RCCR

1. A concrete mix has a specified compressive strength fc’ = 28 MPa.
① Compute the value of the split tensile strength fct for normal concrete.
② Compute the average compressive strength of concrete f cr such that the

standard deviation obtained using more than 30 consecutive test is 3.45 MPa.
③ Compute the average compressive strength fcr such that the records of prior
cylinder test results are not available.
2. A group of 15 tests on a given type of concrete had a mean strength of 25.33

MPa and a standard deviation of 2.91 MPa. Using modification factor of 1.16
for 15 sets. Compute the required compressive strength of the mixture with a
specified strength fc’ = 20.7 MPa.
3. ① A modulus of rupture test uses a 150 mm x 150 mm x 600 mm unreinforced

beam section which resisted a force both 6 kN placed on the middle thirds on
a 0.60 m span length. A third point loading test was used and the fractured
occurred within the middle thirds. Compute the modulus of rupture.
Specified compressive strength of concrete is 30 MPa.
② A 150 mm x 300 mm unreinforced concrete cylinder resisted a transverse

load of 200 kN in a split tensile cylinder test. Determine the concrete tensile
strength or split tensile strength.
③ Determine the average compressive strength of a concrete mix with specified

compressive strength fc’ = 30 MPa such that the standard deviation obtained
using more than 30 consecutive test is 3.40 MPa.
4. In accordance with NSCP specs, strength level of an individual class of concrete

shall be considered satisfactory if both of the following requirements are met.
① Average of all sets of three consecutive strength tests equal or exceeds fc’.
② No individual strength least (average of two cylinders) fails below f c’ by

more than 1.5 MPa.
The required fc’ for a project is 28 MPa. The results of four sets of cylinder
test with 5 samples are as follows:
Set A Set B Set C Set D

Sample #1 24.0 28.5 32.0 21.0
Sample #2 23.5 28.0 30.5 24.5
Sample #3 25.0 32.0 25.0 20.5
Sample #4 35.0 25.0 25.0 22.0
Sample #5 30.5 29.0 28.0 20.0
5. 2010 NSCP specs requires the average compressive strength fcr to be used as the
basis for selection of concrete proportions shall be the larger of equation ① or
② using standard deviations calculated.
Equation ① fc’r = fc’ + 1.34S
Equation ② fc’f = fc’ + 2.33S + 3.5
where:
fc’r = required average compressive strength of concrete
f c’ = specified design strength
S = standard deviation
A batching plant is to provide concrete mix to its clients (contractors) with a

specified strength of 20.7 MPa. The records of 15 consecutive strength test are:
1) 21.08 MPa 6) 23.15 MPa 11) 25.57 MPa
2) 21.43 MPa 7) 24.05 MPa 12) 25.92 MPa
3) 21.77 MPa 8) 24.19 MPa 13) 26.61 MPa
4) 22.46 MPa 9) 24.33 MPa 14) 26.96 MPa
5) 22.81 MPa 10) 25.23 MPa 15) 27.30 MPa

Which of the following gives the required largest strength of the mixture? Use
modification factor of 1.16 for 15 records.
6. CE Board Nov 2007
Description Dimension Quantity

Slab 6 m x 6 m x 0.30 m 8 pcs
Column 1 m x 1 m x 3.5 m 12 pcs
Shear wall 6 m x 3 m x 0.30 m 4 pcs
Beams 1 m x 1.35 m x 6 m 17 pcs
From the NSCP Codes
Frequency of Testing
Samples for strength tests of each class of concrete placed each day shall be
taken not less than once a day, or not less than once for each 120 m3 of concrete,
or not less than once for each 500 m2 of surface area for slabs or walls.
On a given project, if the total volume of concrete is such that the frequency of
testing required by the NSCP would provide less than five strength tests for a
given class of concrete, tests shall be made from at least five randomly selected
batches or from each batch if fewer than five batches are used.
When total quality of a given class of concrete is less than 40 m3 strength tests
are not required when evidence of satisfactory strength is submitted to and
approved by the engineer.
A strength test shall be the average of the strengths of two cylinders made from
the same sample of concrete and tested at 28 days or at test age designated for
determination of f’c.
From the following data:
① Compute the total volume of columns.
② Compute the total area of shear wall.

③ Compute the number of samples to be tested each day.
7. CE Board Nov, 2012
A three-storey building has interior columns spaced 8 m. apart in two

perpendicular directions.
Given design loads:
Roof: DL = 5 kPa LL = 0
Floor: DL = 7 kPa (typical each floor)
LL = 2.4 kPa (3rd floor)
LL = 6.0 kPa (2nd floor)
In accordance with NSCP provisions, reduced floor live load.

4.57
L=LO (0.25+ )
√ A1
Where:
Lo = unreduced live load
A1 = influence area (equal 4 times tributary area for a column)
Based on the tributary area of an interior column.
① What is the total axial load on a column at the second floor due to service
live load?
② What is the total axial load on a column at the ground floor due to service
live load?
③ What is the total dead load on a column at the ground floor level?
8. The following information is submitted for a proposed concrete mix.
Cement:
Specific gravity = 3.15
Wt. of one bag = 40 kg
Fine aggregate:
Fineness modulus = 2.65
Absorption = 3%
Coarse aggregate:
Dry bulk density = 1680 kg/m3
Absorption = 0.7 %
Concrete
Slump = 1.25 mm
Water = 26 liters per bag of cement
Air content = 4%
Cement content = 6.5 bags mix
Coarse aggregate = 0.57 bulk
① What is the dry weight of the coarse aggregate per cu.m. concrete.
② What is the absolute volume of the coarse aggregate per cu.m. of concrete.
③ What is the water-cement ratio?
④ What is the weight of cement per cu.m. of fresh concrete?

⑤ What is the absolute volume of fine aggregate in 1 m3 of fresh concrete?
⑥ What is the absolute volume of cement in 1 m3 of fresh concrete?
⑦ What is the volume of water designed for use in 1 m3 of concrete?
⑧ What is the weight of sand per m3 of fresh concrete?
⑨ What is the unit weight of the concrete mix in kN/m3?
⑩ If the oven-dry weight of the coarse aggregate were 957.6 kg, how much
water would it need to absorb?
9. Roller compacted concrete is ordered using the following parameters.
Water – cement ratio = 0.63
Weight of water = 1100 N/m3
Specific gravity of Portland cement = 3.15
Specific gravity of fly ash = 2.25
Percentage of fly ash in cementitious material = 40%
What is the weight of fly ash per cu.m. of roller compacted concrete?
10. It is required to produce 22 cu.m. of concrete mix with a mixture of 1:2:4 using
40 kg (per bag) of Portland cement having the following properties.
Materials Sp. Gravity Density

Cement 3.10 1506 kg/m3
Sand 2.65 1680 kg/m3
Gravel 2.50 1525 kg/m3
Water 26 liters per bag of cement
Assume one bag of cement per 0.028 m3 of concrete.
① Compute the total volume of concrete per bag of cement.
② Compute the total number of bags of cement needed.
③ Compute the total volume of water needed in liters.
11. A rectangular beam has dimensions of 250 mm by 625 mm with an effective

depth of 575 mm and is reinforced with three 25 mm diameter bars so that A s =
1473 sq.mm. The concrete cylinder strength fc’ = 27.6 MPa and tensile strength
in bending (modulus of rupture) is 3.28 MPa. The yield point of the steel is 414.7
MPa. The beam carries a bending moment of 61 kN-m. E s = 200,000 MPa. Ec =
4700√ f c ' . Use uncracked, transformed section method.
① Compute the concrete compression stress at the top.
② Compute the concrete tension stress at the bottom.
③ Compute the stress in the steel.
12. CE Board May 2012
The concrete area of the pre cast beam shown is 1675 cm 2. If the beam is
reinforced with As = 3 – 25 mm ø bars in the tension zone, find the moment of
inertia of the uncracked transformed section.
Given:
Modular ratio, n = 8
y1 = 304 mm
y2 = 196 mm
y3 = 65 mm
13. CE Board Jan. 2008
A rectangular reinforced concrete beam with a width of 200 mm and an effective

depth of 500 mm is subjected to a service moment of 120 kN-m. The beam is
reinforced with 4 – 25 mm ø bars with a modular ratio n = 8.
① Compute the distance of the neutral axis from the top of the beam.
② Compute the maximum stress of concrete in MPa.
③ Compute the maximum stress of steel in MPa.
Beam DEF is supported by spandrel beams at the exterior edges and by a column
at E. The torsional resistance of beams ADG and CFI are not sufficient to
restrain beam DEF at D and at F.
For all beams, b x h = 300 mm x 450 mm,
For all column section = 400 mm x 400 mm
Dead Load, wU = 6 kN/m (all weights included)
Live Load, wU = 4.6 kN/m

① Which of the following gives the critical negative moment (kN-m) for beam
DEF?
② Which of the following gives the critical positive moment (kN-m) for beam
DEF?
③ Determine the critical shear force (kN) for beam DEF?
15-A. Beam ABC is supported by spandrel beams at the exterior edges and by a
column B.
For beams, b x h = 300 mm x 400 mm
Column = 400 mm x 400 mm
Dead Load = 6 kN/m (all weights included)
Live Load = 4 kN/m

① Determine the moment at end B for beam AB.
② Determine shear force at B for beam BC.
③ Find the positive moment at midspan of beam AB.
A four span beam is supported by columns at B, C, D and E, and is supported by

a spandrel beam at A.
Given:
Loads at ultimate condition:
Dead Load, D = 15 kN/m (beam weight already included)
Live load, (all spans), L = 19 kN/m
Span Lengths
L1 = 6 m
L2 = 7 m
L3 = 6.5 m
L4 = 6.0 m
Dimensions, b = 300 mm
w = 400 mm
① Compute the positive moment (kN-m) at F of span AB.
② Compute the positive moment (kN-m) at N of span CD.
③ Compute the positive moment (kN-m) at J of span DE.
17. Figure shows the cross section of a 150 mm thick one-way slab.
Live load is 4.8 kPa and the floor covering weighs 0.70 kPa.
Average concrete weighs 24 kN/m3.
All beams b x h = 300 mm x 600 mm
L1 = 3.6 m L2 = 3 m L3 = 3 m L4 = 3.6 m
Beams A and E are spandrel beams.

① Compute the positive moment of slab at F.
② Compute the negative moment of the slab at B.
③ If beam B is 6 m. long and is simply supported on brick walls, determine the

moment at the center of beam B.
17-A The figure shows a continuous slab supported on intermediate beams.
Live load = 4.8 kPa
Dead load = 2.4 kPa
Slab thickness = 100 mm
Beam b x h = 450 mm x 400 mm
L1 = 2.7 m
L2 = 3 m
Clear span for moment at B = ½ ( 2.7 + 3 ) = 2.85 m.
Clear span for moment at D = ½ ( 2.7 + 3 ) = 2.85 m.
① Compute the moment of the slab (MBA).
② Compute the shear force at B for slab BA.
③ Compute the total design load for beam C.
18. CE Board Nov. 2012
Given the following data for the floor plan shown in the figure.
Dead load = 3.0 kPa
Live load = 4.8 kPa
Clear span of beams:
L1 = L2 = L3 = 6 m.
Spacing of beams
S2 = 2.5 m.
① Find the maximum positive moment at span FG due to dead load.

② What is the maximum negative moment at span EF due to live load.
③ How much is the maximum shear in span FG due to dead load and live load?
A reinforced concrete beam having a width of 300 mm and an overall depth of

600 mm has a spacing of 2.5 m. on centers supports a slab 100 mm in thickness.
The super imposed dead load = 3 kPa (includes floor finish, ceiling, fixtures . . .
etc). Live load = 4.8 kPa. Columns E and H are omitted such that the girder
BEHK support beams, DEF at E and GHI at H.
① Compute the ultimate load (kN) at E induced by the beam DEF.
② Compute the ultimate load (kN) at H induced by the beam GHI.

③ Compute the maximum positive moment of girder BK assuming full fixity at
B and K. Use FEM = Pab2/L2.
A reinforced concrete beam having a width of 400 mm and an overall depth of

600 mm has a spacing of 3 m. on centers supports a slab 100 mm in thickness.
The super imposed dead load = 3.2 kPa (includes floor finish, ceiling,
fixtures . . . etc). Live load = 3.6 kPa. Columns E and H are omitted such that
the girder BEHK support beams, DEF at E and GHI at H. Unit weight of
concrete is 24 kN/m3. Assume EI to be constant.
① Compute the ultimate uniform load of the beam GHI.
② Compute the maximum shear of beam GHI when H is assumed to be hinged

and G and I are fixed.
③ Compute the maximum positive moment in span GH only, when it is

assumed to be hinged at H and fixed at G.

Figure shows the floor framing plan of a reinforced concrete building. All
beams are 300 mm x 500 mm.
Super imposed dead load = 3 kPa
Live load = 4.8 kPa
Concrete unit weight = 24 kN/m3
The column at E and H are deleted thus girder BEHK alone supports beam DEF
at E and beam GHI at H.
① Calculate the uniformly distributed service dead load at beam DEF.
② Calculate the uniformly service live load at beam DEF.
③ Calculate the total ultimate load concentrated at E induced by beam DEF

using the tributary area method.
When the columns at E and H of the floor framing plan shown are deleted, girder
BEHK becomes a one span fixed ended beam supporting beam DEF at E and
beam GHI at H. The following loads on girder BEHK are as follows:
Concentrated load at E = 266 kN
Concentrated load at H = 266 kN
Uniform load throughout its length = 5 kN/m
① Calculate the resulting shear at B due to the given load.
② Calculate the max. shear at E induced by the concentrated loads.
③ Calculate the max. positive moment due to the uniformly distributed load.
A typical floor framing plan of a reinforced concrete building is shown:

Beam, b x h = 300 mm x 400 mm
Super imposed DL = 2.7 kPa
LL = 4.8 kPa
Live load = 4.8 kPa
The column at E and H are deleted, thus girder BEHK supports beam DEF and
GHI at E and H respectively.
① Calculate the uniformly distributed service dead load on beam GHI.
② Calculate the uniformly distributed service live load on beam GHI.
③ Calculate the concentrated ultimate load at H induced by beam GHI on beam

BEHK. Tributary area method maybe used.
Figure shows a typical floor framing plan of a building. Beams AD, BE and CF
are each 250 mm wide and 300 mm deep below the 100 mm thick slab.
Given:
Super imposed dead load = 1.8 kPa
(includes floor finish, ceiling and fixtures only)
Live load = 4.8 kPa
Find the total ultimate uniformly distributed load on beam BE.
Given. A typical framing plan carries the following loads.
Service loads:
Dead load:
Slab weight including floor finish = 3.6 kPa
Ceiling, electrical, mechanical features = 0.4 kPa
Live load:
LL = 2.9 kPa
Movable partition = 1.0 kPa
All beams, b x h = 300 x 400 mm
Columns at A to J = 400 x 400 mm
Load factors: U = 1.2 DL + 1.6 LL
Unit weight of concrete = 24 kN/m3
Use center to center spacing of beams for load computations only.
① Determine the moment at G for beam GQ.
② Determine the moment at L (kN-m) of beam QL.
③ Determine the shear at Q of beam GQ.
Given: b = 400 mm h = 600 mm
t = 100 mm S = 2.5 m
Super imposed dead load, DL = 3.2 kPa
Live load, LL = 3.6 kPa
Beam DEF is simply supported at D, E, and F.
For 2 spans both loaded, the negative moment of the interior support is wL2/8.
For 1 span loaded, the negative moment at the interior support is wL2/16.
For max. stresses, apply the following:
1. Pattern loading for the load.

2. Ultimate loading combination, U = 1.4 DL + 1.7 LL
① What is the maximum moment (kN-m) at the interior support E of the beam
DEF?
② What is the maximum reaction (kN) at the interior support E?
③ If the loads at ultimate conditions are as follows:
Total DL (wU) = 24 kN/m
LL (wU) = 12.2 kN/m
Find the maximum positive moment (kN-m) at span DE.

26-A CE Board May 2019
Given:
Loads at Service Condition
Dead Load = 5.0 kPa
Live Load = 4.8 kPa
t = 100 mm
b x h = 250 mm x 400 mm
Load factors at Ultimate condition, U = 1.2 DL + 1.6 LL
Beam BEHK is simply supported at joints B, E, H, K.
For max stresses apply pattern loading of the live load.
U = 1.2 DL + 1.6 LL
① Compute the max. negative moment (kN-m).
② Compute the max. shear (kN).
③ Compute the max. reactions (kN) at the support.

26-B CE Board Nov 2019
Beam ABCDE is to be analyzed for maximum forces at ultimate conditions.
The beam is simply supported at A, B, C, D, and E.
Factored loads:
Dead Load = 15 kN/m
Live Load = 19 kN/m
Use live load pattern.
① Which of the following gives the maximum reaction at D?
② Which of the following gives the maximum shear at D?
③ Which of the following gives the maximum moment at D?
26-C CE Board Nov 2016
Given: L1 = 8 m S1 = 2.5 m
L2 = 8 m S2 = 3 m
L3 = 8 m
L4 = 8 m
Total dead load = 4.6 kPa
Live load = 4.8 kPa

The interior beam KLMNO is to be analyzed for the maximum forces at ultimate
condition. U = 1.2 D + 1.6 L
① Which of the following gives the maximum reaction (kN) at L?
② Which of the following gives the least reaction (kN) at O?
③ Find the maximum moment (kN-m) at L.
26-D CE Board Nov 2017
The design uniformly distributed loads for the beams KLMNO and PQRST at
ultimate conditions are as follows:
Dead load: wUDL = 15 kN/m

Live load: wULL = 19 kN/m
Given: S = 2.5 m
t = 100 mm
L=6m
B x h = 300 mm x 450 mm
Width of all beams = 300 mm
Column dimensions = 350 mm x 350 mm
Apply pattern loading of live load.
① What is the maximum moment (kN-m) at the end L of beam LM?
② Calculate the max. shear (kN) in beam KLMNO.
③ Determine the maximum reaction induced by beam KLMNO on its supports.

27. A rectangular beam has a width of 300 mm and an effective depth of 437.50
mm. It is reinforced with 4 – 28 mm ø corrugated bars. fc’ = 41.47 MPa, fy =
434.70 MPa.
① Compute the balanced steel ratio.
② Compute the tension reinforcement index.
③ Compute the nominal moment capacity of the beam.
28. A rectangular concrete beam has a width of 250 mm and a total depth of 450
mm. It is reinforced with a total steel area of 1875 mm2 placed at an effective
depth of 375 mm. fc’ = 27.6 MPa, fy = 414.7 MPa.
① Determine the depth of compression block.
② Determine the moment capacity reduction factor.
③ Determine the factored moment capacity of the beam.
29. A reinforced concrete beam has a width of 300 mm and a total depth of 500 mm.
It has an effective depth of 437.50 mm.
Concrete strength ……… fc’ = 27.6 MPa
Yield strength of steel … fy = 414.7 MPa
① Compute the location of the centroid from the top of the beam.
② Compute the minimum steel area required.
③ Compute the factored moment capacity of the beam.
30. A reinforced concrete beam has a width of 300 mm and an effective depth of 410
mm. The beam is reinforced for tension with a steel area of 3690 mm2.
fc’ = 27.1 MPa, fy = 414.7 MPa

① Compute the actual tensile stress of the reinforcing bars.
② Compute the total compressive force acting on the section.
③ Compute the factored moment capacity of the beam.
It is reinforced with 6 – 28 mm ø bars as indicated in the figure. fc’ = 27.6 MPa,
fy = 414.7 MPa, Es = 200,000 MPa.
① Compute the depth of compression block.
② Compute the stress of steel.
③ Compute the ultimate moment capacity of the beam.
32. A rectangular concrete beam has a simple span of 7.2 m. which carries a dead
load of 23.5 kN/m and a live load of 16 kN/m. It has a width of 400 mm, and a
clear cover of 50 mm. fc’ = 30 MPa, fy = 400 MPa,  = 0.008. Use capacity
reduction factor. ø = 0.90
① Compute the effective depth of beam.
② Compute the number of 25 mm ø bars needed for tension reinforcement.

