Flood

A POTENTIAL HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL HAZARD

Definition and Nature

Causes and Effects

Countermeasures and
Mitigations of Flood Damage
 The Philippines is blessed with
a large number of rivers, lakes and
streams.
Paradoxically, it is sometimes
excessive abundance of water
that spells trouble. Under certain
conditions, a surfeit of rainfall
results in a potentially disastrous
phenomenon - flood.
TOP 10 FLOOD PRONE AREAS IN THE
PHILIPPINES

1. Pampanga
2. Nueva Ecija
3. Pangasinan
4. Tarlac
5. Maguindanao
6. Bulacan
7. Metro Manila
8. North Cotabato
9. Oriental Mindoro
10.Ilocos Norte

-DENR (2018)
Definition and Nature

Flood is "an abnormal progressive rise in the water level of a stream that may
result in the over­flowing by the water of the normal confines of the stream with
the subsequent inundation of areas which are not normally submerged".
- PAGASA
Causes and Effects

NATURAL
ARTIFICIAL
Meteorological Blasting
Events
Construction of
temporary dams
Seismic Activities
Failure of hydraulic and
Atronomically- other control
Influenced structures
Phenomena Mismanagement of
hydraulic structures
Denudation of forest
and watershed areas
Causes and Effects
NATURAL CAUSES
Meteorological Events
- an intense and prolonged rainfall spells

Seismic Activities
- tsunamis (seismic sea waves)
- uplifting of lake and river beds from seismic
causes sometime results in the overflowing
of these bodies of water

Atronomically-Influenced
Phenomena
- high tides coinciding with the occurrence of
heavy rainfall
Causes and Effects
ARTIFICIAL CAUSES
Blasting
- causes landslides in the slopes of hills and mountains which may
result in the unintentional damming of rivers and streams
Construction of temporary dams
- produces an impediment to the flow of a river or stream which
then results in an overflow
Failure of hydraulic and other control structures
- accidents like the breaking of a dike result in the entry of an
enormous quantity of water in a protected area
Mismanagement of hydraulic structures
- may necessitate an untimely and sudden release of large
amounts of excess water
Denudation of forest and watershed areas
- alter the ecological system in a river basin will have an impact on
the hydrology of the catchment
Causes and Effects

Consequences Of
Floods

Economic Social
Environmental

Individuals And Communities

'Ursula' claims 28 lives, 12 others missing | Philstar.com
https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2019/12/27/1980131/ursula-
claims-28-lives-12-others-missing
As of December 27….
Typhoon Ursula aftermath-flooded areas in Iloilo (December 25, 2019)
https://www.projectlupad.com/typhoon-ursula-aftermath-aerial-survey-of-flooded-areas-in-iloilo/
 Panay aerial view on Christmas day 2019
https://dailyguardian.com.ph/tragic-christmas-ursulas-death-toll-in-panay-swells-to-16-nine-still-missing/
Thousands displaced in Isabela, Cagayan floods | Philstar.com

Dec 3, 2019
Thousands displaced in Isabela, Cagayan floods | Philstar.com

Dec 3, 2019
Thousands displaced in Isabela, Cagayan floods | Philstar.com

Dec 3, 2019
Thousands displaced in Isabela, Cagayan floods | Philstar.com

Dec 3, 2019
 Countermeasures and
Mitigations of Flood
Damage
Floods cannot be prevented. To a large extent, however, they can
be controlled effectively. By this is meant keeping the river from
overflowing. There are a number of ways of accomplishing this
before and during a flood:

A. Increasing the flow

capacity of a river by C. Sandbagging
B. Construction of during floods.
cleaning the channel of
dikes and levees;
debris, by dredging, by
and
straightening of channels,
etc.;
#bagyoLANG? #PINOYKAMI!
#bagyoLANG? #PINOYKAMI!
#bagyoLANG? #PINOYKAMI!
#bagyoLANG? #PINOYKAMI!
 Countermeasures and Mitigations of
Flood Damage

Individually and collectively, people in a flood-stricken area must take

precautionary measures to ensure personnel safety and health:

A. People should avoid wading in floodwaters.

B. Where houses are expected to be flooded, people
should move to higher places.
C. Electrically operated appliances should be
transferred to upper storeys of buildings.
D. When electrical fines and outlets will be submerged
in floodwater, power should be switched off.
E. Flood damage mitigation and protection is a concern
not only during the disaster. It should be practiced
before, during and after the occurrence of a flood.