Feline Panleukopenia

BALRAM YADAV
2nd year
17-VK-97
CVSc,khanapara,Ghy-22,AAU
Also known as;
 Feline distemper
 Feline enteritis
 Agranulocytosis
HOST: It is a highly contagious and usually fatal
febrile disease of cats (and other felidae)
 ETIOLOGY

Group: Group II( ssDNA)

Family :Parvoviridae
Subfamily:Parvovirinae
Genus:Protoparvovirus
Species:Feline panleukopenia virus
Replicates in the nucleus,forms intranuclear
inclusion bodies.
Feline panleukopenia virus

Pansystemic disease
–affects multiple
body systems.

Parvovirus –non
enveloped ssDNA
virus .

Closely related to
Canine parvovirus
type 2 and mink
enteritis.
SPREAD: Virus is present in all secretions and
excretions of affected animal.
Virus is present in the urine and faeces upto 6
weeks after recovery.
• TRANSMISSION:By direct contact and through
fomites.
 Non zoonotic.
 Virus can live for more than one year in the environment.
 Pathogenesis

Entry of virus by ingestion and inhalation

Replication of virus in the mitotically active lymphoid

tissue of oropharynx and associated lymph nodes.

viraemia develops within 24 hours.

Infection of mitotically active cells in other tissues

,particularly the cells of the intestinal crypts and
lymphopoietic cells of the bone marrow,thymus, lymph
nodes and spleen.
 This results in panleukopenia and villous
atrophy

Crypts of Leiberkuhn are dilated and contain necrotic

epithelial cells.
 Intranuclear inclusion bodies are seen in the
crypt cells
Invasion of virus at the stage may lead to
of gestation( Transplacental infection) cerebeller
hypoplasia and retinal dysplasia to foetal death.
 CLINICAL SIGNS

Tiredness,lack of energy in the beginning.

Sudden rise of temperature to between 104 to 105 F.
Biphasic fever
Severe panleukopenia (abnormal decrease in all
types of leukocytes)is a constant feature.
Vomiting and uncontrollable diarrhoea.
Death usually occurs after the 2nd peak of
temperature.(in the biphasic fever).
 Dehydration and
Dehydration is a typical feature in the vomiting are
course of feline panleukopenia. prominent
clinical signs of feline
panleukopenia.
 GROSS LESIONS

Extreme dehydration and emaciation.

Mucopurulent exudate on the nasal and lachrymal
mucosa.
Mucosa of ileum is covered with haemorrhagic
exudate.
Mesenteric lymph nodes are edematous and
enlarged.
There is lack of haematopoietic marrow.
Haemorrhagic enteritis is a common Haemorrhagic
feature of feline panleukopenia, leading to diarrhoea
the
hallmark clinical manifestation of
haemorrhagic
diarrhoea.
Haemorrhagic enteritis
 HP LESIONS

Virus replicates in the dividing cells in the crypts.

• Eosinophilic intra nuclear inclusion bodies
are seen in the lining epithelium ,at the sites of
erosion.
• Superficial layers of the mucosa in the small intestine
are eroded , and the remaining epithelium undergoes
proliferation.
• Crypts lined with irregular , hyperplastic epithelial
cells.
• Site of viral replication is lymphoid organs.
HP of FPL

Organ:Intestine
Alterations :
1.Loss of intestinal crypt
epithelial cells(arrows)
2.haemorrhage(*)
3.Bacterial colonies on the
luminal surface.(arrowheads)
Diagnosis :Feline
panleukopenia infection.
 Diagnosis

1.Symptoms and agranulocytosis.

2.Demonstration of intranuclear inclusion bodies in
the epithelial cells of the small intestine.
3.Confirmatory diagnosis by –Serum
neutralisation ,haemagglutination –inhibition or
ELISA.