③ Compute the maximum allowable spacing of the longitudinal bars in one
row.
A rectangular reinforced concrete beam has a width of 250 mm, a total depth of
600 mm, and an effective depth of 500 mm. It is reinforced with 3 – 25 mm ø.
fc’ = 28 MPa, fy = 415 MPa. The beam is carrying a slab 150 mm thick, 5 m.
wide. The beam has a span of 6 m. If the unit weight of concrete is 24 kN/m3.
① Which of the following gives the unfactored dead load acting on the beam?
② Which of the following gives the ultimate moment capacity of the beam>
③ Which of the following gives the unfactored live load that the beam could
support?
A simply reinforced concrete beam reinforced for tension has a width of 300 mm
and a total depth of 600 mm. It is subjected to an external moment Mu = 540
kN-m, fc’ = 28 MPa, fy = 280 MPa, Es = 200 GPa.
① Which of the following gives the balance steel ratio in percent?
② Which of the following gives the depth “a” in terms of “d” in percent using ρ
= ½ ρb?
③ Which of the following gives the minimum effective depth?
A rectangular beam has a width of 300 mm and an effective depth of 460 mm.
The beam is reinforced with 2 - 28 mm ø at the top. fc’ = 35 MPa, fy = 350
MPa.
① Compute the ratio of the depth of compression block to the distance of the
top fiber to the neutral axis.
② Compute the balanced steel ratio of the reinforcement.
③ Compute the max. area of steel permitted.
36. A rectangular beam having a width of 300 mm and an effective depth of 450
mm. It is reinforced with 4 – 36 mm in diameter bars. fc’ = 28 MPa, fy = 270
MPa, Es = 200000 MPa.
① Compute the depth of compression block for a balanced condition.
② Compute the nominal moment capacity of the beam.
③ If the value of fc’ is increased by 25%, compute the percentage of the

increased nominal moment capacity of the beam.
mm. It is reinforced for tension with 4 – 28 mm ø bars. fc’ = 20.7 MPa, fy =
414.6 MPa.
① Determine the percent increase in nominal moment if the depth is increased

to 700 mm.
② Determine the percent increase in nominal moment if fc’ is increased to 27.6

MPa.
③ Determine the percent increase in nominal moment if the steel is changed to

4 – 32 mm ø.
38. A reinforced concrete beam has a width of 300 mm with an effective depth of
575 mm. It is reinforced with 3 – 32 mm ø at the bottom. fc’ = 27.6 MPa, fy =
414 MPa. Balanced steel ratio ρb = 0.0285.

② Determine the moment capacity using moment reduction factor of 0.90.
③ Determine the super-imposed uniform live load it could carry in kPa besides
a dead load of 20 kN/m including its own weight if it has a simple span of 6
m and a spacing of 1.8 m.
39. A fixed ended rectangular beam must support a uniform service dead and live
loads of 220 kN/m and 182.6 kN/m respectively. It has a span of 6m. f c’ = 27.6
MPa, fy = 414.7 MPa, ρb = 0.028.
① Effective depth of the beam using ω = 0.18.
② Compute the flexural reinforcements at the support.
③ Compute for the flexural reinforcements at the midspan.
mm. It is reinforced with a total steel area of 1875 mm 2 placed at an effective
depth of 375 mm. fc’ = 27.6 MPa, fy = 414.7 MPa.
② Determine the moment capacity reduction factor.
③ Determine the safe live load that the beam could carry in addition to a dead
load of 20 kN/m if it has a span of 6 m.
41. Architectural considerations limit the height of a 6 m. long simple span beam to
400 mm and width of 300 mm. The following loads are material properties are
given: Use 62.5 mm ø as covering from center of reinforcing bars.
DL = 10.5 kN/m LL = 22 kN/m
fc’ = 34.6 MPa fy = 414.7 MPa.
① Determine the factored moment carried by the beam.

② Determine the approximate flexural resistance factor. Assume ø = 0.90.
③ Determine the number of 32 mm ø bars needed for the beam.
42. A reinforced rectangular concrete beam has a width of 250 mm and an effective
depth of 360 mm. It is reinforced for tension only at the bottom with a total
tension steel area of 600 mm2. fc’ = 40 MPa, fy = 400 MPa.
① Determine the tension reinforcement index for this beam.
② Determine the distance of the neutral axis below the compression surface.
③ Determine the ultimate flexural strength of the beam.
43. A rectangular beam has a width of 280 mm and an effective depth of 500 mm. It
is reinforced with 4 – 36 mm ø bars at the tension side of the beam placed 65
mm above the bottom of the beam.
① Which of the following will give the location of the neutral axis from the top
of the beam?
② Which of the following give the stress of steel?
③ Which of the following will give the ultimate capacity of the beam?
44. A rectangular beam has a width of 280 mm and an effective depth of 500 mm
and is reinforced with steel area in tension equal to 4000 mm2. fc’ = 25 MPa, fy =
400 MPa.
① Compute the depth of compression stress block.
② Compute the ultimate moment capacity of the beam.
③ What is the correct description of the beam?
a) Under reinforced
b) Over reinforced
c) Balanced condition
d) Reduction in depth of compression zone results in decrease in steel strain
at failure.
45. A beam has a width of 300 mm and an effective depth of 500 mm. f c’= 28 MPa,
fy = 414 MPa, Es = 200,000 MPa
① Determine the depth of compression block for a balanced condition.
② Determine the balanced steel area required.
③ Determine the moment capacity for maximum steel area in a balanced

condition.
46. The width of a rectangular beam is 300 mm. The depth of compression block for
a balanced condition is 255 mm. fc’= 28 MPa, fy =414 MPa, Es = 200,000 MPa.
Use 70 mm as steel covering. Unit weight of concrete is 24kN/m3.
① Determine the total depth of the beam for a balanced condition.
② Determine the total area of reinforcement for a balanced condition.
③ Determine the factored support imposed uniform load that a 6-m. simple
span beam could support for a balanced condition.
mm. The compression strength of concrete is 28 MPa and the yield strength of
steel is fy = 415 MPa.
② Determine the steel area required for a balanced condition.
③ Determine the ultimate moment capacity to ensure that concrete fails in a

ductile manner.
48. A rectangular reinforced concrete beam has a width b = 300 mm and an effective
depth d = 400 mm. If fc’ = 28 MPa, fy = 280 MPa, Es = 200,000 MPa.
① Which of the following gives the nearest value of the distance of the N.A.
from the top of the beam so that the strain in concrete c = 0.003 will be
attained at the same time with the yield strain of steel y?
② Which of the following gives the nearest value of the total compressive force
of concrete?
③ Which of the following gives the nearest value of the balanced steel ratio?
49. The beam has a cross section as shown in the figure. It carries an ultimate
moment of 156 kN.m. Using fc’= 20.7 MPa, fy = 414 MPa, Es = 200,000 MPa.
① Compute the location of the neutral axis measured from the top of the beam.
② Compute the number of 20 mm ø bars needed.
③ Compute the actual strain of the steel reinforcements used.
50. A symmetrical cross-section of a reinforced concrete shown has a value of f c’ =

24.13 MPa, fy = 482.7 MPa, Es = 200,000 MPa.
① Which of the following gives the location of neutral axis from the top of the
beam for a balance condition?
② Which of the following gives the balanced steel area Asb?
③ Which of the following gives the max. area permitted by the code?
51. The hallow box beam in the figure must carry a factored moment of 540 kN.m.
fc’= 28 MPa, fy = 345 MPa, Es = 200,000 MPa.
① Which of the following gives the location of neutral axis from the top of the
beam for a balance condition?
② Which of the following gives the balanced steel area Asb?
③ Which of the following gives the max. area permitted by the code?
52. A triangular beam having a base width of 300 mm. has a total depth of 600 mm.
It is reinforced with 3 – 12 mm ø bars placed at 70 mm above the bottom of the
beam. fc’ = 20.7 MPa, fy = 414 MPa, Es = 200,000 MPa.
① Compute the neutral axis of the beam from the apex of the section.
② Compute the ultimate strength capacity of the beam.
③ What would be the steel area required for a balanced condition?
53. A triangular beam has an effective depth of 687.50 mm and a base of 750 mm.
The beam carries an ultimate moment of 197 kN.m. f c’ = 27.5 MPa, fy = 414
MPa.
① Compute the neutral axis of the beam
② Compute the value of total compressive force of concrete.
③ Compute the streel area required.
54. The beam has a cross section shown in the figure. fc’ = 20.7 MPa, fy = 414.7
MPa.
① Compute the minimum steel area permitted by the NSCP Specs.

② Compute the flexural design strength øMn if it is reinforced with minimum
steel area.
③ Compute the maximum area of flexural steel that can be used in reinforced
the section.
55. Each leg of the cross section is reinforced with a 28 mm ø bar.
Use: f c’ = 24.8 MPa
fy = 414.7 MPa
① Determine the neutral axis of the section from the top of the beam.
② Determine the flexural capacity of the cross section.
③ Determine the strain in the steel at failure.
56. CE BOARD MAY 2010
A 12 m simply supported beam is provided by an additional support at midspan.

The beam has a width of b = 300 mm and a total depth h = 450 mm. It is
reinforced with 4 – 25 mm ø at the tension side and 2 – 25 mm ø at the
compression side with 70 mm cover to centroid of reinforcement. fc’= 30 MPa,
fy = 415 MPa. Use
① Determine the depth of the rectangular stress block.
② Determine the nominal bending moment, Mn.
③ Determine the total factored uniform load including the beam weight
considering moment capacity reduction of 0.90.
57. A rectangular beam has a width of 300 mm and an effective depth of 537.50 mm
to the centroid of tension steel bars. Tension reinforcement consists of 6 – 28
mm ø in two rows, compression reinforcement consists of 2 – 22 mm ø. fc’=
27.6 MPa, fy = 414.7 MPa. Assume steel covering is 60 mm for compression
bars.
② Compute the factored moment capacity of beam.
③ Compute the maximum total tension steel allowed by specifications.
58. A doubly reinforced concrete beam has a max. effective depth of 630 mm and is
subjected to a total factored moment of 1062 kN.m including its own weight.
fc’= 27.58 MPa, fy = 413.4 MPa. Use 62.5 mm steel covering.
① Determine the width of the beam.
② Determine the reinforcement for compression.
③ Determine the total reinforcement for tension.
59. A rectangular beam has a width of 300 mm and an effective depth to the centroid
of the tension reinforcement of 600 mm. The tension reinforcement has an area
of 4762 mm2 and the area of compression reinforcement placed 62.50 mm from
the compression face to the beam is 987.5 mm2. fc’= 34.56 MPa, fy = 414.6
MPa. Balanced steel ratio is 0.034. Assume that steel yields.

② Determine the design strength using 0.90 as the reduction factor.
③ Determine the concentrated live loads at the midspan in addition to a dead

load of 20 kN/m including the weight of the beam if it has a span of 6 m.
Steel covering for both tension and compression bars is 75 mm. Area of
compression bars is 1290 mm2 while that of tension bars is 6529 mm2. fc’ = 27.6
MPa, fy = 414.6 MPa.
① Determine location of neutral axis
② Determine total compressive force of concrete.
③ Determine ultimate moment capacity of the beam.
61. A rectangular concrete beam has a width of 350 mm and a total of 675 mm. It is
reinforced for tension at the bottom with 4 - 36 mm ø bars at an effective depth
of 537.5 mm and two 28 mm ø bars at the top place at 62.5 mm from the top of
the beam. fc’ = 20.7 MPa, fy = 414.60 MPa.
① Determine the minimum tensile steel ratio that will ensure yielding of the
compression steel at failure.
② Determine the total compressive force of concrete.
③ Determine the design moment capacity of beam.
62. CE Board Nov. 2016, Nov. 2012
A simply supported beam is reinforced with 4 – 28 mm ø at the bottom and 2 –

28 mm ø at the top of the beam. Steel covering to centroid of reinforcement is
70 mm at the top and bottom of the beam. The beam has a total depth of 400
mm and a width of 300 mm. f c’ = 30 MPa, fy = 415 MPa. Balanced Steel ration
ρb = 0.031.
② Determine the design strength using 0.90 as the reduction factor.
③ Determine the live load at the mid-span in addition to a DL = 20 kN/m

including the weight of the beam if it has a span of 6 m.
63. A reinforced concrete beam has a width of 350 mm and an effective depth of
562.5 mm. It is reinforced for tension at the bottom of the section having total
area of 4896 mm2 and for compression at the top of the beam 62.5 mm below the
extreme compression fiber of the beam, having an area of 1530 mm 2. fc’ = 34.6
MPa; fy = 414.7 MPa.
② Determine the ultimate moment capacity.
③ Determine the maximum total tension area that could be used in this section.
64. A rectangular concrete beam has a width of 375 mm and an effective depth of
500mm. Compression bars has an area of 1968 mm 2 located 100 mm from the
compression face of the beam. The tension bars has an area of 4744 mm 2. fc’ =
27.6 MPa, fy = 414.6 MPa.
① Determine the depth of the compression block.
② Determine the max. steel ratio.
③ Determine the ultimate moment capacity of the beam.
65. A rectangular beam has a width of 300 mm and an effective depth to the centroid
of the tension reinforcement of 600 mm. The tension reinforcement consists of 6
– 32 mm ø in two rows. Compression reinforcement consisting of two 25 mm ø
bars placed in two rows. Compression reinforcement consisting of two 25 mm ø
bars is placed 62.5 mm from the compression face of the beam. f c’ = 34.6 MPa,
fy = 414.7 MPa.
② Determine the maximum steel ratio,
③ Determine the design moment capacity of the beam.
66. A rectangular beam reinforced for both tension and compression bars has an area
of 1250 mm2 for compression bars and 4032 mm² for tension bars. The tension
bars are placed at a distance of 75 mm from the bottom of the beam while the
compression bars are placed 62.5 mm from the top the beam. fc’= 20 MPa, fy =
416.6 MPa. Width of the beam is 350 mm with a total depth of 675 mm.
② Determine the ultimate moment capacity of the beam.
③ Determine the safe live concentrated load that the beam could support at its
mid-span if it has a span of 6 m. Assume weight of concrete to be 23.5
kN/m3.
67. A two-span beam is supported by spandrel beams at the outer edges and by a
column at the center beam AB has a clear span of 8 m. and that of BC has a clear
span of 9 m. The beam carries a factored dead load of 15 kN/m and a live load
of 20 kN/m.
① Determine the factored moment at D.

② Determine the effective depth of beam ABC if it has a width of 300 mm and
a flexural resistance factor of 3.51. Assume a capacity reduction factor of
0.90.
③ Determine the total reaction at B.
68. A beam carries an ultimate moment of 204 kN-m. fc’ = 20.68 MPa, fy = 413.7
MPa. Use 62.5 mm as steel covering measured from the bottom of beam to the
centroid of steel reinforcement.
① Compute the balanced steel ratio.
② Compute the cross section of the beam.
③ Compute the number of 25 mm ø bars needed by the beam.
A reinforced concrete beam has a simple span of 4.5 m and carries a dead load of
20 kN/m and live load of 35 kN/m. Steel covering is 75 mm. Using fc’= 28
MPa and fy = 415 MPa.
① Which of the following gives the nearest value of the maximum moment due
to the factored loads.
② Which of the following gives the nearest value of the least dimensions of the
beam using the maximum allowable reinforcement ratio.
③ Which of the following gives the maximum area of steel.
70. A reinforced rectangular beam has a width of 300 mm having a simple span of 6
m. It carries the following moments:
Dead load moment (including its own weight) = 100 kN-m
Live load moment = 140 kN-m

Moment due to effect of earthquake = 189 kN-m
fc’ = 20.7 MPa fy = 414 MPa
① Compute the factor design moment.
② Compute the effective depth of the beam.
③ Compute the number of 28 mm bars needed for the reinforcement.
Girder AB is subjected to torsional moment in addition to the flexural moment

and shear from the heavy loads at the cantilever frames. From analysis, the
following factored design forces result: Mu = 440 kN-m, Vu = 280 kN, Tu =
180 kN-m, width of beam; ‘b’ = 400 mm, total depth of beam, ‘h’ = 500 mm, fc’
= 20.7 MPa, fy = 275 MPa, fyl = 415 MPa, concrete cover to the centroid of
tension steel = 65 mm, steel ratio at balanced condition, pb = 0.02, allowable
concrete shear stress = 0.76 MPa, lateral ties are 12 mm diameter.
① Determine the depth of compression block required for factored moment if it
is reinforced for tension only at the bottom.
② Determine the tension reinforcement required for factored moment, Mu.
③ Determine the strain of the tension steel at the bottom due to factored
moment, Mu.
mm. It is reinforced for compression having a steel area As’ = 1250 mm 2 with a
steel covering of 62.5 mm measured from the center of the steel reinforcement to
the top most fibers of the beam. fc’= 20.68 MPa, fy = 400 MPa, Es = 200 000
MPa.
② Determine the area of balanced steel Asb for the given cross section.
③ Determine the maximum area of flexural steel in tension permitted in the
given cross section as required by the NSCP Specifications.
73. A rectangular beam has a width of 300 mm and an effective depth of 600 mm. It
is reinforced for compression at the top with two 25 mm ø bars placed at 62.5
mm from the compression face of the beam, fc’ = 34.6 MPa, fy = 414.6 MPa.
① Determine the balanced steel ratio of the beam.
② Determine the depth of the compression block for a balanced condition.
③ Determine the resisting moment using the max. steel required for a balanced
condition.
74. A doubly reinforced concrete beam section has an effective depth = 625 mm and
a width of 350 mm. It is reinforced with a compression bar at the top having an
area of 1500 mm2 and 4970 mm2 tension bars at the bottom with a steel covering
of 62.5 mm both on top and bottom bars. Balanced steel ratio pb = 0.0285, fc’ =
27.58 MPa, fy = 413.4 MPa.
③ Determine the safe concentrated live load that the beam could carry at its
midspan if it has a super imposed dead load of 30 kN/m including its own
weight on a span of 6 m.
mm and a total depth of 520 mm. It is reinforced with a maximum area of steel
in tension of 5366 mm2 at the bottom and As' at the top located 65 mm from the
maximum compression fiber. Assume that the contribution of the compression
steel may not be neglected and that compression steel yields. If fc’ = 34.5 MPa,
fy = 345 MPa.
① Determine the required As' for a balanced steel ratio of 0.053.

