram is the graph of the axial load capacity and the moment capacity of the column of
the M-P axes. The diagram is very useful for studying the strength of the column with varying Calculate the ultimate axial load capacity of the column section
proportions of the loads and moments. shown if the eccentricity is 200 mm. fc’ = 20.7 MPa, fy = 413.7 MPa.
Pn Solve using the column interaction diagram.
Pn Pure axial load
A B
e Compression Failure 400 mm
Balanced Loading
Pn Compression 75 mm
zone C
4 of 25 mm
Tension Tension failure
Axis of
zone Pure bending Mn bending
D 450 mm
Mn
The diagram is made by plotting the axial load capacity when the moment is zero( point A), then the
balanced loading( point C) and the moment capacity when the axial load is zero( point D). In between 4 of 25 mm
points A and D , the column fail due to axial and bending. Point C the balanced point. In reference to
Point B, the vertical and horizontal dotted line represents the particular load combination of axial load 75 mm
and moment.
 Solution Problem
1. Solve for  ,pg, and e/h Calculate the nominal axial load capacity of the Column shown applied
 ( 25 ) 2
h  450 at
8
Ast 4  600  450 an eccentricity of 400 mm. fc’=20.7 MPa,fy=413.7 MPa.
pg    0 . 016
Ag ( 400 )( 600 ) Reinforcement consist of 16 of 28 mm bars.
  0.75
500 mm
e 200 70 mm
  0.33
h 600
Axis of
bending
2. Locate the intersection of pg and e/h. Project horizontally to the left
360 mm
to obtain Pn P
 8.52MPa Pu  Pn
n

Ag Ag
Pu =8.52Ag = 8.52(400)600 = 2044.8 kN 70 mm

Pn
(MPa)
Ag
50
Interaction Diagram
fc’= 3 ksi ( 20.7 MPa)  ( 28 ) 2 h  360
45 10
fy = 60 ksi ( 413.7 MPa)
h Ast 4
  0.75 pg    0 . 0394  500  360
40 Ag ( 500 )( 500 )
35
  0.72

Since there is no available interaction diagram for   0.72

30 h
Use the interaction diagrams for   0.60 and   0.75
pg=0.08 Pn
0.07 e
25
0.06 With fy = 413.7 MPa and fc’=20.7 MPa and interpolate the values
0.05
20
04
obtained
0.03
15
0.02 e/h = 400/500 = 0.80
0.016
10
0.01 From column interaction diagram for   0.60 f y = 413.7 MPa and
8.2 MPa fc’=20.7 MPa
5 P
M n
 4.6 MPa
n
(MPa) 0
Ag
Ag h 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
 From column interaction diagram for   0.75
f y = 413.7 MPa and fc’=20.7 MPa 50
Interaction Diagram
fc’= 3 ksi ( 20.7 MPa)
P 45 fy = 60 ksi ( 413.7 MPa)
n
 5.8 MPa   0.75
h
Ag 40

Interpolating values P 35

n

Ag 30 h
x  5.8 0.72  .075 Pn
 0.60 4.6 25
e

4.6  5.8 0.60  0.75 0.72 x

20
0.75 5.8 0.039
X = 5.56 MPa
15
P 0.7 Pn
n
 5.56 MPa  5.56 10
Ag (500)(500) 5.8 MPa 5

Pn = 1,985,714 N = 1,985.7 kN 0

Plate # 13: Analysis of eccentric columns using interaction diagram

50
Interaction Diagram
fc’= 3 ksi ( 20.7 MPa)
45 fy = 60 ksi ( 413.7 MPa) Calculate the ultimate axial load capacity of the column section
h
  0.60 shown if the eccentricity is 300 mm. fc’ = 27.57 MPa(4 ksi), fy= 413.MPa(60ksi).
40
Solve using the column interaction diagram.
35

30 h 350 mm
0.08 Pn
0.07 e
25 75 mm
0.06

20
0.05 4 of 25 mm 1ksi =6.8928 MPa
0.039 0.04
Axis of
15 0.03 bending
0.02 400 mm
0.01
10

4.6 MPa 5
4 of 25 mm
0
75 mm
 7 INTERACTION DIAGRAM
fc’ = 4ksi(27.6 MPa)
Calculate the nominal axial load capacity of the colum shown applied at fy = 60 ksi ( 413.7 MPa)
6   0.75
an eccentricity of 400 mm. fc’=27.57 MPa,fy=413.7 MPa.
h
Reinforcement consist of 16 of 22 mm bars. h
0.08
5
0.07

