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INTRODUCTION
Introduction
Introduction
The method that is used to supply this energy to the liquid determines
the category into which the pump is placed and the system between the
.pump and the liquid final destination defines the application
Refinery
Water Flood
Transportation
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Rotodynamic pumps.
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PUMP
Rotodynamic
Positive displacement
Centrifugal
Rotary
Reciprocating
Axial flow
Mixed flow
Gear
Piston
Lobe
Diaphragm
Turbine
Sliding Vane
Screw
Plunger
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Centrifugal Pumps:
Also known as rotary pumps, centrifugal pumps have a rotating
impeller, also known as a blade, that is immersed in the liquid.
Liquid enters the pump near the axis of the impeller, and the
rotating impeller sweeps the liquid out toward the ends of the
impeller blades at high pressure.
For low flows and high pressures, the action of the impeller is
largely radial.
For higher flows and lower discharge pressures, the direction of
the flow within the pump is more nearly parallel to the axis of the
shaft, and the pump is said to have an axial flow. The impeller in
this case acts as a propeller.
Introduction
Centrifugal Pumps:
The transition from one set of flow conditions to the other is
gradual, and for intermediate conditions, the device is called a
mixed-flow pump.
Introduction
Positive-displacement Pumps:
A variety of positive-displacement pumps are also available,
generally consisting of a rotating member with a number of lobes
that move in a close-fitting casing. The liquid is trapped in the
spaces between the lobes and then discharged into a region of
higher pressure. A common device of this type is the gear pump,
which consists of a pair of meshing gears. The lobes in this case
are the gear teeth
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Parameter
Centrifugal Pumps
Reciprocating Pumps
Rotary Pumps
Medium/High Capacity,
Low/Medium Pressure
Low Capacity,
High Pressure
Low/Medium Capacity,
Low/Medium Pressure
100,000+ GPM
10,000+ GPM
10,000+ GPM
No
Yes
Yes
6,000+ PSI
100,000+ PSI
4,000+ PSI
No
Yes
Yes
Smooth
Pulsating
Smooth
Variable
Constant
Constant
No
Yes
Yes
Lower Initial
Lower Maintenance
Higher Power
Higher Initial
Higher Maintenance
Lower Power
Lower Initial
Lower Maintenance
Lower Power
Suitable for clean, clear, nonabrasive fluids. Speciallyfitted pumps suitable for
abrasive-slurry service.
Self-priming
Space Considerations
Costs
Fluid Handling
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Self-priming :
Reciprocating and rotary pumps are self-priming. This is an
important consideration where a prime cannot be maintained on
the pump. Centrifugal pumps are not inherently self-priming,
although some manufacturers do specially design self-priming
units. External priming sources, such as an eductor or vacuum
pump can also be employed.
Introduction
Costs Considerations :
The reciprocating pump will generally have higher initial capital
costs and will require more space relative to the centrifugal pump
or the rotary pump.
The reciprocating pump will generally have higher maintenance
costs relative to the centrifugal pump or the rotary pump.
The centrifugal pump will generally have higher annual power
consumption costs relative to the reciprocating pump or the rotary
pump because of lower efficiencies.
Introduction
Costs Considerations :
A pump that is selected for an application outside of its optimum
operating parameters will almost certainly not follow these rules.
For example, a rotary pump operating in a high pressure, abrasiveslurry service would probably have higher maintenance costs than
a properly selected reciprocating pump. The close running
clearances (particularly for high pressure service) required in the
rotary pump would likely result in premature wear and frequent
maintenance.
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Summary
One fact that must always be remembered: A pump does not
create pressure, it only provides flow. Pressure is a just an
.indication of the amount of resistance to flow
there are many different subcategories of pumps within these
broad categories and there are many regions of overlap
where multiple types of pumps in the same category and even
in different categories would be suitable. Since every pump
application is unique, each of the factors that influence the
pump selection must be considered in detail.