③ Determine the safe uniform live load it could support if it has a span of 6 m.
76. A 200 mm thick one way reinforced concrete slab overhangs a simple support.
The span of the overhang is 2.4 m. Drawings called for the reinforcement to be
placed with top cover of 25 mm. The steel was misplaced, however, and later
was found to be as much as 87.50 mm below the top of the concrete. fc’= 27.6
MPa, fy = 414.6 MPa. Reinforcing bars is 22 mm ø spaced at 275 mm o.c.
① Find the ø Mn for the slab as designed.
② Find the ø Mn for the slab as built.
③ Find the percent of reduction in flexural strength.
77. The one-way slab has a thickness of 200 mm. It is reinforced with 25mm ø bars
spaced at 150 mm on center. Clear covering is 18.75 mm. f'c = 20.7 MPa, fy =
276.5 MPa. Weight of concrete is 24 kN/m 3. Span of slab is 3.6 m center to
center support.
② Determine the ø Mn of the slab shown.
③ Compute the service live load in kPa that the slab can carry assuming that the
only dead load is the weight of the slab.
78. A simply supported one way reinforced concrete floor slab has a span of 3 m. It
carries a uniform service live load of 8.4 kPa and a service dead load of 1.2 kPa.
f'c = 20.7 MPa, fy = 414.6 MPa. Use steel covering of 25 mm measure from
center of bars.
① Determine the spacing of 16 mm ø main bars of the slab for minimum

thickness as specified by the NSCP.
② Determine the spacing of 12 mm ø shrinkage and temperature bars for
minimum thickness of slab.
③ Determine the spacing of the 16 mm ø main bars of the thinnest possible slab
allowed by the NSCP.
78-A. CE Board May 2019, Nov 2019
The figure shows a one-way slab having a total depth of 200 mm with a 25 mm
clear covering at the bottom. The steel reinforcement is 20 mm diameter.
Spacing of steel reinforcement is 125mm on centers, f c’ =30 MPa, fy = 400 MPa.
Considering I m. width of slab. Determine the moment capacity of a strip of
slab.
Given:
Total ultimate load = 12 kN/m
Slab thickness t = 100 mm
Slab reinforcement = 10 mm ø
Concrete, fc’ = 20.7 MPa
Reinforcement steel fy = 275 MPa
Clear concrete cover to slab reinforcement = 20 mm

Dimensions:
Column = 0.30 x 0.30 m
S = 2.8 m.
L1 = L2 = L3 = 6 m.
① What is the design positive moment (kN-m) at the interior span bounded by
F-G-K-I?
② What is the required spacing (mm) of 10 mm ø bars for the negative moment
at the interior beam support FG?
③ What is the maximum spacing (mm) of 10 mm ø bars at panel F-G-K-I as

prescribed by design codes?
79-A. CE Board May 2014
From the given floor plan, the following data are obtained:
DL = 4.8 kPa (weight of slab included)
LL = 2.9 kPa
U = 1.4 DL + 1.7 LL
Dimensions and stresses,
Beam, b x h = 300 x 400 mm
Clear concrete cover to slab reinforcement = 20 mm
Slab reinforcement = 10 mm ø
Slab thickness = 100mm
S = 2.8 m
L = 6.0 m
① Determine the ultimate negative moment on the slab at the span bounded by
FGJK.
② Determine the ultimate positive moment on the slab at the span bounded by
FGJK.
③ Determine the maximum spacing of the 10 mm ø bars as prescribed by

design codes.
79-A. The stairs shown in the figure is spanning longitudinally and set into pockets in
the two-supporting beam. The effective horizontal span is 3 m. and the rise of
the stair is 1.5 m with 260 mm treads and 150 mm risers. The live load is 3 kPa.
fc’ = 30 MPa, fy = 250 MPa. Assume the span to be simply supported. Assume
weight of concrete to be 23.5 kN/m3.
① Determine the required effective depth of the slab as specified by NSCP.
② Determine the spacing of the 16 mm ø main reinforcing bars.
③ Determine the spacing of the 10 mm ø temperature bars.
80. The floor system shown consists of solid slab and beams in two directions
supported on 500 x 500 mm square columns.
fc’ = 20.7 MPa, fy = 414.6 MPa.

① Compute for the effective width of flange of section A-A and B-B if the
thickness of the interior slab is 160 mm.
② Determine the average ratio of flexural stiffness of beam section to the

flexural stiffness of a width of slab bounded by centerline of adjacent panel
on each side of beam if the thickness of interior slab is 160 mm.
③ Compute the minimum thickness of the slab with beams spanning between
supports on all sides.
81. A typical interior flat plate panel is shown in the figure. The floor system
consists of 4 panels in each direction with a panel size of 7.3 m by 6 m. All
panels are supported by 500 mm x 500 mm columns 3.6 m. long. The slab
without beams carries a service live load of 3.84 kPa and a service dead load that
consists of 1.15 kPa of floor finish in addition to the slab weight. Unit weight of
concrete is 24 kN/m3, fy = 414.7 MPa. Use Direct Design Method.
① Compute the total factored uniform load in kPa.
② Determine the total static moment in the long direction.
③ Determine the total static moment in the long direction.
82. A typical interior flat plate panel is shown on the figure. The floor system
consists of four panels in each direction with a panel size of 7.3 m by 6 m. All
panels are supported by 500 mm x 500 mm columns 3.6 long. The slab carries a
uniform service live load of 3.84 kPa and a service dead load that consists of
1.15 kPa of floor finish in addition to the slab weight. Unit weight of concrete is
24 kN/m3, fy = 414.7 MPa.
① Determine the spacing of 16 mm ø bars at the column strip in the long

direction with a static moment of Mo = 485.52 kN-m.
② Determine the spacing of 12 mm ø bars at the middle strip in the long

③ Determine the spacing of 16 mm ø bars at the column strip in the short

④ Determine the spacing of 12 mm ø bars at the middle strip in the short


A two-way reinforced concrete building floor system is composed of slab panels
measuring 6.1 m x 7.6 m. in plan supported by shallow column-line beams cast
monolithically with the slab as shown. Thickness of slab is 180 mm. The
typical interior panel carries a service live load of 6000 Pa in addition to self-
weight of the floor. Assume unit weight of concrete to be 24 kN/m 3. Beam BC
has a dimension of 360 x 510 mm. Using Direct Design method. Assuming f'c =
21 MPa and fy = 414 MPa.
① Which of the following gives the ultimate uniform load acting on the slab in
kPa.
② Which of the following gives the total static design moment for beam BC.
③ Which of the following gives the max. negative moment for beam BC.
84. A three-story building has a floor system of a reinforced concrete flat-plate

construction with no edge beam. The dimensions of the end panels as well as the
size of column are shown. The flat-plate carries a live load of 2.39 kPa and the
building is not subject to earthquake. Consider flooring weight to be 0.48 kPa in
addition to the floor self-weight. Unit weight of concrete is 24 kN/m 3. fc’ =
27.6 MPa, fy = 414 MPa.
① Compute the statical moment in the East-West direction of an end panel of a

flat plate without edge beams.
② Compute the negative moment at the first interior support and exterior
support in the East-West direction of an end panel of a flat plate without edge
beams.
③ Compute the positive moment at the mid span in the East-West direction of
an end panel of a flat plate without edge beams.
85. An office building is planned using a flat plate floor system with the column
layout as shown in figure. No beams, dropped panels, or column capitals are
permitted. Specified live load is 4.8 kPa and dead load will include the weight
of the slab plus an allowance of 0.96 kPa for finish floor plus suspended loads.
The columns will be 450 mm square and the floor-to-floor height of the structure
will be 3.6 m. fc’ = 27.6 MPa, fy = 414.7 MPa. Wt. of concrete is 23,5 kN/m3.
① Compute the minimum thickness of the flat plate for the exterior panel D.
② Compute the factored design loads in kPa.
③ Compute the total loading on panel D to obtain max positive and negative
moment of panel D.
86. An interior T-beam in a floor system has a clear span of 5.4 m. Web thickness
of beam is 300 mm. Find the effective width of flange “D” if it has a slab of
thickness of 125 mm as shown.
87. An exterior beam of a floor system having an effective depth of 600 mm has a
web thickness of 300 mm. The beam has a spacing of 2.4 m on centers.
Thickness of slab is 100 mm. Determine the effective width of the flange of the
end beam or L-beam having a span of 6 m.
A T-beam for a floor system has a slab thickness of 100 mm and a total depth of
550 mm. It has a web thickness of 300 mm. The T-beam is cast monolithically
with the slab. The beam has a simple span of 6 m. with a spacing of 2.4 m.
center to center. The beam carries a live load moment of 184 kN-m and a dead
load moment of 84 kN-m. fc’ = 20.7 MPa, fy = 413.7 MPa. Assume steel
covering of 65 mm.
① Determine the effective width of flange.
② Determine the depth of compression block.
③ Determine the steel area required for tension only.
A reinforced concrete T-beam has an effective depth of 600 mm and is

reinforced with 8 – 28 mm ø bars. The web width is 300 mm and has a flange
thickness of 90 mm. The beam has a span of 5.8 m and has a spacing center to
center equal to 1.5 m. fc’ = 21 MPa and fy = 415 MPa.
① Which of the following gives the effective width of the flange?
② Which of the following gives the depth of the compression block?
③ Which of the following gives the nominal moment capacity of the beam?
90. A T-beam for a floor system has a slab thickness of 75 mm and a web thickness
of 375 mm. It has an effective depth of 600 mm. The beam carries a dead load
moment of 270 kN-m and a live load moment of 523 kN-m. It has a span of 5.4
m and a spacing center to center of 1.8 m. The reduction factor ø = 0.90.
① Determine the effective width of the flange.
② Determine the depth of the compression block.
③ Determine the ratio of the actual steel ratio to the max. steel ratio required by
the NSCP specs.
91. A reinforced concrete T-beam has an effective depth of 600 mm and has a
reinforcement area of 4926 mm2 at the bottom. The beam has a width of 300
mm and the slab thickness is 100 mm. The beam has a width of 6 m and has a
spacing of 1.8 m center to center of the beam. fc’ = 20.7 MPa, fy = 414.6 MPa.
① Determine the effective width of the flange.
② Determine the depth of compression block.
③ Determine the ultimate moment capacity of the beam.
92. A T-beam is composed of a flange 700 mm wide and 150 mm deep poured
monolithically with a web of 250 mm width which extends 600 mm below the
bottom surface of the flange to produce a beam of 750 mm in total depth with an
effective depth of 650 mm. Stress of steel f y = 414 MPa. Concrete has a
strength of fc’ = 20.7 MPa.
① Determine the balanced steel ratio for the T-beam section.
② Determine the depth of compression block for a balanced condition.
③ Determine the max. steel area required for a balanced condition.
93. The isolated T beam shown is composed of a flange 700 mm wide and 150 mm
deep cast monolithically with a web of 250 mm width that extends 600 mm
below the bottom surface of the flange to produce a beam of 750 mm depth.
Tensile reinforcement consists of 6 – 32 mm ø bars placed in two horizontal
rows. The centroid of the bar group is 650 mm from the top of the beam. It has
been determined that the concrete has a strength of 20.7 MPa and the yield stress
of steel is 414.7 MPa.
① Determine the depth of the compression block.
② Determine the maximum steel ratio.
③ Determine the design moment capacity of the beam.
94. A T-section has a flange width of 750 mm, thickness of flange is 50 mm.
Effective depth is 750 mm with a width of web section of 350 mm. The beam is
subjected to a factored moment Mu = 816 kN-m.
fc’ = 20.7 MPa, fy = 276.5 MPa.
① Compute the nominal moment capacity of the overhanging portion of the

section.
② Compute the depth of compression block.
③ Compute the area of reinforcement needed for the T-section.
The typical 1-section shown results from the monolithic construction of the slab
and the supporting beams.
Effective large width bl = 1250 mm
Slab thickness t = 120 mm
Web width bw = 350 mm
Total depth below the slab h = 480 mm
Top reinforcement 3 – 25 mm ø
Bottom reinforcement 5 – 25 mm ø
fc’ = 20.7 MPa fy = 415 MPa
Concrete cover to the centroid of reinforcement s = 70 mm
Balanced steel ratio b = 0.021
Using the strength design method.
① Determine the nominal bending strength for positive moment.
② Find the nominal bending strength for negative moment.
③ What is the resulting shear stress in the beam if it is subjected to a factored

shear force Vu = 180 kN.
96. The simple span T-beam is part of a floor system of span length 6 m. and beam
spacing 1125 mm on centers. The bars are placed with 25 mm clear space
between layers. It is reinforced with 10 – 28 mm ø bars placed in two rows. The
width of web section is 600 mm with a total depth of 1000 mm. Slab thickness
is 162.5 mm. Diameter of stirrups is 10 mm ø. Use 40 mm clear cover for
reinforcements. fc' = 20.7 MPa, fy = 414.6 MPa.
② Compute the practical moment strength ø Mo.
③ How much steel would be required in this beam cross section to make the
compressive steel block just completely cover the flange?
97. A T section has a flange thickness of 125 mm with an effective depth of 437.5
mm. The width of the stem is 400 mm. The beam carries a negative moment of
610 kN-m. fc’ = 27.6 MPa, fy = 414.6 MPa. Balanced steel ratio is 0.0285. Use
steel covering for both top and bottom bars is 62.5 mm.
① Determine the max. moment capacity of the section as singly reinforced.
② Determine the total area needed for tension.
③ Determine the steel area needed for compression if the max. moment
capacity of the beam is not sufficient. Assume steel in compression will
yield.
98. A reinforced concrete T-beam has a span of 9 m. It has an effective width in a

floor slab system of 750 mm. The slab system is fixed at both ends. Thickness
of slab is 100 mm. The beam is reinforced as shown in the figure. Diameter of
stirrups used is 10 mm placed at a spacing of 150 mm on centers throughout the
beam. fc’ = 20.7 MPa, fy = 415 MPa.
① Determine the location of the neutral axis from the top fibers of concrete for
section A – A.
② Determine the stress in the compression steel at the negative moment at

section A – A.
③ Determine the max. uniform factored load that the beam can sustained as
governed by the flexural capacity of section A – A.
As shown in the figure, beam DEF is reinforced as follows:
Main reinforcement at supports:
Top bars 5 – 20 mm ø
Bottom bars 3 – 20 mm ø
Main reinforcement at midspan:
Top bars 3 – 20 mm ø
Bottom bars 3 – 20 mm ø
Lateral ties 10 mm ø
Material strength:
Concrete fc’ = 27.5 MPa
Steel fy = 415 MPa (main bars)
Steel fy = 275 MPa (lateral ties)
Dimensions:
Beam 350 x 400 mm
Slab thickness 100 mm
Column section 350 x 350 mm
Clear concrete cover 50 mm
① Find the ultimate load, Wu which beam DEF can support based on its flexural
reinforcement at supports. Balanced steel ratio b = 0.028.
② Find the factored moment capacity Mu, of the beam DEF at midspan.
③ Find the nominal shear Vn at end of span EF if Wu = 60 kN/m.
100. The mid-span section of the edge of a spandrel beam is shown. It is reinforced
with a total steel area of 5000 mm 2 at the bottom of the beam. The spandrel
beam has a clear span of 10 m. and a width of web of 350 mm. Effective depth
of the spandrel beam is 562.5 mm with a total depth of 650 mm. f c’ = 20.7 MPa,
fy = 414.7 MPa, b = 0.0214.
① Compute the effective width of the flange.

② Compute the depth of compression block.
③ Determine the nominal moment capacity of spandrel beam.
101. An interior rib of a concrete joist floor has a slab thickness of 50 mm. It has a
span of 6 m. It carries a dead load (excluding its own weight) of 0.48 kPa and a
live load of 3.8 kPa. The ribs of the concrete floor joist has a clear spacing of
500 mm. The ribs of the concrete floor joist has a total depth of 300 mm
measured from the top of the slab. The width of each rib is 100 mm. Weight of
concrete is 23.5 kN/m3 with fc’ = 20.7 MPa and fy = 276.5 MPa.
① Compute the design moment of a typical rib.
② Compute the steel area, As required by each rib.
③ Compute the allowable shear strength of the rib and the ultimate shear at a
distance “d” from the support.
A concrete beam has a width of 100 mm and a total depth of 600 mm. It has a
total span of 6 m.
Concrete yield stress, fc’ = 27.5 MPa
Steel yield stress, fy = 413 MPa
Modulus of elasticity of concrete = 250000 MPa
Fr = 0.62  √ fc ' . Use  = 1.0
 = 1.0 for normal weight concrete
 = 0.85 for sand lightweight concrete
 = 0.75 for all lightweight concrete

① Determine the cracking moment of the beam.
② Determine the moment of inertia of a cracked transform section if it is

reinforced with 4 – 25 mm ø with a covering of 70 mm.
③ Find the instantaneous deflection of the beam if Ma = Mcr

I effective=¿
and carries a uniform load of 13 kN/m
Note:
M cr
① When M > 3. Use Ie = Icr
a
Ma
② When M < 1 . Use Ie = Ig
cr
Ma
② When M > 1 but less than 3. Use Ie = Ie
cr
101-A Given a rectangular beam b x h = 300 mm by 600 mm, it is reinforced by 4 –

25 mm ø bars with concrete cover to the center of the bar equal to 70 mm.
Concrete yield stress, fy = 415 MPa
Modulus of elasticity of concrete, Ec = 4700√ f c '

DL = 30 kN/m LL = 20 kN/m
It has a simple span of 6 m.
① Compute the moment of inertia of a crack transform section.
② Find the instantaneous deflection of the beam.
③ Compute the total deflection after one year if it has a time dependent factor
of 1.4 due to 30% sustained live load.
101-B Determine the moment of inertia of uncracked section of transformed area of

the given beam which is reinforced by 3 – 32 mm ø at the bottom.
Modular ratio, n = 9.52.
101-C The deflection of a beam in continuous beams can be calculated by considering

the beam to be simply supported with applied loads and the end bending
moments from the frame analysis superimposed thereon.
Given: Span of beam: 6 m
Concrete strength, fc’ = 27.6 MPa
Unit wt. of concrete = 24 kN/m3
Area of steel at the bottom of the beam = 1935 mm2

Modulus of elasticity of steel, Es = 200,000 MPa
Modulus of elasticity of concrete, Ec = 24652 MPa
Uniformly distributed load = 88 kN/m
From the frame analysis shows that the negative moment on the ends
of the beam are of magnitude = 136 kN-m.
Effective depth of beam, d = 530 mm from the top of the beam
① Determine the cracking moment of the beam.
② Determine the effective moment of inertia of the beam.

I effective=¿
③ Determine the deflection at the center span.
102. A cantilever beam having a span of 6 m carries a uniform dead load of 5.85
kN/m, a uniform live load of 6.00 kN/m and a concentrated dead load of 1.4 kN
at the free end. The beam has a width of 300 mm with a total depth of 625 mm.
The steel reinforcement for tension is 2540 mm2 placed at a distance of 87.5 mm
from the top fibers of concrete and a steel reinforcement for compression of 980
mm2 placed at a distance of 62.5 mm from the bottom of the beam. Use normal
weight concrete,  = 1.0, fc’ = 27.6 MPa, fy = 414.7 MPa, n = 8, Ec = 24692
MPa.
① Compute the effective moment of the rectangular beam.
② Compute the instantaneous deflection at the end of the cantilever beam.
③ Compute the total long time deflection after one year at the end of the
cantilever beam if it has a time dependent factor of 1.4.

The continuous T-beam shown supports a dead load including its own weight of
16 kN/m and a live load of 32 kN/m of which 20% is assumed to be sustained,
fc’ = 17.2 MPa. The moment diagram for full dead load and live load is as
shown.
Unless stiffness values are obtained by a more comprehensive analysis,

immediate deflection shall be computed with the modulus of elasticity Ec for
concrete as specified and with the effective moment of inertia as follows but not
greater than Ig.
I effective=¿
where
Mcr = Ir¿Ig
And for normal weight concrete: fr = 0.62√ fc ' , Ec = 4700√ fc ' . For continuous
members, effective moment of inertia shall be permitted to be taken as the
average of values obtained from equation (409-8) for the critical positive and
negative moment sections. For prismatic members, effective moment of inertia
shall be permitted to be taken as the value obtained from equation (409-8) at
midspan for simple and continuous spans and at support for cantilevers.
Unless values are obtained by a more comprehensive analysis, additional

longtime deflections resulting from creep, and shrinkage of flexural members
(normal-weight or light weight concrete) shall be determined by multiplying the
immediate- deflection caused by the sustain load considered by the factor:
T
¿ '
(1+60 r )
where ’ shall be the value at the midspan for angle and continuous beam and at
support for cantilevers. It is permitted to assume the time dependent factor T for
sustained loads to be equal to.
5 yrs or more 2.0

12 months 1.4
6 months 1.2
3 months 1.0
① Compute the effective moment of inertia at the supports.