ΦPn/Ag(ksi)
0.06
0.05
4 Pn
450 mm 0.04
e
0.03
70 mm 3 0.02
0.0155
0.01
Axis of
bending
2
330 mm 1.3 ksi
1

70 mm 0
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0
ΦMn/Agh(ksi)

Problem
CE Board May 2000 Determination of steel area
For the spiral column shown, determine the maximum nominal axial load
capacity if the eccentricity is 150 mm. fc’= 27.6 MPa, fy = 413.7 MPa. A rectangular column is as shown in the
Use the column interaction diagram. 1 ksi = 6.8928 MPa
figure. It is acted upon by the following loads: 400 mm
axial load due to dead load = 450 kN 75 mm
 ( 22 ) 2

8 axial load due to live load = 500 kN

A 4
8 of p g  st   0 .0155 Moment due to dead load = 134 kN.m
22 mm
375 mm 500 mm Ag  ( 500 ) 2 Axis of
Moment due to live load = 150 kN.m bending
4 450 mm
h  375 e 150 The column is to be analyzed and designed
 500  375   0.3 by ultimate strength design method.
h 500 Use fc’ = 20.7MPa, fy = 413.7 MPa.
  0.75 75 mm
Determine
P Eccentricity of the column
 1.3ksi  1.3 x 6.8928  8.961MPa
n a)

Ag b) Area of steel bars required

  h  450 Solution
Solution:
 600  450 Ag = Pu/0.5fc’
Pu = 1.4PD + 1.7PL
  0 . 75 Ag = (2000)(1000) /0.5(20.7)
Pu =1.4 (450) + 1.7(500) = 1480 kN
e 300 Ag = 193,237 mm2
  0 . 50 Using a square column
Pn = Pu/Φ h 600
h = 439 mm say 450 mm
Pn = 1480/0.7 P 0.7(2114.28)(1000)
Pn = 2114.28 kN
n
  6.17MPa
Ag (400)(600) Proposed Layout
Mu =1.4MD + 1.7ML M 450 mm
0.7(632.28)(10) 6
Mu =1.4(134)+1.7(150) = 442.6 kN.m n
  3.07MPa 62.5 mm
Mn =Mu/Φ = 442.6/0.7 = 632.28 kN.m Ag h (600)(400)(600)
Intersection of  P n and M n
Eccentricity
Axis of
e= Mn/Pn= 632.28/ 2114.28
e = 0.3 m = 300 mm Ag Ag h bending
325 mm
pg =0.017
Ast =pgAg= 0.017(400)(600)
Ast = 4080 mm2
62.5 mm

Interpolate between   0.60 and   0.75

e = Mu/Pu
Design of Eccentric columns( section & reinforcement) e =190/2000 = 0.095 m = 95 mm Pn =Pu/Ф= 2000/0.7=2,857 kN
e/h = 95/450 = 0.211 ФPn/Ag = 0.7(2857)1000/(450)(450)
 h  325 ФPn/Ag =9.876 MPa/6.8928 = 1.43 ksi
 The size of column can be obtained by assuming an average compressive stress of concrete   0.60
from 0.5fc’ to 0.6 fc’ under the load PU. Design of reinforcement follows the procedure of the  450  325 Intersection of e/h and ФPn/Ag pg =0.018
preceding topic. If value of pg is not reasonable, section maybe revised.
  0 . 722
  0.75
Design a square tied column to carry a factored axial load of 2,000 kN Intersection of e/h and ФPn/Ag pg =0.016
And a factored moment of 190 kN.m. Use 25 mm bars to be placed
uniformly along the faces of the column. Assume fc’=20.7MPa and
fy =413.7 MPa.
 pg
0.60 0.018 As =PgAg
0.722 x As = 0.01637(450)(450)
0.75 0.016 As = 3315 mm2

