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NBME 3 BLOCK 1-4
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Relative risk == incidence among exposed / incidence among
nonexposed

In q incidence among exposed will be 1 person with acive Tb in

100 PPD test ie 1/100 =0.01

and incidence among nonexposed means 1 person with active tb

in10000 negative PPD test 1/10000 =0.0001

RR=0.01/0.0001

RR= 100
infectious mononucleosis 

pAthophysiology--

Infectious mononucleosis occurs with infection by the Epstein-Barr virus.

The virus replicates first within epithelial cells in the pharynx (which causes
pharyngitis, or sore throat), and later primarily within B cells (which are invaded via
their CD21). The host immune response involves cytotoxic (CD8-positive) T cells
against infected B lymphocytes, resulting in enlarged atypical lymphocytes (Downey
cells).

A similar condition can be caused by cytomegalovirus, but that one gives a negative
on heterophile antibody test.
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If you methylate DNA you inactivate it
So the Ecoli is inactive and therefore it cannot be cut
Psoriasis = hyperplasia
Any liver disease will cause secondary hyper aldosteronism
- This is because venous pooling and there is decrease in
afferent renal blood flow causing the release of rennin aka
secondary hyper aldosteronism
Synergistic relationship- Usually with all amino
glycosides (in this case penicillin’s and amino
glycosides)
Enterobius vermicularis pinworm
tape test
mebendazole
High virulence bloody diarrhea shigella flexerni
Conditional Probability:.... 

If given that the pt survived say like 1 yr( or 2 yrs etc.) and asking for probability of surviving certain # of yrs (e.g 2 yrs or 3 yrs etc.).

and the data is given in one of these two ways:

.....STRAIGHT SURVIVAL.

0--1 yr = 80 %
0--2 yr = 60 %
0--3 yr = 40 %
0--4 yr = 20 %

say like if pt survived 1 yr what would be the probability--?(in this case u DIVIDE probabi) 

DIVIDE by (prob.of # yr pt already survived e.g. 1 yr)

probability of surviving 2 yrs.......60/80 =75%

probability of surviving 3 yrs.......40/80 =50%
probability of surviving 4 yrs.......20/80 =25%

if the pt survived say like 2 yrs and probability of surviving 4 yrs?

20/60 =33 % 

.......SURVIVING THIS INTERVALE.

0--1 yr = 80%
1--2 yr = 60%
2--3 yr = 40%
3--4 yr = 20%

say like if pt survived 1 yr ,what would be the probability? (in this case MULTIPLY probabil.)
Note: Multiply probabilities in between(SKIPPING the survived yr probability in this case 80%)

probability of surviving 3 yrs = 60 times 40

probability of surviving 4 yrs = 60 times 40 times 20

If asked probability of surviving straight say like 4 yrs(from the day one without condition of already survived certain # of yr) = multiply all probabilities 80 times 60 times 40 times 20

NOw in NBME 3 bloc 2, 16 answer is D

0.875 times 0.9 times 0.9

B- would have been the answer if asked straight 4 yr survival

C- is the probability of surviving 3 yrs once the pt already survived for 1 yr
Cafe au le spots
Gap junctions
Chronic Pancreatitis
Endometreosis
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Carbon dioxide right shifts the curve
Dorsal is for sensory and Neurons with small diameter axons
and cell bodies are likely to convey information about pain
and temperature, whereas neurons with larger diameter
axons and cell bodies are more likely to convey
mechanoreceptive information
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