② Compute the effective moment of inertia for continuous member.
③ If the instantaneous deflection is 5 mm, what is the additional long time

deflection due to sustained loadings.
104. A one-way slab having a thickness of 125 mm has a span of 3.6 m. It is
subjected to a live load of 2.88 kPa in addition to its self-weight. f'c = 24.1 MPa,
fy = 414 MPa, Es = 200,000 MPA, Ec = 4700 √ fc ' . The slab is reinforced with
12 mm ø bars spaced at 150 mm center to center. Clear concrete covering is 20
mm. Use normal weight concrete. Weight of concrete at 24.5 kN/m3.
① Compute the effective moment of inertia of the slab for a cracked section.
② Compute the short-term deflection.
③ Compute the long-term deflection assuming that 45% of the live load is
sustained over a 24-month period with a time dependent factor of 1.65 and
2.0 for long period (more than 5 years)
From the given cross section of a rectangular beam.
Diameter of stirrups = 10 mm
Diameter of bars = 28 mm ø
Effective depth of beam = 710 mm
Width of beam = 400 mm
Steel reinforcement = 6 – 28 mm ø bars in two rows with a clearance of 24 mm

Fy = 350 MPa, fc’ = 28 MPa
① Compute the tensile stress of steel for an under-reinforced beam which is

subjected to a moment of 300 kN-m. Assume 86% of the effective depth as
the moment arm of the beam in the computation for stress of steel.
② Compute the value of the effective tension area of concrete around the main
reinforcement (having the same centroid as the reinforcement) divided by the
number of bars.
③ Compute the crack index.
mm. It is reinforced with 3 – 25 mm ø at an effective depth of 460 mm. The
beam has a span of 6 m. Ec = 4700 √ fc ' .
fc’ = 34.47 MPa, fy = 413.7 MPa
Es = 200000 MPa
① Determine the crack index of the concrete beam.
② Determine the max crack width that this beam could have based on its crack
index. Assume β = 1.20.
③ Determine the maximum uniform load that will cause this beam to crack.
107. A T-beam section has an effective width of flange of 750 mm, thickness of
flange = 125 mm, total depth = 500 mm, width of web section is 300 mm.
Distance of the center of the 25 mm ø bar to the tension surface is 62.5 mm. The
beam is reinforced with 3 – 25 mm ø and 2 – 20 mm ø bars, placed in two rows
with a vertical center to center spacing of 75 mm on center.
fy = 400 MPa, fc’ = 20.7 MPa

① Determine the effective tension area of concrete divided by the number of
reinforcing bars.
② Determine the crack index of the concrete beam for exterior exposure.
③ Determine the width of cracks at the bottom of the beam. Allowable width
of crack for exterior exposure is 0.33 mm.
108. A rectangular beam with exterior exposure has a width of 250 mm. The beam is
reinforced with two bundles of 4 – 22 mm ø bars with 12 mm ø stirrups. It has a
clear concrete covering of 40 mm. fc’ = 20.7 MPa, fy = 414.6 MPa. Effective
depth of beam is 500 mm.
① Compute the concrete area in tension.
② Compute the crack index.
③ Compute the maximum flexural crack width for the reinforced concrete
beam.
109. A rectangular reinforced concrete beam is reinforced with two bundles of 3 – 28

mm ø bars with 12 mm ø stirrups with a clear covering of 40 mm. fc’ = 20.7
MPa, fy = 414 MPa. Tolerable crack index for interior exposure condition is 30
MN/m.
① Compute the center of gravity of the three bars from the outer tension fibers.
② Compute the maximum flexural crack width if it has a beam width of 250
mm.
③ Compute the maximum width of the beam based on the allowable crack
index for interior exposure of 30 MN/m.
109-A One span of a continuous reinforced concrete beam subjected to gravity

loading of 44 kN/m is shown in the figure. Neglect the effect of compression
reinforcement. fc’ = 27.6 MPa, fy = 414.7 MPa.
① Find the length of L1.
② Find the length of L2.
③ Find the length of L3.
It is reinforced with 4 – 22 mm ø uncoated bars at the top. The two 22 mm ø
outside bars are continuous for the full length of the beam. The bottom
reinforcement is 22 mm ø and are continuous for the full length of the beam.
Assume that from the design of the member, the required tension was 1440 mm 2.
fc’ = 27.6 MPa, fy = 414.6 MPa. Assume normal weight of concrete. Spacing
of 12 mm ø stirrups is 150 mm o.c.
Modification factors are as follows:
Ψt = 1.3 (for top bars)
Ψe = 1.0 (for uncoated bars)
Ψs = 1.0 (reinforcement size factor)
 = 1.0 (for normal weight concrete)
Use:
① Compute the value of C.
② Compute the value of transverse reinforcement index.
③ Compute the development length required for the interior two – 22 mm ø top
bars.
111. A cantilever beam has a span of 1.5 m. It has a width of 400 mm and a total
depth of 450 mm. The effective depth is 387.50 mm. The cantilever beam
frames into the edge of 400 mm thick wall. The beam is reinforced with 3 – 25
mm ø at the top of the cantilever which is stressed to its yield strength at the face
of the wall. Yield strength of flexural reinforcement is fy = 415 MPa and a sand
lightweight concrete has a strength factor fc’ = 20.7 MPa. The beam has a
closed 10 mm ø stirrups with a yield strength fyt = 415 MPa at a spacing of 180
mm throughout its length. The clear cover is 40 mm to the stirrups.
Ψt = 1.3, Ψe = 1.0, Ψs = 1.0.
① Determine the length that the 25 mm ø bars must extend into the wall to
developed the full yield strength.
Use: Development length, ld =
② Determine the transverse reinforcement index. (Ktr)
③ Determine the development length for the 25 mm ø bars in the beam.
Use:
112. The cantilever beam is reinforced with top steel consisting of 3 – 34 mm ø in a
single row as shown in the figure. Shear reinforcement is supplied by 10 mm ø
stirrups. fc’ = 27.6 MPa, fy = 415 MPa.
Ψe = 1.3, Ψt = 1.0, Ψs = 0.8,  = 1.0
Use:
① Determine the point at which the center 34 mm ø bar can be theoretically

terminated.
② Considering NSCP specs for development length requirements, determine
the minimum distance the 34 mm ø bar must extend outward from the
support at A to be safely anchored.
③ Determine the moment capacity of the beam at the point where the 3rd 34 mm
ø bar is terminated.
mm with a simple span of 8 m. It is reinforced with 4 – 25 mm ø at the bottom
of the beam. fc’ = 27,6 MPa, fy = 415 MPa.
① Determine the theoretical point where the 2 – 25 mm ø bars maybe

terminated measured from the center of the span.
② Determine the minimum distance from the centerline of the span to the cut
off of the first two bars.
③ Determine the development length required for the two 25 mm ø bars. The
bars are uncoated. Use 40 mm clear covering with 10 mm ø stirrups spaced
at 150 mm on centers.
Ψs = 1.0 Ψt = 1.0
Ψe = 1.0  = 1.0
114. The cross section of the beam at section A – A has a width of 375 mm with an
effective depth of 650 mm. Diameter of stirrups is 12 mm ø placed at a spacing
of 150 mm on centers. It is reinforced with 2 – 32 mm ø bars all throughout the
span. The total applied shear force at the reaction is 360 kN. Assume clear steel
covering is 40 mm. The beam is supported 300 mm at its support. Use normal
weight of concrete with a unit weight of 23.5 kN/m3, fc’ = 27.6 MPa, fy = 414.6
MPa. Assume the bars to be uncoated.
① Determine the nominal moment capacity of the beam.

② Determine the required tensile development length with the following factors
used to modify development length in tension.
Ψt = 1.0 based on reinforcement location

Ψe = 1.0 based on reinforcement coating
Ψs = 1.0 based on reinforcement size
(Ψe) (Ψt) < 1.7 (NSCP Specs)
(1)(1) = 1 < 1.7 ok
③ Determine the max permissible required tensile development length.
115. A simply supported beam carries a uniformly distributed load. It has a span of 8
m and an effective depth of 450 mm. The beam is reinforced with six 22 mm ø
bars. Assume that there is no excess steel area required that is As furnished is
equal to As required. Use normal weight concrete with  = 1.0. The 12 mm ø
stirrup of the beam which has a spacing extends of 225 mm. to the end of the
beam at the support. The bars are uncoated. fc’ = 27.6 MPa, fy = 414.6 MPa.
Width of beam is 400 mm. Use clear covering of 40 mm.
Modifying factor,
Ψe = 1.0 (uncoated bars)
Ψs = 1.0 (reinforcement size)
Ψt = 1.0 (reinforcement location)
① Determine the minimum distance from the centerline of the span to the cut
off of the first two bars using NSCP provisions.
② Determine the minimum distance from the centerline of the span to the cut
off of the next two bars using NSCP provisions.
③ Determine the required tensile development length.
A cantilever beam is shown is reinforced with 2 – 25 mm ø at the top and 2 – 20

mm ø at the bottom.
Tie bar = 10 mm ø
Spacing of ties = 90 mm o.c.
Concrete cover to center of steel bars = 20 mm
fy = 413 MPa fc’ = 20.7 MPa
When horizontal reinforcement in tension is placed such that more than 300 mm
of fresh concrete is cast below use a modification factor of 1.3.
Development length for bars in tension:
Ld = shall not be less than 300 mm
The term shall not be greater than 2.5.

40 As
Ktr = s n
where n = no. of bars being developed along the plane of splitting
s = spacing center to center of longitudinal or transverse

reinforcement
A = total cross-sectional area of all transverse reinforcement
It shall be permitted to use Ktr = 0 as a design simplification even if transverse

reinforcement is present.
Cb is the smaller of the following value:
a) Distance from center of bar to the nearest concrete surface.

b) One half the center to center spacing of bars being developed.
① Compute the development length of the 25 mm ø at the top.
② Determine the development length of the 20 mm ø bottom bars.
③ Determine the development length of the 25 mm ø bottom bars.
116-ACE Board May 2019
Given:
Bar diameter, db = 20 mm
Radius of bend, r = 4db
Straight extension, Lext = 4db but not less than 65 mm
Concrete compressive strength, fc’ = 34.5 MPa
Reinforcing steel yield strength, fy = 413 MPa
Length, L = 2.0 m
The development length of deformed bar in tension termination in a standard

hook, Ld, shall not be less than the following:
fy db
a)
4.17 √ fc '
b) 8 db
c) 150 mm
Determine the required length (mm) of the 20 mm bar.
116-BA cantilever beam as shown in the figure has a clear covering of 40 mm at the
top and at the extension of hook; the clear covering is 40 mm. The beam is
reinforced with 2 – 25 mm ø at the top and a stirrup holder of 16 mm ø at the
bottom. The bars are confined by a 10 mm ø stirrups spaced at 150 mm and fc’
= 27.6 MPa, fy = 415 MPa.
① Compute the required development length or length of embedment for the
straight 25 mm ø bars.
② Compute the required development length or length of embedment for the

straight 25 mm ø bars with a 90˚ hook and the length of straight extension.
③ Compute the required development length or length of embedment for the

straight 25 mm ø bars with a 180˚ hook and the length of straight extension.
117. The forces in the column bars as shown in the figure are to be transferred into the
footing with 28 mm ø dowels. fc’ = 35.6 MPa for the column and the footing.
Main reinforcement at the footing is 28 mm ø bars, fy = 415 MPa for all bars.
Spacing of 28 mm ø bars is 120 mm on centers. Covering measured to the
center of longitudinal bars from the outermost fibers of concrete is 75 mm. The
width of wall is 200 mm while the width of footing is 2 m long.
Ψe = 1.2, Ψt = 1.0, Ψs = 0.8,  = 1.0 (for normal weight of concrete)
Use the formula:
Assume value of Ktr = 0.
① Which of the following gives the development length required for the
footing?
② Which of the following gives the development lengths needed for the 28 mm
ø dowels down into the footing?
③ Which of the following gives the development length required for the 28 mm
ø dowels up into the column?
118. The design for a reinforced concrete column and pile is shown. The 450 mm
square column has a specified compressive strength of 27.6 MPa. The 1.5 m
square pile cap has a specified compressive strength of 20.7 MPa. Four 25 mm ø
bars of fy = 415 MPa are provided at the interface.
① Which of the following gives the required length of the dowels in the pile
cap?
② Which of the following gives the minimum required length of the dowels in
the column?
③ Which of the following gives the force which the dowel can transfer across
the interface?
④ Which of the following gives the bearing capacity of the column at the
interface?
⑤ Which of the following gives the pile cap at the interface?
119. From the figure shown, 4 – 32 mm ø column bars from the floor below are to be
lap spliced with 4 – 30 mm ø column bars from above and the splice is to be
made just above a construction joint at a floor level. The column measuring 300
mm x 525 mm in cross section will be subject to compression only for all load
combinations. Lateral reinforcements consist of 12 mm ø ties at 200 mm
spacing. All vertical bars maybe assumed to be fully stressed. fy = 415 MPa, fc’
= 27.6 MPa.
① Compute the development length of the 32 mm ø bar.
② Compute the compression splice length of the 30 mm ø bars.
③ Compute the required column splice length.
120. In the column shown, the lower column bars are uncoated 25 mm ø and the
upper ones are uncoated 22 mm ø. The bars are enclosed by a 10 mm ties spaced
at 300 mm on centers. Use  = 1.0, if nominal weight of concrete for the 300
mm x 300 mm column with fc’ = 27.6 MPa and fy = 414.7 MPa.
① Compute the development length of the 25 mm ø bar.
② Compute the minimum effective area of ties that a lap splice should have to
be permitted.
③ Compute the minimum length of lap splice.
121. If 28 mm ø bars in a column are to be spliced to 32 mm ø bars and the bars are
confined by a closely spaced 10 mm ø spiral with a spacing of 80 mm o.c. fc’ =
27.6 MPa, fy = 414.7 MPa,  = 1.0.
① What is the development length of the 32 mm ø bar?
② What is the splice length of the 28 mm ø?
③ What is the minimum lap length Ls for the splice?
126. A rectangular beam having a width of 350 mm and a total depth of 550 mm. It is
reinforced with 3 – 25 mm ø bundled bars as shown. Clear covering is 50 mm
and diameter of stirrups is 10 mm ø. fc’ = 27.6 MPa, fy = 415 MPa. Use normal
weight of concrete and uncoated bundled bars. Spacing of stirrups is 200 mm on
centers.
Modifying factors:
Ψe = 1.0 (reinforcement coating)
Ψs = 1.0 (reinforcement size)
Ψt = 1.0 (reinforcement location)
 = 1.0 (normal weight of concrete)
① Compute the actual steel ratio.
② Compute the transverse reinforcement index.
③ Compute the development length required for the uncoated bundled bars.
Use NSCP Specs.
126. A rectangular beam is to be designed to carry a factored shear force Vu = 134
kN, fc’ = 27.6 MPa, fy = 414.6 MPa, fyt = 414.6 MPa.
Use  = 1.0 for normal weight concrete.
① What is the minimum dimension for a beam with no web reinforcement?
② Determine the size of the beam if the minimum amount of web reinforcement
is needed.
③ Determine the location from the support of the points where min. web
reinforcement is required if it has a span of 8 m.
The figure shows a floor plan which is design to carry a live load of 4.8 kPa and
a dead load of 4.9 kPa (including weight of slab, beam, ceiling, partition, floor,
etc.). The slab thickness is 100 mm. The beam has a width of 250 mm and has a
depth of 350 mm below the slab. The girder has width of 350 mm and a depth of
400 mm. Use 70 mm covering from center of steel reinforcements using  = 1,0
for normal weight concrete. fc’ = 20.7 MPa, fy = 415 MPa, fyt = 275 MPa.
① Assuming the beam to be simply supported, determine the critical factored

shear force for at the critical section for beam BE.
② Determine the spacing for the two legs of 10 mm ø stirrups.
③ Using NSCP code, determine the maximum spacing of stirrups.
128. A rectangular isolated beam has a clear span of 7.6 m and carries a service live
load of 60 kN/m and no external dead load except its own weight. The beam has
a width of 350 mm and an effective depth of 700 mm. It is reinforced with 6 –
28 mm ø bars in two rows. Total depth of the beam is 800 mm. fc’ = 27.6 MPa,
fy = 414 MPa, fyt = 270 MPa. Use  = 0.85 for sand light weight concrete
having a unit weight of 2400 kg/m3.
① Using simplified calculations for shear strength for concrete, determine the
shear force to be resisted by the shear reinforcement at the critical section
from the face of the support
② Determine the spacing of the 10 mm ø shear reinforcements required by the

beam due to its load.
③ Determine the point where no shear reinforcements are needed measured

form the center of the beam.
129. The hollow box beam of a certain building construction has a span of 9 m. It is
reinforced for shear with 10mm ø bar. The beam carries a factored concentrated
load of Pu = 134 kN at a point 3 m. from the left end of the simply supported
beam, and a total uniform factored load of Wu = 14 kN/m distributed throughout
the entire span. fc’ = 20.7 MPa, fy = 414.6 MPa, fyt = 270 MPa. Use  = 1.0
for normal weight concrete.
① Determine the distance from the left support where the stirrups can be
omitted using simplified calculations.
② Determine the shear strength of the stirrups spaced at d/2 mm apart.
③ Determine the factored shear force of the beam with stirrups spaced at d/2
mm apart.
130. A simply supported concrete beam having a width of 350 mm and effective
depth of 520 mm carries a uniformly distributed factored load including its
weight, Wu = 7 kN/m and a concentrated load Pu = 370 kN acting 2 m. from the
left support. Use  = 1.0 for normal weight concrete with fc’ = 20.7 MPa, fy =
fyt = 415 MPa.
Using simplified calculations
① Determine the maximum factored shear force at the critical section from C.
② Determine the spacing of the 10 mm ø stirrups between A to B.
③ Determine the spacing of the 10 mm ø stirrups between B and C.