x  0 . 016 0 . 722  0 . 75

0 . 018  0 . 016 0 . 6  0 . 75

x = pg = 0.01637
 7 INTERACTION DIAGRAM Plate # 14 : Design of eccentric columns by using interaction diagram
fc’ = 3 ksi(20.7 MPa)
fy = 60 ksi ( 413.7 MPa)
6   0.75 h For the spiral column shown, determine the maximum nominal axial load
capacity if the eccentricity is 200 mm. fc’= 27.6 MPa, fy = 413.7 MPa.
5 Use the column interaction diagram. 1 ksi = 6.8928 MPa
ΦPn/Ag(ksi)

h
4 Pn
e 8 of
400 mm 530 mm
3 22 mm

1.43 ksi Design a square tied column to carry a factored axial load of 2,500 kN
1 And a factored moment of 300 kN.m. Use 28mm bars to be placed
uniformly along the faces of the column. Assume fc’=20.7MPa and
0 fy =413.7 MPa.
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0

pg=0.016 ΦMn/Agh(ksi)

7 INTERACTION DIAGRAM
fc’ = 3ksi(20.7 MPa)
fy = 60 ksi ( 413.7 MPa)
6   0.60 h A rectangular column is as shown in the
figure. It is acted upon by the following loads: 450 mm
5 axial load due to dead load = 500 kN 75 mm
axial load due to live load = 600 kN
ΦPn/Ag(ksi)

h
4 Pn Moment due to dead load = 140 kN.m Axis of
e Moment due to live load = 180 kN.m bending
500 mm
3 The column is to be analyzed and designed
by ultimate strength design method.
2 Use fc’ = 20.7MPa, fy = 413.7 MPa.
75 mm
Determine
1.43 ksi
1 a) Eccentricity of the column
b) Area of steel bars required
0
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0
ΦMn/Agh(ksi)
pg=0.018
 Axial Load and Biaxial Bending Problem

In some cases, columns are subject to bending on both axes. This
is the usual case of corner columns where beams or girder frames
into the column from both directions .
ex
 Calculate the permissible axial load capacity Pu of the short tied
column shown shown if ex= 200 mm and ey = 100 mm.
Use fc’ =20.7 MPa, fy = 413.7 MPa

ey 75 mm
My
8 of 28 mm
225 mm 375 mm
Mx

75 mm

75 mm 75 mm
450 mm
600 mm

Solution
Bresler Equation
 ( 28 ) 2
8
Biaxially loaded columns can be analyzed by Bresler’s equation. Ast 4
pg    0 .022
Ag (375 )( 600 )
1 1 1 1
   For eccentricity ex ( bending about the y axis)
Pn Pnx Pny Pno  h  450 P 8.823(600 )(375)
 600  450
n
 1.28ksi Pnx 
Where: Ag 0.7 (1000 )
Pnx = axial load capacity of the column for eccentricity ex with ey =0   0 . 75
Pny = axial load capacity of the column for eccentricity ey with ex =0
e 200 P
Pno = axial load capacity of the column when ex = 0 and ey = 0   0 . 333
n
 8.823MPa Pnx =2836 kN
h 600 Ag
Pno = 0.85fc’Ag + Asfy
 7 INTERACTION DIAGRAM
For eccentricity ey ( bending about the x axis)
fc’ = 3ksi(20.7 MPa)
fy = 60 ksi ( 413.7 MPa)
 h  225 P 6   0.60 h
 1.35ksi 9.305(600 )(375 )
Pny 
n

 375  225 Ag 0.7 (1000 )

  0 . 60 5
P

ΦPn/Ag(ksi)
e 100 n
 9.305MPa Pnx =2991 kN h
  0 . 267 Ag 4 Pn
h 375
e
Pno = 0.85fc’Ag + Asfy = 5,997kN 3

1 1 1 1 Pn = 1,922 kN
   2
Pn Pnx Pny Pno
1.35 ksi
1
1 1 1 1
  
Pn 2,836 2,991 5,997 0
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0
ΦMn/Agh(ksi)

7 INTERACTION DIAGRAM
fc’ = 3 ksi(20.7 MPa)
fy = 60 ksi ( 413.7 MPa)
Using the data of the preceding problem, determine Mux and Muy .
6   0.75 h
Solution
5 Pu  Pn
ΦPn/Ag(ksi)

h
4 Pn Pu  0.7(1922)  1345.4kN
e
3 M ux  Pu ey  1345.4(0.10)  134.54kN.m
2 M uy  Pu ex  1345.4(0.20)  269.08kN.m
1.28ksi
1

ΦMn/Agh(ksi)