131. A reinforced concrete beam having a simple span of 8 m, carries a uniformly
distributed uniform load Wu, which includes the weight of the beam. Over a
distance extending 2 m. out from each support, a 10 mm ø stirrups are uniformly
spaced at 100 mm on centers, in the middle half of the span, the stirrups spacing
is also uniform but increases to 225 mm on centers. Use  = 1.0 for normal
weight concrete with fc’ = 20.7 MPa, fy = fyt = 415 MPa. The beam has a width
of 400 mm and an effective depth of 450 mm. It is reinforced with 3 – 25 mm ø
bars at the bottom.
① Determine the value of Wu, based on the flexural capacity of the beam.
② Determine the value of Wu based on the shear capacity of the stirrups from A
to B.
③ Determine the value of Wu based on the shear capacity of the stirrups from B
to C.
131-AA simply supported rectangular concrete beam has a clear span of 6 m. has a
width of 400 mm and has an effective depth of 625 mm. The beam supports a
total factored load of 168 kN/m which includes the weight of the beam. fc’ =
27.6 MPa, fy = 414 MPa. Use normal weight of concrete with  = 1.0.
① Determine the location from the face of the support where the 10 mm stirrups
will be stopped.
② Determine the spacing requirement at the critical section based on the

required ø Vc, where the stirrups will most closely spaced.
③ Determine approximately the total number of stirrups needed for the entire
beam.
132. A rectangular beam having a width of 300 mm has an effective depth of 600
mm. Total depth of beam is 680 mm. The beam is reinforced with 3 – 32 mm ø
at the bottom. Fc’ = 27.6 MPa, fy = 415 MPA. Assume  = 1.0 for normal
concrete weight.
① Using detailed calculation, determine the shear strength of concrete subjected
to shear and flexure only if it is subjected to a factored moment, Mu = 134
kN-m which occurs simultaneously with Vu = 223 kN.
② If the beam is subjected to a compressive force of 268 kN, determine the

simplified calculation for the shear strength of concrete.
③ if the beam is subjected to a compressive force of 270 kN, determine the

detailed calculation of the shear strength of concrete if Mu = 140 kN-m, Vu
= 240 kN.
133. A rectangular concrete beam has a width of 300 mm and an effective depth of
600 mm. The beam is reinforced with tension reinforcements having a total area
of 2413 mm2 with a steel covering of 80 mm. The beam is subjected to a
factored shear force of 160 kN at its critical point at a distance “d” from the
support, having a span of 6 m. Assume normal weight concrete with  = 1.0. If
the beam is subjected to a tensile axial force of 270 kN and fc’ = 27.6 MPa, fy =
415 MPa, fyt = 270 MPa.
① Determine the max. shear strength of concrete.
② Determine the spacing of the 10 mm ø reinforcement due to this load.
③ Determine the minimum area of shear reinforcement required for this

condition.
A beam having a width of 300 mm and an overall thickness of 700 mm with an

effective depth of 610 mm and a span of 6 m. It is reinforced with 3 – 32 mm ø
bars. The beam carries a factored concentrated load of 450 kN at the midspan
and a horizontal axial factored compressive load of 270 kN. Use  = 1.0 for
nominal weight concrete. Use weight of concrete to be 23.5 kN/m 3, fc’ = 20.5
MPa.
① Which of the following gives the value of the factored shear force VU?
② Which of the following gives the value of the modified moment MU?
③ Which of the following gives the nominal shear strength of concrete?
mm is reinforced for tension with 4 – 28 mm ø bars. The beam is subjected to an
ultimate shear force VU = 220 kN and a factored moment M U = 56 kN-m. Use 
= 1.0 for normal concrete weight.
Concrete yield strength: fc’ = 27.6 MPa
Specified yield strength of longitudinal bars: fy = 414.6 MPa
Yield strength for web reinforcement: fyt = 280 MPa
① Determine the nominal shear strength provided by the beam using detailed
calculations.
② Determine the spacing of the 10 mm ø web reinforcement.
③ Determine the minimum area of shear reinforcement required.
A column section shown is reinforced with 8 – 32 mm ø bars, with a clear

concrete cover of 40 mm for the 12 mm ø ties. Due to reversal of lateral forces,
the design axial load due to the reversal effect of DL, LL and WL changes as
follows. Use  = 1.0 for normal weight concrete.
Along the positive x – direction: MU = – 420 kN-m
VU = 370 kN
NU = 1320 kN
Along the negative x – direction: MU = 420 kN-m
VU = 370 kN
NU = 450 kN
Use fc’ = 28 MPa and fy = 415 MPa.
① Determine the concrete shear strength for the positive x – direction using
simplified calculation.
② Determine the concrete shear strength for the negative x – direction using
simplified calculation.
③ Determine the spacing of 12 mm ø ties.
A column section shown is reinforced with 8 – 20 mm ø bars with a clear cover

of 40 mm for the 10 mm ø ties.
The column is subjected to the following data:
MU = 400 kN-m
NU = 460 kN
VU = 320 kN parallel to the longer dimension
fc’ = 28 MPa fyt = 415 MPa fy = 415 MPa
 = 1.0 for normal weight concrete
① Determine the factored shear force NU that the column could be subjected if
the nominal strength provided by the ties is 210 kN. Use simplified
calculation for concrete shear strength.
② Determine the nominal shear strength of concrete if the 10 mm ø ties and

spaced 200 mm on centers.
③ Determine the required spacing of the 10 mm ø lateral ties for a factored

shear force VU = 320 kN.
138. A cross section of a spandrel beam is shown in the figure. Slab thickness is 150
mm, width of web section is 350 mm, with a total depth of 500 mm. Diameter of
stirrups is 12 mm. Use 40 mm clear cover for all sides of the beam.
① Compute the width of the flange of the spandrel beam to resist torsion.
② Compute the value of the area enclosed by outside perimeter of concrete

section (Acp).
③ Compute the value of the outside perimeter of concrete cross section (Pcp).
④ Compute the value of the 85% area enclosed by centerline of the outer most
closed traverse torsional reinforcement (Ao).
⑤ Compute the value of perimeter of centerline of outermost closed traverse

torsional reinforcement (Ph).
139. The cross section is loaded by Vu = 223 kN and a torque Tu = 40 kN-m. fc’ =
20.7 MPa, fy = 415 MPa, fyt = 275 MPa. Use  = 1.0 for normal concrete
weight. Use 40 mm clear cover for all sides.
① Compute the max. value of torque where additional reinforcement for torsion
is not required.
② Determine the required spacing of the 12 mm ø transverse torsional

reinforcements.
③ Determine the additional area of longitudinal steel required for torsion.
Girder AB is subjected to torsional moment in addition to the flexural moment

and shear from the heavy loads at the cantilever frames. From analysis, the
following factored design forces result: Mu = 440 kN-m, Vu = 280 kN, Tu =
180 kN-m, width of beam; ‘b’ = 400 mm, total depth of beam, ‘h’ = 500 mm, fc’
= 20.7 MPa, fy = 275 MPa, fyl = 415 MPa, concrete cover to the centroid of
tension steel = 65 mm, steel ratio at balanced condition, pb = 0.02, allowable
concrete shear stress = 0.76 MPa, lateral ties are 12 mm diameter.
① Which of the following gives the tension reinforcement required for factored
moment, Mu.
② Which of the following gives the spacing of transverse reinforcement for

factored shear, Vu.
③ Which of the following gives the longitudinal reinforcement required for

torsion, Tu. Assume 40 mm clear cover to lateral ties.
141. The beam shown has a width of 350 mm and a depth of 650 mm. It is subjected
to a torsion Tu = 30 kN-m, Vu = 190 kN. As required for Mu = 2050 mm 2. fc’
= 28 MPa, fy = 420 MPa. Using a clear cover of 40 mm and 12 mm diameter
stirrups. Allowable shearing stress of concrete is 0.882 MPa, fyt = 420 MPa.
① Compute the value of the torsion where reinforcement for torsion is not
required.
② Compute the required spacing of stirrups to resists the transverse torsional

reinforcing required.
③ Compute the total longitudinal torsion reinforcement required at the top

corner at mid-depth and at the bottom of the beam. Assume diameter of
bottom bar is 25 mm ø.
142. A factored vertical load Vu = 400 kN is acting at a distance av = 127 mm from

the face of the column. The corbel has a width of 250 mm. a total thickness of
450 mm and an effective depth of 350 mm. Assume coefficient of friction of
concrete is 1.0. f’c = 34.5 MPa, fy = 414 MPa. Consider a horizontal reaction
due to creep and shrinkage of a restrained beam.
① Compute the steel area Af to resist the moment acting in the corbel.
② Compute the number of 22 mm ø reinforcement required for the primary

reinforcing bars to resist moment and shear.
③ Compute the 10 mm ø stirrups parallel to the primary reinforcements.

143. A concrete corbel projecting from a 450 mm square concrete column is shown.
Shear friction  = 1.4 for normal concrete. Neglect the weight of the corbel and
fc’ = 20.7 MPa., fy = 414.6 MPa.
① Determine the maximum vertical load Vu that maybe applied at a distance of

75 mm from the edge of the column.
② Determine the moment capacity of the corbel.
③ Determine the maximum shear strength capacity of the corbel.
④ Determine the number and spacing of the 10 mm ø closed ties as required.
A reinforced concrete tied column carries an axial dead load of 600 kN and an
axial live load of 800 kN. f’c = 28 MPa, fy = 400 MPa.
① Compute the smallest dimension of the tied column if the steel ratio is 2%.
② Compute the number of 20 mm ø bars.
③ Compute the clear spacing between the longitudinal bars if tie diameter of tie
wire is 10 mm ø with a clear cover of 40 mm.
④ Compute the spacing of 10 mm ø tie wires.
145. A spiral column carries a dead load of 1070 kN and a live load of 980 kN. If fc’
= 27.50 MPa, fy = 413.50 MPa. Using steel ratio of 0.03.
① Which of the following gives the value of the diameter of spiral column?
② Which of the following gives the number of 28mm ø main reinforcement?
③ Which of the following gives the possible spacing of the 100 mm ø spirals?
146. A short column is subjected to a factored axial load Pu= 3790 KN. fc’= 27.6
MPa and fy= 414.6 MPa.
① Assume moments are negligible, what is the minimum gross cross sectional
area required if it is a tied column.
② If the column is 450 mm x 450 mm square tied column, compute the

maximum moment that can act without affecting the design (for pure axial
loading).
③ If the column is 450 mm x 450 mm square tied column, determine the

required area of steel needed.
147. A short column is subjected to a factored axial load of 3800 kN. fc’= 27.6 MPa
and fy= 414.6 MPa.
① If the column is a circular spiral column with an outside diameter of 500 mm,
determine the maximum moment that can act without affecting the design for
pure axial loading.
② If the column is a circular spiral column with an outside diameter of 500 mm

and the diameter of the spiral wire is 10 mm ø, determine the maximum
spiral pitch if the diameter of the longitudinal bar is 25 mm ø.
③ If the column is a circular spiral column with an outside diameter of 500 mm,
determine the required area of steel.
148. The following is a cross-section of a tied column reinforced with 16 – 32 mm ø.

Using fc’ = 28 MPa, fy = 415 MPa, and the size of aggregates used is 25 mm.
b.); c.); d.) clear spacing between the longitudinal bars
① Compute the safe ultimate load that the column could carry.
② Compute the spacing of the 10 mm wires.
③ Compute the minimum clear cover over the tie wire.
④ Compute the clear spacing between longitudinal bars.

149. A 600 mm diameter column contains 20 – 28 mm ø bars arranged in a circle. It
has a spiral bar diameter of 10 mm which has a clear cover of 40 mm. Maximum
size of aggregate is 25 mm. fc’ = 21 MPa, fy = 345 MPa. (4 pts) b. Determine
the required spacing of the spirals. (3 pts)
① Which of the following gives the spiral steel ratio?
② Which of the following gives us the required spacing of the spirals?
③ Which of the following gives the clear spacing between longitudinal bars?
150. Figure shows an unbraced frame. Properties of each beams and columns are
tabulated. Considering only bending in the plane of the frame.
① Calculate the effective length factor for column AB.
② Calculate the slenderness ratio of column AB.
③ Calculate whether column AB is a short or slender column, assuming a

single curvature with M1 = 100 kN-m, M2 = 180 kN-m.
151. The frame shown is supported by column which has a dimension of 300 mm
deep normal to the plane of the frame.
fc’ = 20.7 MPa, fy = 415 MPa
① Classify column AB whether short or long column considering that the frame
is braced.
② Classify column CD whether short or long column considering that the frame
is braced.
③ Classify column CD whether short or long column considering that the frame
is unbraced.
152. A short rectangular reinforced concrete column shown is to be a part of a long-
span rigid frame and will be subjected to high bending moments combined with
relatively low axial loads, causing bending about the strong axis. Steel bars are
placed unsymmetrically as indicated in the figure. Consider the area displaced
by compression bars.
fc’ = 27.6 MPa fy = 414.7 MPa
① Determine the capacity of the column section considering the forces in the
steel adjusted for concrete stress.
② Determine the plastic centroid of the section measured from the center of 36
mm ø bars.
③ Determine the eccentricity of the column load assuming the column load is
applied at a distance of 300 mm from the center of the section towards the
right side.
153. A tied column 350 mm x 600 mm is reinforced with 2 – 28 mm ø at the left side
and 2 – 34 mm ø in the right side. fc’ = 27.6 MPa, fy = 415 MPa.
① Compute the total axial capacity of the column, considering area of displaced
concrete by compression bars.
② Compute the plastic centroid measured from the center of column.
③ Compute the spacing of the 10 mm ø ties.
154. To comply with architectural requirements, a column in a non-sway frame is of

T-section.
Given data:
Longitudinal bars:
As1 = 6 – 20 mm ø bars in compression
As2 = 4 – 28 mm ø bars in tension

fy = 415 MPa
Lateral ties:
10 mm ø bars with fyt = 275 MPa
Clear concrete cover to the ties = 40mm
Dimensions:
h1 = 250 mmb1 = 150 mm
h2 = 350 mmb2 = 300 mm
Concrete: fc’ = 27.5 MPa
Consider bending about line 1. Neglect the concrete area displaced by the
compression steel.
① Which of the following gives the location of the geometric centroid of the
section from line 1 along the x-axis?
② Which of the following gives the location of the plastic centroid of the
section from line 1 along the x-axis. For all bars fs = fy.
③ If the T-section is reinforced such that the plastic centroid of the section fails
at 280 mm from the line 1 along x-axis, determine the bending moment Mu,
induced by a factored load Pu = 3200 kN acting along x-axis at 400 mm from
line 1.
155. For the column section shown, fc’ = 21 MPa, fy = 275 MPa, the column is
reinforced with 4 – 28 mm ø and 10 mm ø tie wires.
① Which of the following gives the nominal strength of the column at zero
eccentricity?
② Which of the following gives the value of x that describes the location of the
plastic centroid?
③ Which of the following gives the moment due to the load Pu = 1200 kN
which is acting at (580, 0).
156. A 400 mm diameter concrete column is reinforced with six 20 mm ø vertical
bars and 10 mm ø spirals. fc’ = 21 MPa and fy = 275 MPa. The column is
loaded at a certain eccentricity.
NSCP Provisions:
Strength Reduction Factor ø shall be as follows:
(a) Tension controlled sections 0.90

(b) Compression controlled sections
1. Members with spiral reinforcement 0.75

2. Other reinforced members 0.65
For sections in which the net tensile strain, t, is between the limits for
compression-controlled and tension-controlled sections, ø shall be permitted to
be linearly increased from that for compression-controlled sections to 0.90 as t
increases from the compression-controlled strain limit to 0.005.
For members in which fy does not exceed 415 MPa, with symmetric
h−d '
reinforcement, and with h
not less than 0.70, ø shall be permitted to be
increased linearly to 0.90 as øPn decreases from 0.10 fc’ Ag to zero.
For other reinforced members, ø shall be permitted to be increased linearly to

0.90 as øPn decreases from decreases from 0.10 fc’ Ag or øPn whichever os
smaller to zero.
① Which of the following gives the largest value of øPn where the value of ø
may not be increased?
② Which of the following gives the value of ø when the nominal axial load
strength, Pn at an eccentricity g’ is 125 kN.
③ Which of the following gives the axial load strength øPn at the same
eccentricity e’?
157. A tied column has a dimension of 500 mm by 350 mm. It is reinforced with 6 –
28 mm diameter bars arranged as shown in the figure. The concrete cover
measured from the centroid of the reinforcement is 75 mm. fc' = 27.6 MPa, fy =
415 MPa. Consider the area of displaced concrete by compression bars.
Assume bending is about the y-axis and the column is considered to be a short
column.
① Compute the design axial load strength øPn for a small eccentricity.
② Compute the design moment strength if the column is subjected to a pure

moment.
③ Compute the design axial load strength øPn if the eccentricity, e = 125 mm.
A tied column 450 mm square is reinforced with 8 – 28 mm ø equally distributed

on its sides. The unsupported length of column is 2.6 m and is prevented to
sideway due to shear walls. K = 1.0, fc' = 20.7 MPa and fy = 415 MPa. Use
40mm covering measured from center to center of reinforcement with tie
diameter is 12 mm. Es = 200 GPa. Neglect the concrete area displaced by the
compression steel bars.
① Determine the nominal load that the column could carry.
② Determine the balanced load using concrete strain value of c = 0.003 and
fy
yield strain of steel y= Es .
③ Determine the balanced moment.
159. A 300 mm x 500 mm column is reinforced with 4 – 28 mm ø, of area 615.75

mm2 each, one in each corner as shown. The concrete cylinder strength is fc' =
24.19 MPa and the steel yield strength is 345.58 MPa. Es = 200000 MPa.
① Which of the following gives the load Pb for balance failure?
② Which of the following gives the moment Mb for balance failure?
③ Which of the following gives the corresponding eccentricity eb for balanced

failure?
160. A tied column 350 mm x 600 mm in cross section is reinforced with 6 – 28 mm
ø bars arranged as shown. It is assumed that the column section has a strain on
its compression edge equal to – 0.003 and has a tensile strain of + 0.002 on its
outer edge. fc’ = 27.6 MPa, fy = 414.6 MPa.
① Determine the total compressive force of the steel reinforcement considering

that its compressive stress is reduced by 0.85 fc’ to account for the holes in
the concrete.
② Determine the nominal axial load that causes this strain distribution in the
column section.
③ Determine the nominal moment that causes this strain distribution in the
column section.
161. A tied column which is subjected to an eccentric load has dimensions of 300 mm
x 500 mm which is reinforced with 4 - 28 mm ø bars arranged as shown in the
figure. The concrete cylinder strength fc' = 27.6 MPa and the steel yield strength
fy = 414.7 MPa. The column carries a nominal load Pn at eccentricity "e" from
the y-axis of the column section. If the neutral axis is 125 mm from the right
edge of the column section.
① Determine the value of the nominal load Pn.
② Determine the nominal moment capacity of the column section.
③ Determine the eccentricity "e" where the nominal load is acting.
162. A short rectangular, reinforced concrete tied column is 300 mm x 375 mm as

shown in the figure. It is reinforced with 6 – 28 mm ø bars. fc' = 27.6 MPa, fy =
414 MPa. Neglect the area of concrete displaced by the compression steel bar.
① Determine the balanced load.
② Determine the balanced moment.

③ Determine the nominal load Pn, if it is acting at eccentricity of 300 mm.
163. A tied column having a cross section of 300 mm x 500 mm is reinforced with 4 –
28 mm ø bars arranged as shown in the figure. The concrete cylinder strength
fc’ = 27.6 MPa and the steel yield strength is 414.7 MPa. The column si
subjected to nominal load and a moment at the top. If the neutral axis is 450 mm
from the edge of the column section. Neglect the effect of concrete area
displaced by compression bars.
① Determine the nominal load capacity of the column section.
② Determine the nominal moment capacity of the column section.
③ Determine the eccentricity of the nominal load.
164. A 500 mm square tied column shown is reinforced with 10 – 28 mm ø bars with
a steel covering of 62.5 mm from the center of the bars to the outer edge of the
column section. Fc’ = 20.7 MPa, fy = 345.6 MPa.
① Determine the actual stresses in the reinforcement, considering 0.85 fc’ to be

deducted from the steel stress in the compression zone if the neutral axis is
212.50 mm from the edge of the column.
② Determine the ultimate eccentric load Pu that will satisfy statics in the figure.
③ Determine the eccentricity of Pu required to established the conditions of

equilibrium in the column section.
A tied column 300 mm x 350 mm (b x h) in cross-section is reinforced with 3 –

25 mm ø bars along each of two short sides.
Concrete cover to the centroid of longitudinal bars = 700 mm
Steel yield strength, fy = 275 MPa

Concrete fc’ = 20.7 MPa
Consider bending about the y-axis (along h direction). Calculate the nominal
compressive load strength, Pn (kN), at the following conditions.
① At eccentricity, e = 0.
② At balanced condition, e = eb. Neglect the concrete area displaced by the

compression steel. Depth of compression block shown Cb = 192 mm.
③ At eccentricity, e = 225 mm. For all bars fs = fy. Neglect the concrete area
displaced by the compression steel.
Details of a rectangular column are as follows:
Column width along the x-axis = 250 mm
Column width along the y-axis = 600 mm
Reinforcement:
8 of 25 mm diameter bars distributed equally along the longer sides.
10 mm diameter ties spaced at 100 mm on centers.
Concrete 20th day compression strength, fc’ = 20.7 MPa.
Reinforced steel yield strength, fy = 415 MPa
Assume that the compression steel yields.
Concrete cover to the centroid of bars = 70 mm
① Which of the following gives the location of the plastic centroid (mm) along
the geometric centroidal x-axis from the geometric centroidal y-axis?
② Which of the following gives the nominal balanced load, Pb (kN). If the
depth of the rectangular concrete compressive stress block, a = 90.4 mm?
③ Which of the following gives the nominal axial load (kN) that the column
can carry at an eccentricity of 200 mm along the x-axis from the centroidal y-
axis?
167. CE Board may 2019
The initial design of a rectangular tied column resulted to the following:
Column section:
Width (w) = 400 mm
Depth (h) = 600 mm
From the interaction diagram
Rn = 0.205
Kn = 0.80
The resulting steel ratio g = 0.05
Strength Reduction Factor (ø) = 0.65
① For the given steel ratio, how many 20 mm diameter bars are required?
② How much is the nominal axial load capacity of the column, Pn (kN)?
③ To limit the steel ratio, g to 3% where Kn = 0.8 and the eccentricity of Pn is

e = 150 mm, what should be the column depth, h (mm)?
168. CE Board may 2019
A round spiral column with a diameter of 400 mm is reinforced as shown in the

figure in the interaction diagram.
where Kn = 0.40
Rn = 0.18
The resulting steel ratio, g = 0.03
Strength reduction factor, ø = 0.75
① What is the required size (mm) of reinforcing bar for the given layout?
② What is the design axial load Pu (kN)?
③ How much is the design moment, Mu (kN-m)?
A tied column 600 mm x 600 mm is subjected to a nominal load Pn at an

eccentricity e.
From the interaction diagram, Kn = 0.60 and  = 0.03
① Determine the ultimate axial load Pu.
② Determine the design moment.
③ Determine the ‘h’ so that  = 0.04 when e = 300 mm.
170. A tied column has a cross section of 300 mm x 500.

It is reinforced with 6 bars having a total area of 5400 mm2.
The concrete covering is 75 mm measured to the center of the steel

reinforcement.
Eccentricity (along the long direction) e = 250 mm
Concrete, fc’ = 26.7 MPa Rn = 0.141
Yield stress of steel, fy = 415 MPa
Using the interaction diagram
① Determine the value of .
② Determine the value of Kn.
③ Determine the value of the nominal axial load that the column could support.
171. A short tied column to support the given service loads:
Axial loads:
Pd = 556 kN
Pl = 590 kN
Moment:
Md = 102 kN-m
Ml = 113 kN-m
Yield strength of steel = 415 MPa
Using the given interaction diagram
Size of column = 350 x 500 mm

Steel covering = 75 mm
① Determine the value of Kn.
② Determine the value of Rn.
③ Determine the diameter of the 6 bars needed for the column section.
172. Given:
Yield strength of steel, fy = 415 MPa
Diameter of spiral column = 440 mm
Diameter of spiral reinforcement = 12 mm
Diameter of bars = 28 mm
Clear concrete cover = 40 mm
Reduction factor = 0.75
① Compute the eccentric factored load that the column could support if the
value of Kn = 0.76.
② Find the eccentricity e, if the value of Rn = 0.15
③ Determine the number of 28 mm ø bars needed for the spiral column.
172. A tied column has a width of 400 mm. It is subjected to a nominal load of 5544
kN at a eccentricity e.
Strength reduction factor = 0.65

From interaction diagram, Kn = 0.84, Rn = 0.10
① Find the total depth “h” of the column.
② Determine the number of 28 mm ø bars that are required.
③ Determine the eccentricity of the load measured from the center of the
column section parallel to the depth of the column.
173. A round spiral column with a diameter of 400 mm is reinforced as shown in the
figure in the interaction diagram.
Where Kn = 0.40
Rn = 0.18
The resulting steel ratio, b = 0.03
Strength reduction factor = 0.75
① What is the required size (mm) of reinforcing bar for the given load?
② What is the design axial load Pu (kN)?
③ How much is the design moment Mu (kN-m)?
174. The initial design of a rectangular tied column resulted in the following
Column section:
Width (w) = 400 mm
Depth (h) = 600 mm

From the interaction diagram, where
Rn = 0.205
Kn = 0.80
The resulting steel ratio, g = 0.05
① For the given steel ratio, how many 20 mm diameter bars are required?
② How much is the nominal axial load capacity of the column, Pn (kN)?
③ To limit the steel ratio, g to 3% where Kn = 0.8 and the eccentricity of Pn is

e = 150 mm, what should be the column depth, h (mm)?
175. A spiral column has the following properties.
Diameter of spiral column = 500 mm
Ratio of the center-to-center reinforcement diameter to the diameter of column =

0.70
Factored moment, Mu = 258 kN-m
Factored axial load, Pu = 2158 kN
① Determine the value of Rn.
② Determine the value of Kn.
③ Determine the number of 25 mm ø reinforcing bars for the short round spiral
column.
176. A spiral column has a diameter of 600 mm. It is reinforced with 36 mm ø bars.
It carries a nominal moment of 936 kN-m.  = 0.06.
① Determine the value of Kn.
② Determine the value of the eccentric nominal load that it could support.
③ How many 36 mm ø is needed for the spiral column?
175. The 350 mm x 500 mm column shown is reinforced with 8 – 28 mm ø bars

arranged around the column perimeter. Factored load Pu = 1300 kN is to be
applied with eccentricities ey = 75 mm and ex = 150 mm. fc’ = 21 MPa and fy =
415 MPa. Check the adequacy of the column using:
① Reciprocal load method.
② Load contour method with  = 1.19.
176. From the given tied column shown, it is subjected to an axial load Pu which
causes bending in both axis where Pnx = 615.6 kN, Pny = 461.7 kN and Po =
2822 kN. Using fc’ = 17.25 MPa, fy = 276 MPa and capacity reduction factor ø
= 0.65.
① Which of the following gives the value of nominal axial load at a given
eccentricity using Bresler equation?
② Which of the following gives the value of factored axial load at a given
eccentricity?
③ If Pn = 300 kN, find the value of nominal axial load strength at zero
eccentricity.
177. A short-tied column having a cross section of 450 mm x 340 mm is reinforced

with 8 – 32 mm ø placed at equal spacing. It carries a moment about the x-axis.
Mux = 146 kN-m and a moment about the y-axis Muy = 196 kN-m. fc’ = 20.7
MPa, fy = 415 MPa. Using the interaction diagram. The column supports a
design axial load Pu = 1920 kN.
① Determine the theoretical axial capacity if bending occurs about the x-axis
only, making ex = 0.
② Determine the theoretical axial capacity if bending occurs about the y-axis
only, making ey = 0.
③ Determine the theoretical axial capacity of column under bi-axial bending.
178. The compression member in a frame has the following computed data.
ψa = 1.8 (upper end)
ψb = 3.0 (lower end)
① Compute the effective length factor K if the frame is braced against

sidesway.
② Compute the effective length factor K if the frame is unbraced against

sidesway.
③ Compute the effective length factor K if the frame is unbraced against

sidesway with ψa = 0 hinged at the bottom and ψb = 3.0.
179. A column section is used to carry an end moment equal to M1 = 90 kN-m and
M2 = 130 kN-m. The height of the compression member in a frame measured
from center to center of the frame joints is 4.8m. The first order lateral
deflection due to the factored horizontal shear force on the story in question is
equal to 120 mm. The total factored vertical loads for all the columns in the
story in question is equal to 70000 kN and the total factored horizontal force for
the same story in the question is equal to 36400 kN.
fc’ = 20.7 MPa, fy = 414 MPa, Ec = 4700 √ fc ' .
① Determine the value of the stability index.

② Determine the value of magnifying factor.
③ Determine the value of magnified moment.
180. The tied column shown has dimension of 300 mm x 375 mm. It is to be used in
a frame braced against sidesway. The column is bent in single curvature about
its y-axis and ha an unsupported length Lo = 4.8 m. Assume value of effective
length factor K = 0.83. The column is carrying a total factored axial load Pu =
490 kN with an unfactored dead axial load and Pd = 134 kN. The factored
moment at the top is 112 kN-m and at the bottom it is 116 kN-m. If fc’ = 27.6
MPa, fy = 414.6 MPa, Ec = 4700 √ fc ' .
① Determine the critical load of the column.
② Determine the moment magnifying factor.
③ Determine the actual eccentricity of the load.
181. A tied column 510 mm x 510 mm is reinforced with 12 bars having a steel area
As = 700 mm2 per bar. The column is subjected to factored moments without
causing sidesway of M1 = 660 kN-m and M2 = 680 kN-m. It carries an ultimate
axial load Pu = 1800 kN. The column has an unsupported height Lo = 4 m, Es =
200000 MPa, fc’ = 20.7 MPa, β = 0.4.
① Compute the relative stiffness of the column.
② Compute the moment magnifier factor if the column is bent in single

curvature.
③ Compute the design moment of the column.
182. A 300 mm x 300 mm concrete column which is pin-connected at both ends has
an unsupported length of 4.6 m. The column carries an axial compressive load
of 670 kN and a lateral concentrated load of 90 kN acting at the mid height of
the column. Assuming Ec = 21840 MPa.
① Compute the Euler buckling load.
② Compute the magnification factor.
③ Compute the total moment including he secondary moment due to lateral

deflection.
183. A laterally braced beam-column with a 300 mm x 400 mm cross section has a
simple span of 6 m and carries a factored uniform load, Wu = 12 kN/m and an
axial compressive load of 1400 kN. fc’ = 27.6 MPa, fy = 415 MPa, β = 0.4.
① Determine the value of the critical load.
② Determine the modified magnification factor for frames braced against

sidesway.
③ Determine the maximum moment for which the member would be designed.
184. The frame shown is part of a building that can be considered braced (non sway)
by the presence of stiff concrete walls surrounding the elevator shafts. Structural
loadings for columns A between 1 and 2 are 1784 kN dead load and 446 kN live
load. The concrete modulus of elasticity, Ec = 27646 MPa. All columns are 400
x 400 mm.
① Determine the minimum moment based on minimum eccentricity that

column A could carry.
② Determine the buckling load for column A. Assume K = 0.85.
③ Determine the moment that should be used to design column A in the first
storey.
185. The single-story frame shown is built with concrete having a modulus of
elasticity Ec = 24916 MPa. The actions in the column due to dead load and live
load are as shown. Assuming the frame is part of a building that is braced.
Dimension of column AB is 350 mm x 350 mm.
Effective length factor, K = 0.75.
① Determine the buckling load for column AB.
② Determine the amplification factor of column AB.
③ Determine the design moment for column AB.
186. A tied column for a given frame not braced against sidesway has a cross-section
of 450 mm x 450 mm as shown. It has an unsupported length, Lu = 5.4 m.
Assume an effective length factor K = 1.3. A first order analysis has resulted in
the following factored loads and moments.
Factored axial load at a given eccentricity:
(Pa) = 2426 kN
Factored end moment on compression member at the end at which the larger
moments act due to loads that cause no appreciable sidesway.
(Mns) = 132 kN-m
Factored end moment on compression member at the end at which the larger
moments act due to loads that cause appreciable sidesway.
(Mss) = 122 kN-m
Sum of factored axial loads for all columns on the floor:
ΣPu = 72000 kN
Sum of critical loads for all columns on the floor:
ΣPc = 214000 kN
fc’ = 27.6 MPa fy = 414.6 MPa
① Determine the moment magnification factor for frames not braced against
sidesway.
② Determine the magnified factored moment to be used for design of the
column.
③ Determine the minimum value of factored end moment for the given cross
section as specified by NSCP.
187. A plain concrete footing is to be designed for a 300 mm reinforced concrete wall
that supports a dead load of 176 kN/m including the wall weight and a live load
of 88 kN/m. The base of the footing is to be 1.5 m below the final grade. fc' =
20.7 MPa. Allowable bearing capacity is 192 kPa, weight of soil is 15.74 kN/m 3
and concrete to be 23.5 kN/m3.
① Determine the width of the plain concrete footing.
② Determine the allowable bending strength of the plain concrete footing and
check the adequacy of the section.
③ Determine the allowable shearing strength of the plain concrete footing and
check the adequacy of the section. Use 2010 NSCP Specs.
188. A wall footing is to support a 300 mm wide reinforced concrete wall with a dead
load of 290 kN/m and a live load of 220 kN/m. The bottom of the footing is 1.20
m below the final grade. Assume the soil weighs 15.74 kN/m 3 and the allowable
soil pressure is 193 kPa, fc’ = 20.7 MPa, fy = 415 MPa. Use 75 mm as steel
covering. Concrete weighs, 23.5 kN/m3.
① Compute the width and depth of footing.
② Compute the spacing of 22 mm ø main bars and 12 mm ø longitudinal

temperature and shrinkage of steel.
③ Compute the development length required if
Bar locator factor, ψ1 = 1.0
Coating factor, ψ2 = 1.0
Size factor, ψ3 = 1.0

Normal weight concrete,  = 1.0
A 300 mm concrete wall supports a dead load of 300 kN-m and a live load of
200 kN. The allowable bearing pressure is 240 kN/m 3, and the level of the
bottom of the footing is 1.2 m below the ground surface. Assume concrete
weighs 24 kN/m3 and that of soil is 16 kN/m 3, fc’ = 28 MPa, fy = 248 MPa. Use
28 mm ø reinforcing bars. Thickness of footing = 600 mm, steel covering 100
mm.
① Which of the following gives the effective soil pressure?
② Which of the following gives the width of wall footing?
③ Which of the following gives the spacing of bars at critical section?
190. CE Board May 2016, Nov 2018:
A footing supports a 250 mm thick wall:
Given:
Allowable soil bearing pressure = 192 kPa
Thickness of footing = 350 mm
Steel, fy = 415 MPa
① The footing is subjected to a moment of 126 kN-m and a total vertical load of
280 kN. Find the minimum width of the footing to prevent uplift.
② Given:
Resisting moment, Mr = 440 kN-m
Overturning moment, Mo = 260 kN-m

Total vertical load = 265 kN
Find the minimum width of the following to prevent uplift.
③ Given:
Footing width = 3 m
Resisting moment, Mr = 500 kN-m
Overturning moment, Mo = 265 kN-m
Which of the following gives the maximum soil bearing pressure?
A 250 mm thick concrete wall is to be centrally located on a footing.
① How much is the required least resisting moment so that there will be no
tensile stress in the footing if the loads on the footing are as follows:
Overturning moment = 288 kN-m
Footing width = 4 m
② Find the smallest footing width that will prevent uplift.
Resisting moment = 756 kN-m
③ Which of the following gives the resulting maximum soil pressure in MPa if
the load on the footing are as follows:

Footing width = 3.0 m
191-A CE Board Nov 2018
A 300 mm thick concrete walk is to be centrally located on a footing. The

allowable soil bearing pressure is 192 kPa.
① The footing is to be designed for a moment of 160 kN-m and a total vertical
load of 320 kN. What should be the minimum footing width in meters to
prevent uplift?
② Given:
Total vertical load, P = 540 kN
Resisting moment, M = 1080 kN-m
The footing width is 4 m. How much is the allowable overturning moment

(kN-m) such that there will be no tensile stress in the footing?
③ Given:
Footing width = 4.2 m
Which of the following gives the maximum soil pressure?
191-B CE Board May 2014

A footing 2 m wide x 2 m long and 0.45 m thick carries a square column 0.40 m
x 0.40 m on its center.
Given:
Effective depth of footing = 0.35 m
Concrete, fc’ = 28 MPa
Reinforcing steel, fy = 415 MPa
Allowable stresses at ultimate loads:
For two-way action shear = 1.76 MPa
For wide-beam shear = 0.88 MPa
① Based on two-way action shear, what is the allowable axial load (kN) at
ultimate condition?
② Based on wide-beam shear, find the allowable axial load (kN) at ultimate
stresses.
③ The design moment at ultimate loads at the face of the column is 300 kN-m.
How many 20 mm ø are required?
191-C CE Board Dec 2014
A 2 m x 2 m footing carries concentrically a square column 0.40 m x 0.40 m.
Design data:
Column factored loads:
DL = 580 kN LL = 440 kN
Concrete cover to the centroid of footing reinforcement = 100 mm
Steel, fy = 415 MPa

Allowable stresses at ultimate loads:
For diagonal tension or two-way action shear = 1.76 MPa
For wide beam shear = 0.88 MPa
Maximum steel ratio for moment = 0.021
① What is the minimum thickness (mm) of footing required for diagonal

tension?
② Determine the minimum thickness (mm) of footing required for wide beam
shear.
③ Determine the minimum thickness (mm) of footing required for maximum

moment.
192. CE Board May 2012, May 2014
A square footing 2.4 m x 2.4 m x 0.45 m thick supports a rectangular column

0.35 m x 0.40 m at its center.
Column loads are service conditions:
DL = 680 kN LL = 400 kN
fc’ = 20.7 MPa fy = 275 MPa
Concrete cover to the centroid of steel reinforcement = 100 mm
① Calculate the maximum wide-beam shear stress.
② What is the maximum punching shear stress?
③ Determine the number of 20 mm ø bars required for critical moment.

A column 400 mm x 400 mm supports a dead load of 890 kN and a live load of
720 kN. The allowable soil bearing pressure is 250 kPa. The base of the footing
is 1.5 m below the grade. Assume weight of concrete is 24 kN/m 3 and that of
soil is 16 kN/m3. Total depth of footing is 560 mm and has an effective depth of
460 mm.
② Which of the following gives the dimension of the footing?
③ Which of the following gives the shear stress for a two way shear/punching?
A column 450 mm x 450 mm square supports a dead load of 1000 kN and a live
load of 780 kN. The allowable soil bearing pressure is 240 kPa. The base of the
footing is 1.5 m below the grade. Assume weight of concrete to be 24 kN/m3 and
that of soil to be 18 kN/m3. The total depth of footing is 600 mm with a steel
covering of 100 mm.
② Which of the following gives the dimensions of the footing?
③ Which of the following gives the moment at critical section?
194-A CE Board May 2013, Dec 2014
Figure shows a reinforced concrete footing supporting steel column on base

plate.
Given:
Ultimate axial loads
DL = 1240 kN
LL = 960 kN
Column dimensions:
Depth = 250 mm
Flange width = 205 mm
Flange thickness = 16 mm
Web thickness = 9 mm
Base Plate Dimensions:
B x N = 305 mm x 450 mm
Footing Details:
W x L = 2.5 m x 2.5 m
Effective depth = 325 mm
Reinforcing steel, fy = 413 MPa
① Determine the number of 20 mm ø bars required for the critical loads.
② Calculate the punching shear stress.
③ What is the critical wide beam shear stress?
194-B A wide flange column section carries a dead load of 800 kN and a live load of
625 kN. Allowable bearing capacity of soil is 200 kPa, fc’ = 24 MPa. For both
column and bearing plate, Fy = 250 MPa (A36 steel).
Properties of Wide Flange section:
D = 311 mm b = 306 mm
Size of base plate:
B = 330 mm
C = 335 mm
① Compute the size of the pedestal.
② Compute the thickness of the base plate.
③ Compute the number of 25 mm ø longitudinal bars required for the pedestal.
④ Compute the number of 25 mm ø anchor bolts to carry a minimum shear

force. Allowable shearing stress = 70 MPa.
194-C CE Board May 2018
A steel column is hinged on a pedestal and subjects it to an axial and lateral load.
A square footing carries the pedestal at its center.
Given: Load acting at the top of the pedestal
Axial load = 1020 kN

Lateral load = 80 kN
Dimensions:
Footing = 2.5 m x 2.5 m x 0.60 m depth
Pedestal = 0.45 m x 0.45 m
Height of pedestal from the top of the footing = 2.0 m
Height of soil from the top of the footing = 1.6 m
Stresses and unit weights:
Steel, fy = 415 MPa
Soil unit weight = 17 kN/m3

① What is the max. soil pressure 9kPa) due to vertical loads only?
② Solve for the max. soil pressure (kPa) due to all loads.
③ Calculate the max. lateral load (kN) that the footing can carry without
causing uplift.
194-D CE Board May 2018
Given:
Footing dimensions, B x L x H = 2 m x 2 m x 0.50 m
Column dimensions, d x d = 0.45 m x 0.45 m
Height of earthfill, T = 1.0 m
Unit weight of soil = 17 kN/m3
Loads P My (moment about the y-axis)
DL 220 kN 48 kN-m
LL 130 kN 28 kN-m
EQ 25 kN 220 kN-m
① Determine the max soil pressure (MPa).
② Determine the length of the footing that is subjected to tensile stress.
③ Calculate the factor of safety against overturning.
A spread footing supports a 350 mm x 350 mm column carrying a dead load of

300 kN and live load of 500 kN. The footing is subjected to an axial moment
produced by the effect of dead load, live and earthquake. The unfactored
moments are tabulated below.
MDL = 50 kN-m MLx = 60 kN-m MEx = 36 kN-m
MDy = 30 kN-m MLy = 50 kN-m MEy = 29 kN-m
Thickness of footing is 460 mm with an effective depth of 360 mm.
The bottom of the footing is 1.20 m below the ground surface.
Unit weight of soil = 15.7 kN/m3, concrete = 23.5 kN/m3
① Which of the following gives the dimension of the spread footing?
② Which of the following gives the punching stress at the critical section?
③ Which of the following gives the number of 20 mm ø reinforcing bars in both

ways for the footing?
195. A compressive load P = 100 kN is applied as shown in the figure at a point 0.70
m to the left and 0.30 m above the centroid of a rectangular section for which h =
3 m and b = 1.5 m.
① What additional load acting normal to the cross section at its centroid will
eliminate tensile stress anywhere over the cross section?
② Determine the stress at A due to the total loads acting on the rectangular
section.
③ Determine the stress at B due to the total loads acting on the rectangular
section.
A rectangular footing is subjected to the following service loads:
Axial load: DL = 580 kN

LL = 420 kN
Moment about the x-axis:
MDL = 105 kN-m

MLL = 45 kN-m
Moment about the y-axis:
MDL = 140 kN-m

MLL = 110 kN-m
Height of earthfill above the footing = 1.5 m
① Calculate the maximum net soil pressure.
② Calculate the minimum net soil pressure.
③ Calculate the required soil bearing capacity.
197. The figure shows a spread footing subjected to an axial load and a moment as
indicated. Allowable bearing pressure is 240 kPa. A one third increase in
bearing pressure is allowed for wind and earthquake loads. Neglecting weights
of overburden and concrete.
① Compute the minimum size of the square spread footing with the given loads
and moment:
Load Axial Load (kN) Moment (kN-m)
DL 1350 60
LL 650 20
Wind  670 0
LL  1118.5 0
② Compute the minimum size of the square spread footing for combined
gravity and wind.
DL 2000 68
LL 1200 28
Wind  1463  200
② Compute the minimum size of the square spread footing for combined
gravity and seismic load.
DL 2780 70
LL 1670 30
Seismic  1037.8 0
197-A Given:
Rectangular footing whose width is limited to 2 m. It supports a 400 mm x 400

mm interior column which carries the following service loads:
PD = 940 kN
PL = 670 kN
Gross allowable soil pressure = 210 kPa
Base of footing is 1.80 m below the ground level.
Unit wt. of soil = 15.75 kN/m3
Unit wt. of concrete = 24 kN/m3
fc’ = 20.7 MPa
fy = 415 MPa
Total depth of footing = 675 mm
Effective depth of footing = 575 mm
① Determine the length of the rectangular footing.
② Compute the number of 25 mm ø bars along the short direction over the band
width of 2 m on each side of the column center.
③ Determine the diameter of four dowels from the footing into the column.
Reduction factor, ø = 0.65 for bearing capacity.
198. A 450 mm square interior column carries a dead load of 825 kN and a live load
of 668 kN. A rectangular footing is required to carry the column loads such that
the length of the long side must be equal to twice the width of the short side.
Assume base of footing is 1.5 m below the ground surface. Allowable bearing
pressure of soil is 192 kPa. fc’ = 27.6 MPa, fy = 415 MPa, weight of soil is
15.74 KN/m3 and that of concrete is 23.5 KN/m 3. Use normal weight concrete.
Thickness of footing is 0.60 m.
① Determine the dimensions of the rectangular footing.
② Determine the longitudinal steel requirements.
③ Determine the steel requirements in the short direction.
198-A A rectangular footing supports a square column concentrically.
Given:
Footing dimensions = 2.5 m wide x 4 m long and 0.75 m depth
Column dimension = 0.45 m x 0.45 m
Steel, fy = 415 MPa
Allowable stresses at ultimate loads are as follows:
For beam action, the allowable shear stress = 0.88 MPa

For two-way section, the allowable shear stress = 1.76 MPa
① Determine the concentrated load (kN) that the footing can carry based on
beam action. Apply effective soil pressure only.
② Calculate the concentrated load (kN) that the footing can carry based on two-
way action. Apply effective soil pressure only.
③ If the allowable soil pressure at service loads is 192 kPa, what column axial
load (unfactored) in kN, can the footing carry if the depth of earth fill is 2 m
above the footing.
198-B CE Board May 2014
A footing 0,75 m thick, 4 m long along the x-axis and 3 m wide along the y-axis,
supports concentrically a column 0.75 m x 0.60 m along the x and y-axis
respectively.
Column loads are
Axial load
DL = 800 kN LL = 480 kN E = 90 kN
Moment about the y-axis
MDL = 60 kN-m MLL = 36 kN-m ME = 180 kN-m
Height of earth fill on top of the footing = 1.8 m
① Determine the eccentricity of the resultant force at the base of the footing
about the y-axis in meters.
② Determine the maximum soil pressure in kPa.

③ Determine the required soil bearing capacity in kPa.
198-C A rectangular footing 2.5 m wide along the x-axis and 3 m long parallel in the
y-axis supports a concentrically located column 0.60 m x 0.60 m in area.
Given: Footing ultimate loads
Axial load, Pu = 1500 kN
Moment about the y-axis, My = 180 kN-m
Steel, fy = 415 MPa
① Find the max punching shear stress (MPa) due to the axial load only.
② What is the maximum wide beam shear stress (MPa) due to the given footing
loads?
③ How much additional moment (kN-m) can the footing carry without causing
uplift of the footing?
198-D CE Board Nov 2017
Given:
Footing dimensions:
B x L x H = 3 m x 4 m x 0.75 m
Column dimension, b x d = 0.60 m x 0.75 m
Height of earth fill, T = 1.5 m

Loads:
(P) M about the y-axis
DL 880 kN 48 kN-m
LL 520 kN 28 kN-m
EQ 140 kN 180 kN-m
① Which of the following gives the maximum soil pressure (MPa)?
② Which of the following gives the smallest soil pressure (MPa)?
③ Locate the resultant force from the end of B of the footing.
A rectangular footing 2.5 m. wide along the y-axis, 3 m. long along the x-axis
supports a circular pedestal, 0.45 m in diameter. The horizontal force acting at
the top of the pedestal along the x-axis of the footing is 144 kN. The total axial
load from the pedestal is 1200 kN. Thickness of the footing is 0.70 m, height of
backfill on top of the footing is 1.5 m., depth from the top of pedestal to the base
of footing is 2.5 m. Concrete unit weight = 24 kN/m 3. Unit weight of soil = 17
kN/m3.
① Calculate the max net soil pressure.
② Calculate the min net soil pressure.
③ Calculate the required soil bearing capacity.
200. A rectangular footing 0.70 m thick, 2.5 m wide along the y-axis and 3 m long
along the x-axis, supports concentrically a column 0.40 m square subjected to the
following loads.
Axial load = 1200 kN
Moment about y-axis, My = 360 kN-m

Height of backfill on top of the footing = 1.5 m
Soil unit weight = 1.7 kN/m3
① Calculate the max net soil pressure.
② Calculate the min net soil pressure.
③ Calculate the gross safe soil bearing capacity.
201. A 300 mm square column is supported by 0.90 m wide rectangular base as

shown. The column applies to the base ax axial service load of 357 kN and a
service bending moment of 38 kN-m parallel to the longitudinal axis of the base.
The strength of the concrete in the base is 20.73 MPa and the reinforcement is
Grade 60. Fy = 414.7 MPa.
① Neglecting self-weight of the base, determine the required base length for an
allowable soil bearing pressure of 240 kN/m2.
② Which of the following gives the max factored earth pressure acting on the
footing?
③ Which of the following gives the factored flexural shear force at the critical
section?
201-A A rectangular footing has a length of 6 m and a width of 8 m long. It is

subjected to an axial load of 1600 kN and a moment of 800 kN-m.
① Determine the value of B if the allowable soil bearing pressure is 200 kPa.
② Find the maximum pressure of the footing 6 m x 2 m if the load P = 1600 kN

is acting at 1.2 m from the center of the footing along the x-axis.
③ Determine the length of the footing along the 6-meter length of footing
which is subjected to tension.
201-B A rectangular footing has a diameter of 4.8 m x 6.00 m is subjected to the
following loads:
Axial load: P = 1000 kN
Eccentricity: ey = 0.5 m
ex = 0.4 m
6
ex < =1.0
6
6
ey < =1.0
6
Mx = 1000 (0.5) My = 1000 (0.4)
Mx = 500 My = 400
① Determine the max. soil pressure.
② Determine the min. soil pressure.
③ Determine the pressure at C.
201-C A rectangular footing 3 m x 2 m carries an eccentric load P acting at d 1 = 1.5,

d2 = 0.6 m. What is the area still in contact with the soil?
201-D A rectangular footing 3 m x 2 m has a thickness of 0.40 m. If P = 700 kN is

acting at d1 = 1.50 m and d2 = 0.50, find the maximum soil pressure, neglecting
the weight of the footing.
201-E A rectangular footing 3 m x 2 m has a thickness of 0.40 m. An eccentric load P

= 800 kN is acting at d1 = 1.0 m and d2 = 1.0, determine the max. soil pressure
considering the weight of the footing. Assume concrete to weigh 24 kN/m3.
202. A 400 mm x 400 mm column carries a dead load of 890 kN and a live load of
710 kN. The column loads will be transferred to the 2.7 m x 2.7 m footing
having a total thickness of 500 mm. fc’ = 27.6 MPa for both column and footing
and fy – 415 MPa. Use normal weight concrete,  = 0.
① Compute the allowable bearing force in concrete at the column base and
indicate whether it is safe to carry the axial load.
② Compute the allowable force in footing concrete and indicate whether it is

safe to carry the axial load.
③ Compute the size of dowels and its development length.
203. A 350 mm x 350 mm square column carries a factored axial load Pu = 3560 kN.
The footing supporting the column has a dimension of 3.96 m x 3.96 m. fc’ =
20.7 MPa in the footing and 34.6 MPa in the columns with fy = 415 MPa for
both. The column is reinforced with 8 – 25 mm ø bars. Use normal weight
concrete,  = 0.
① Compute the required reinforcement for dowels.
② Compute the development length of dowels into the footing.
③ Compute the development length of dowels into the column.
The base of the footing is 1.8 m below the ground surface. It has a surcharge of
4.8 kPa on the ground surface. The thickness of the flooring is 1.2 m.
Allowable bearing pressure of the soil is 280 kPa. Weight of concrete is 24
kN/m3 and soil is 18 kN/m3.
① Which of the following gives the effective bearing pressure of soil?
② Which of the following gives the distance of the resultant force from the
extreme face of the column in order to have a uniform distribution of
pressure?
③ Which of the following gives the dimension of the footing?
The shear diagram due to ultimate loads on a combined footing is plotted along
the x-axis as shown.
Given: a = 0.4 m.
b = 3.5 m.
c = 0.4 m.
w = 2.0 M.
The net soil pressure in ultimate condition is 196 kPa and it is uniform
throughout the length of the following:
Strength reduction factor:
ø = 0.90 for moment
ø = 0.75 for shear
Effective footing depth = 500 mm
Reinforcing steel strength, fy = 413 MPa
① Which of the following gives the reinforcement of 20 mm ø required within

the length ‘b’ of the footing? Apply code provisions where applicable.
② For moment along the y-axis at face of columns A and B, which of the
following gives the required spacing (mm) of 20 mm ø bars? Apply code
provisions where applicable.
③ Which of the following gives the maximum wide-beam shear stress (MPa)?
A combined footing is shown on the figure.

Dimension = 6 m x 4 m
Column = 400 mm x 400 mm
Net soil pressure in ultimate condition = 98 kPa
Distance between columns = 3.9 m
Reduction factor for shear, ø = 0.75
Reduction factor for moment, ø = 0.90
fc’ = 27.5 MPa
fy = 413 MPa
① Determine the max punching shear stress.
② Determine the wide beam shear stress.
③ Determine the number of 12 mm ø bars parallel to the length of footing

within the length of d1.
206-A The figure shows a multiple column footing which must be designed as
support two columns, A and B.
For Column A For Column B
DL = 526 kN DL = 908 kN
LL = 377 kN DL = 566 kN
The columns are oriented near the property lines as shown.
U = 1.2 DL + 1.6 LL
Allowable soil pressure = 200 kPa
Weight of footing and soil above the footing = 24 kPa

① Determine the length of the combined footing.
② Determine the width of the combined footing.
③ Determine the depth of the footing if the allowable wide beam shear stress is
0.89 MPa, ø = 0.75. Use steel covering of 100 mm measured to the center of
the reinforcing bars.
207. A rectangular combined footing carries the given tabulated loads:
Exterior column size Interior column size
(300 x 300 mm) (375 x 375 mm)
PDL = 268 kN PDL = 490 kN

PLL = 268 kN PLL = 400 kN
MDL = 27 kN-m MDL = 40.5 kN-m
MLL = 27 kN-m MLL = 40.5 kN-m
The total depth of the footing is 460 mm with an effective depth of 376 mm.
The bottom of the footing is 1.8 m below the final grade. Allowable soil
pressure is 96 kPa. Unit weight of soil is 15.7 kN/m 3 and that of concrete is
2400 kg/m3, fc’ = 20.7 MPa, fy = 414.7 MPa. The face of the exterior column is
located on the property line. Distance between two columns, center-to-center is
4.6 m. Use normal weight concrete,  = 1.0.
① Which of the following gives the dimensions of the rectangular combined

footing?
② Which of the following gives the shear stress (punching) at the critical
section near the exterior column?
③ Which of the following gives the number of 28 mm ø reinforcement needed

along the longitudinal section of the combined footing?
208. A trapezoidal footing is to be designed to carry loads, P 1 and P2, which has a
spacing of 5.48 m center to center as shown in the figure. Column 1 carries a
dead load of 1200 kN and a live load of 816 kN while Column 2 carries 900 kN
and a live load of 660 kN. Both columns have cross-sections of 460 mm x 460
mm. fc' = 21 MPa, fy = 400 MPa. Allowable bearing capacity of soil is 190
kPa.
① Compute the dimensions of A and B
② Compute the maximum design moment for the trapezoidal footing on the
longitudinal section.
③ Compute the adequacy of the trapezoidal footing if it has a thickness of 965

mm with 75 mm steel covering.
209. A strap footing carries the given loads as shown in the figure. Both columns are
400 mm square. Allowable bearing capacity of soil is 120 kPa. The columns are
spaced at 6.2 m apart. Assume that the strap should be out contact of soil so that
there are no soil reactions to modify the design assumptions: fc’ = 20.7 MPa, fy
= 414 MPa. Use normal weight concrete  = 0.
① Compute the dimension of footing A which is rectangular in cross-section so

that it will have uniform soil pressure diagrams.
② Compute the dimension of footing B (square footing), so that it will have

uniform soil pressure diagram.
③ Determine the depth of both footings A and B.
④ Determine the reinforcement requirements for both footings A and B.
⑤ Determine the maximum design shear and moment for the strap beam.
⑥ Design the reinforcement of strap beam.
A 400 mm x 400 mm column is supported as shown.
Dimensions are as follows:
a = 0.6 m. c = 1.2 m.
b = 1.8 m. d = 0.6 m.
The column carries the following service loads:
DL = 900 kN
LL = 450 kN
Steel, fy = 415 MPa
Allowable stresses at ultimate loads
For beam shear = 0.76 MPa
For punching shear = 1.52 MPa
Minimum concrete cover to the centroid of reinforcement = 0.25 m.
① Calculate the required footing thickness for the critical beam shear stress at
ultimate loads.
② Calculate the required footing thickness for punching shear stress at ultimate
loads.
③ Calculate the number of 20 mm ø bars required for that maximum moment

about the x-axis using the effective depth of footing.
The pile footing supports a column, 600 mm x 600 mm at the center. The piles
concrete with 350 mm diameter.
Net loads on the footing at ultimate condition,
Pu = 1800 kN
Mu = 165 kN-m about the x-axis
Effective depth of the footing = 600 mm

Dimensions:
a = 0.8 m
b = 1.8 m
c = 1.2 m
d = 0.8 m
Strength reduction factor
For shear = 0.75

For moment = 0.90
① Find the punching shear stress (MPa) around the square column.
② Find the critical beam shear stress (MPa)
③ Find the critical design moment.
211-A Given:
Dimension of square column = 600 mm by 600 mm
Dimension of square piles = 350 by 500 mm
Number of Piles = 9
Effective depth of the pile cap = 400 mm
Strength reduction factor for shear = 0.75
The width of footing along the x-axis is 3.6 m along the y-axis is 3.2 m
Spacing of piles along the x-axis = 1.2 m
Spacing of piles along the x-axis = 1.2 m
Spacing of piles along y-axis = 1.0 m
Loads:
My = 108 kN-m (moment about the y-axis)

Mx = 165 kN-m (moment about the x-axis)
Pu = 2700 kN
① Compute the punching shear stress on a single pile due to axial load only
② Compute the punching shear stress on the column due to axial load only.
③ Compute the punching shear stress around the most heavily loaded pile due
to axial load end moment.
211-B CE Board may 2011, May 2015
A 400 mm square column shown is supported by square footing on 5 piles as

shown. Dimensions are a = 0.75 m, b = 2 m, effective footing depth = 0.6 m.
Ultimate pile capacity = 320 kN.
Column axial loads:
Dead load D = 420 kN
Live load L = 360 kN
Earthquake load E = 210 kN
Column moment, ME, due to earthquake = 160 kN-m
U = 1.2 D + 1.0 E + 1.0 L
① Compute the critical beam shear stress at ultimate loads.
② Compute the ultimate punching shear stress.
③ Compute the maximum design moment.
211-C A column is 450 mm square and is subjected to the given.
Dead load moment about the y-axis = 100 kN-m.

Live load moment about the y-axis = 140 kN-m.
Axial loads:
Dead load = 640 kN
Live load = 700 kN
Steel yield strength, fy = 275 MPa
Column section = 450 mm x 450 mm
Diameter of pile = 300 mm
Reduction factor for shear ø = 0.75
Effective depth of pile cap = 470 mm
Allowable pile capacity = 200 kN/pile
① Determine the maximum punching shear stress around a single pile due to
axial load only.
② Determine the maximum punching shear stress around the column due to
axial load only.
③ Determine the punching shear stress around the most heavily loaded pile due
to the axial load and moment.
212. Given:
Dimension of combined footing = W x L = 3 m x 8 m
Column loads:
Pa = 1000 kN
Pb = 3200 kN
Column size = 400 mm x 400 mm

Neglecting the weight of footing and piles, determine the following:
① Max. reaction of the most stressed pile.
② Max. shear.
③ Moment at the point where pile no. 2 is acting.
213. From the figure shown, a footing 6 m x 7.5 m is supported by the group of piles
as shown (20 piles). The footing carries factored concentrated loads of 200 kN,
150 kN, 100 kN and 150 kN at points 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively.
① Which of the following gives the max. stress of pile A?
② Which of the following gives the max. stress of pile B?
③ Which of the following gives the max. stress of pile C?
④ Which of the following gives the max. stress of pile D?
213-A Two interior columns individually on pile caps that are inter connected by a
grade beam shown. Determine from centerline to centerline of column is 6 m.
Location of pile cap B is due to mislocated piles. Pile cap B is designed by
assuming that the loads are equally distributed to each pile within the pile cap.
Use normal weight of concrete,  = 1.0.
Dimension of column = 500 mm x 500 mm
Capacity of piles = 1300 kN
Effective depth of pile cap = 800 mm
fc’ = 34.6 MPa, fy = 414.6 MPa.
① Find the ultimate punching shear stress at pile cap A.

② Find the ultimate beam shear at pile cap A.
③ Find the max. design moment for pile cap B.
213-B An error was made in driving a group of piles, such that the piles in column A
were driven 150 mm, away from the center of the column. They were supposed
to support. To eliminate eccentricity in the pile group, a reinforced concrete
beam is installed as shown. Use normal weight of concrete,  = 1.0.
① Which of the following gives the load carried by each pile under column A?
② Which of the following gives the load carried by each pile under column B?
③ Which of the following gives the max. shear carried by the reinforced
concrete beam?
④ Which of the following gives the max. bending moment carried by the
reinforcement beam?
214. A retaining wall 4.60 m high carries a surcharge of 11.97 kN/m 2 on the level
backfill. Assume weight of soil = 15.71 kN/m3 and concrete to be 21.56 kN/m3.
Angle of internal friction = 32˚, fc’ = 20.68 MPa, fy = 344.7 MPa. Use  =
0.18 fc '
, steel covering = 75 mm. Load factor for soil pressure and weight of soil
fy
is 1.6.
① Determine the design moment of the retaining wall.
② Determine the thickness of the stem of the retaining wall.
③ Determine the spacing of the 25 mm ø vertical main reinforcement for the

stem of the retaining wall.
215. A retaining wall carries a horizontal backfill with a soil having a unit weight of
18.8 kN/m3. Coefficient of active pressure Ka = 1/3. The base has a depth of 0.5
m. Steel covering is 75 mm. Concrete weighs 24 kN/m 3. Load factor for weight
of soil and soil pressure = 1.6.
fc’ = 20.7 MPa, fy = 414 MPa.
① Compute the factor of safety against sliding if the coefficient of friction

between the soil and the base of the wall is 0.57.
② Compute the design moment for the stem.
③ Compute the spacing of 25 mm ø bars on the stem.
215-A A typical portion of counter fort retaining wall is shown in the figure.
Wt. of soil = 17 kN/m3
Wt. of normal weight of concrete = 23.6 kN/m3
Equivalent fluid pressure = 2.4 kN/m2/m
Passive soil pressure on the key = 36 kN/m2/m
Coefficient of friction = 0.45
fc’ = 20.7 MPa
fy = 414.6 MPa
Steel covering for all bars = 80 mm
Load factor for weight of soil and soil pressure = 1.6
Load factor for weight of concrete = 1.2
Neglect weight of soil above the footing.
① Determine the factor of safety against sliding.
② Determine the required vertical reinforcement at the rear face, bar A.
③ Determine the vertical reinforcement at the front face, bar B.
④ Determine the horizontal reinforcement of bar C.

⑤ Determine the reinforcement required at he back of typical counter fort, bar
D.
⑥ Determine the reinforcement of bar F.
216. The counterfort retaining wall is back filled with a material which has a unit
weight of 15.74 kN/m3.
Angle of internal friction ø = 30˚
Height of wall = 3.6 m
Width of the base of the retaining wall is 2.8 m.
Clear distance between counterforts = 3.6 m
Consider the wall is continuously supported over the counterforts.
Assume that restraint develops at A and E.
① Determine the shear force per meter acting at the base of the wall at A.
② Determine the ultimate moment at the wall at B.
③ Determine the ultimate moment at the wall at F midway between A and B.
216-A Given:
Square footing = 2.7 m x 2.7 m
Axial load P = 1200 kN
Horizontal load H = 600 kN
Moment M = 180 kN-m
Location of H above the top of the pile d = 3 m
Row A piles are battered 3 H to 12 V

Neglecting the weight of footing and piles.
Column = 400 x 400 mm
① Compute the reaction per pile on row B to resist all the loads acting on the
footing.
② Compute the reaction per pile on row A to resist all the loads acting on the
footing.
③ Compute the reaction per pile C to resist all the loads acting on the footing.
217. A pile supporting a foundation for a cantilever retaining wall is designed as

shown. Assuming that the allowable ultimate load per pile is 130 kN and that
each pile can resist a horizontal load of 13 kN due to its moment capacity
combined with the passive soil resistance. Row one piles are battered 4:12 and
row two piles are battered 3:12. The load per meter length of wall V U = 220 kN,
MU = 360 kN.m, HU = 72 kN.
① Which of the following gives the centroid of the group of the piles from row
one?
② Which of the following gives the max. pile loads acting on row one?
③ Which of the following gives the horizontal load carried by each pile
assuming they carry equal loads?
218. The prestressed I-beam shown in cross section with bonded tendons is
pretensioned using seven ordinary stress-relieved strands Grade 250 (fpu = 1728
MPa) carrying an effective prestress fpe = 988 MPa, fpy = 1480 MPa, fc’ = 27.6
MPa.
Total depth of beam = 600 mm
Distance from center to tendons to the top of the beam = 440 mm
Aps = 650 mm2
Average flange thickness = 150 mm

Width of flange = 300 mm
Thickness of web = 100 mm
① Which of the following gives the value of the stress in prestressed

reinforcement at nominal strength?
② Which of the following gives the nominal flexural strength of the beam?
③ Which of the following gives the design strength of the beam?
④ Is the beam over reinforced or under reinforced?
219. The prestressed I-beam shown is pretensioned by using ordinary stress relieved
strands having a specified tensile strength fpu = 1750 MPa, fpy = 1480 MPa. The
beam has a total depth of 600 mm with a distance from the centroid of the
tendons to the top of the beam equal to 440 mm. Area of prestressed
reinforcement in tension is 650 mm2. Width of flange is 300 mm a web
thickness of 100 mm. The average flange thickness is 127 mm. fc’ = 27.6 MPa
and B1 = 0.85.
① Compute the stress in the prestress reinforcement when the beam fails in
flexure.
② Compute the nominal flexural strength of the beam.
③ Compute the design strength of the beam.
④ Is the beam under or over reinforced?
220. The beam shown is prestressed by using a bonded (stress relieved tendons) with
a specified tensile strength of prestressing tendons fpu = 1350 MPa, fc’ = 35
MPa. The area of prestressed reinforcement in tension zone Aps = 1000 mm 2.
The specified yield strength of prestressing tendons fpy = 1160 MPa.
① Which of the following gives the value of the stress in prestressed

reinforcement at nominal strength (fps)?
② Which of the following gives the value of the depth of the compression
block?
③ Which of the following gives the ultimate moment capacity of the

prestressed beam?
221. A prestressed T-beam shown which is reinforced with a bonded tendon having
an area Aps = 1580 mm2, fc’ = 34.5 MPa, fpu = 1862 MPa, and the effective
stress after losses fse = 1102 MPa, fpy = 1713 MPa. Span of beam is 6 m.
① What is the value of the stress in prestressed reinforcement at nominal

strength (fps)
② Find the ultimate moment capacity.
③ Find the live load.
222. A 250 mm x 500 mm prestressed beam has a simple span of 6 m. The beam uses
stress relieved tendons with specified tensile strength fpu = 1350 MPa and an
effective stress in pre stressed reinforcement after allowable for all prestress
losses fse = 760 MPa. The prestressed beam is not to be grouted (unbonded)
after the application of the prestress. If the area of prestress reinforcement in
tension zone is Aps = 1000 mm2 applied 70 mm above the bottom of the beam
and fc’ = 35 MPa, determine the following:
① The reinforcement indices for the prestressed beam.
② The safe ultimate moment capacity of the beam.
③ The safe live load that the prestressed beam could carry if concrete weighs
23.544 kN/m3.
221. An I – beam with a flange width of 460 mm and a thickness of 175 mm has a
total depth of 900 mm. Thickness of web is 140 mm. The prestressed beam is
provided by unbonded tendons with an effective prestress after all losses fse =
1,100 MPa, fpy = 1,500 MPa, fc’ = 36 MPa.
① Compute the stress in prestressed reinforcement at nominal strength if it has

a span of 28 m.
② Determine the number of 16 mm ø bonded steel reinforcement needed to

satisfy the NSCP requirements. Place the steel bars 50 mm above the bottom
of the beam.
③ Determine the ultimate moment capacity of the beam if it is supplied with an

unbonded tendons placed at 115 mm above the bottom of the beam in
addition to that of the steel reinforcement needed Aps = 1750 mm2.
A beam with width b = 250mm and depth d = 450mm is prestressed by an initial

force of 600 kN. Total loss of prestress at service loads is 15%.
① Calculate the resulting final compressive stress if the prestressing force is

applied at the centroid of the beam section.
② Calculate the final compressive stress if the prestressing force is applied at

the eccentricity of 100 mm below the centroid of the beam section.
③ Calculate the eccentricity at which the prestressing force can be applied so

that the resulting tensile stress at the top fiber of the beam is zero.
A beam with width b = 300 mm and depth d = 600 mm is to be pre stressed.

Considering a 15% pre stress loss, compute the value of the final pre stressing
force P and eccentricity e.
① If the compressive stress of 21 MPa.
② If the compressive stress at the bottom fiber is 12 MPa and the tensile stress
at the top fiber is 2 MPa.
③ If the compressive stress at the top fiber is 16 MPa and zero at the bottom
fibers.
A 6m long cantilever beam 250mm x 600mm carries a uniformly distributed

dead load (beam weight included) of 5 kN/m throughout the length and a
concentrated live load of 18 kN at the free end. To prevent excessive deflection
of the beam it is pretensioned with 12 mm diameter strands causing a final
prestressing force of 540 KN.
① Determine the resulting stress at the top fiber at the free end if the center of
gravity of the strands coincide the centroid of the section.
② Determine the resulting stress at the top fiber fixed end if the center of
gravity of the strands is at 100mm above the neutral axis of the beam.
③ Determine the eccentricity of the pre stress force at the fixed end such that
the resulting stress at the top fiber of the beam at the fixed-end is zero.
225. CE Board May 2012; May 2013
The flooring of a warehouse is made up of double-tee joists as shown. The joists

are simply supported on a span of 7.5 m and are pre-tensioned with one tendon
in each stem with an initial jacking force of 745 kN each, located 75 mm above
the bottom fiber. Loss of stress at service loads is 18%.
Load imposed on the joists are:

Dead Load = 2.3 kPa
Live Load = 6 kPa
Properties of DT:
A = 200,000 mm2
I = 1880 x 106 mm4
yt = 88 mm
yb = 267 mm
a = 2.4 m
Compute the stress in MPa at the top fiber at left support due to service load and
final prestressing force.
226. CE Board Nov. 2012, May 2013
A building for office use is designed using the prestressed hollow core slab
shown.
Properties of slab are as follows:
A = 1.2 x 105 mm2
St = Sb = 4.16 x 106 mm3
The slab is prestressed with 500 KN force at an eccentricity e = 38mm below the
centroid of the section. The weight of the slab is 2.35 KPa, superimposed dead
load is 2.0 kPa, live load is 2.4 KPa. The slab is simply supported on bearings at
L = 7.5m. Allowable stresses at service loads are 3.2 MPa in tension and 18.5
MPa in compression. Consider 20% loss of prestress at service loads.
① Determine the resulting stress at the bottom fibers of the slab L/4 from the
center of the bearings.
② Determine the resulting stress at the bottom fibers of the slab at midspan.
③ Determine the maximum total load (KPa) that the slab can carry if the
allowable stresses at service loads are not to be exceeded.
227. The hollow core shown is pre stressed with four 12 mm diameter low relaxation
strands with an allowable stress of 1866 MPa and is simply supported on
masonry walls with a span length of 6 m. Center to center of the supports. In
addition to self-weight, the section carries a super-imposed live load of 10.8 kPa.
Material properties are fc’ = 34.56 MPa.
① Determine the stress at the bottom fibers of the hollow core section at
midspan due to the initial prestressing force alone.
② Determine the stress at the bottom fibers due to service loads and pre stress
force.
③ What additional super imposed load can the hollow core section carry such
that the resulting stress at the bottom fibers at midspan is zero?
228. A 300 mm x 400 mm concrete beam has a span of 6 m. A posttension force of

640 kN was applied at a point 70 mm above the bottom of the beam. Assume
concrete won’t crack in tension. fc’ = 20.7 MPa. Unit weight of concrete is 23.5
kN/m3.
① Compute the deflection due to prestressing force of 240 kN.
② Compute the net deflection of the beam immediately after transfer.
③ Compute the safe uniform live load that maybe imposed on the beam so that
there will be a net deflection upward of 5 mm.
229. A simply supported symmetrical I-beam shown in cross section will be used on a
12 m. simple span. It has the following properties:
Moment of inertia, Ic = 0.005 m4
Concrete area, A = 0.1135 m2
The beam is to carry a super imposed dead load considered sustained, not short
term) of 10.97 kN/m in addition to its own weight of 2.68 kN/m. The beam will
be pretensioned with multiple seven-wire strands with the centroid at a constant
eccentricity of 200 mm.
The prestress force P immediately after transfer will be 704 kN, after time-
dependent losses, the force will reduce to Pe = 598 kN. The design strength of
the concrete fc’ = 34.6 MPa and at the time of pre stressing the strength will be
fc’i = 25.9 MPa.
① Which of the following gives the concrete flexural stress at the midspan
section at the time of transfer (top and bottom)?
② Which of the following gives the concrete flexural stress at the midspan
section after all losses with full-service load in place?
③ Which of the following gives the allowable stresses in the concrete?
a) Tension at transfer
b) Compression at transfer
c) Tension at service load
d) Compression at service load
230. A pre-stressed beam having a cross section of 500 mm x 750 mm is subjected to

a pre stressing force of 1600 kN acting on the parabolic tendons shown. The
beam has a span of 8 m and carries a total uniform load of 40 kN/m including its
own weight.
① Which of the following gives the max. stress at the top and bottom using
conventional method?
② Which of the following gives the max. stress at the top and bottom using
internal resisting couple method?
③ Which of the following gives the max. stress at the top and bottom using load
balancing method?
231. A post tension bonded beam with a transfer prestress of 1560 KN is being
wrongly picked up at its mid-point. The parabolic tendons used is placed at a
distance of 175 mm from the bottom at the midspan and at the center of the beam
at its ends. The beam has a span of 12 m. Modulus of rupture f r = 0.62 √ fc ' .
Dimension of the beam is 300 mm x 600 mm. fc’ = 34 MPa, wt. of concrete = 24
kN/m3.
① Compute the stress at the top fiber at its midspan.
② Compute the eccentricity at the midspan so that the stress of concrete at the
top fiber will not crack.
③ Determine the distance from both ends where the beam should be picked up
to avoid any possibility of damage to the beam during handling.

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1. A concrete mix has a specified compressive strength fc’ = 28 MPa.

② Compute the average compressive strength of concrete f cr such that the

2. A group of 15 tests on a given type of concrete had a mean strength of 25.33

3. ① A modulus of rupture test uses a 150 mm x 150 mm x 600 mm unreinforced

② A 150 mm x 300 mm unreinforced concrete cylinder resisted a transverse

③ Determine the average compressive strength of a concrete mix with specified

4. In accordance with NSCP specs, strength level of an individual class of concrete

② No individual strength least (average of two cylinders) fails below f c’ by

Set A Set B Set C Set D

Equation ① fc’r = fc’ + 1.34S

Equation ② fc’f = fc’ + 2.33S + 3.5

fc’r = required average compressive strength of concrete

f c’ = specified design strength

A batching plant is to provide concrete mix to its clients (contractors) with a

1) 21.08 MPa 6) 23.15 MPa 11) 25.57 MPa

2) 21.43 MPa 7) 24.05 MPa 12) 25.92 MPa

3) 21.77 MPa 8) 24.19 MPa 13) 26.61 MPa

4) 22.46 MPa 9) 24.33 MPa 14) 26.96 MPa

5) 22.81 MPa 10) 25.23 MPa 15) 27.30 MPa

6. CE Board Nov 2007

Description Dimension Quantity

From the NSCP Codes

From the following data:

① Compute the total volume of columns.

② Compute the total area of shear wall.

7. CE Board Nov, 2012

A three-storey building has interior columns spaced 8 m. apart in two

Given design loads:

Floor: DL = 7 kPa (typical each floor)

LL = 2.4 kPa (3rd floor)

LL = 6.0 kPa (2nd floor)

In accordance with NSCP provisions, reduced floor live load.

Lo = unreduced live load

A1 = influence area (equal 4 times tributary area for a column)

Based on the tributary area of an interior column.

Specific gravity = 3.15

Wt. of one bag = 40 kg

Fineness modulus = 2.65

Specific gravity = 2.48

Specific gravity = 2.68

Dry bulk density = 1680 kg/m3

Water = 26 liters per bag of cement

Cement content = 6.5 bags mix

Coarse aggregate = 0.57 bulk

③ What is the water-cement ratio?

④ What is the weight of cement per cu.m. of fresh concrete?

⑥ What is the absolute volume of cement in 1 m3 of fresh concrete?

⑦ What is the volume of water designed for use in 1 m3 of concrete?

⑧ What is the weight of sand per m3 of fresh concrete?

⑨ What is the unit weight of the concrete mix in kN/m3?

9. Roller compacted concrete is ordered using the following parameters.

Water – cement ratio = 0.63

Weight of water = 1100 N/m3

Specific gravity of Portland cement = 3.15

Specific gravity of fly ash = 2.25

Percentage of fly ash in cementitious material = 40%

Materials Sp. Gravity Density

① Compute the total volume of concrete per bag of cement.

② Compute the total number of bags of cement needed.

③ Compute the total volume of water needed in liters.

11. A rectangular beam has dimensions of 250 mm by 625 mm with an effective

① Compute the concrete compression stress at the top.

② Compute the concrete tension stress at the bottom.

③ Compute the stress in the steel.