How EIA is helpful in

Construction Sector
Submitted to: DR. MAYUR SHIRISH JAIN

AMARTYA RAY
Roll No: AB18024
Environmental Impact Assessment
 EIA can be defined as “the systematic examination of unintended
consequences of a development project or program, with the view
to reduce or mitigate negative impacts and maximize on positive
ones” (EEAA 1996; El Haggar and El- Azizy 2003)

 EIA is one of the main legislative tool established to minimize an

anthropogenic impact on the environment.

 It is a process by which information about the environmental effects of

a project is collected, both by the developer and from other sources, and
taken into account by the relevant decision-making body before a
decision is given on whether the development should go ahead.
Environmental Impact Assessment Act, 1992

 An Act to set out the general principles, procedure and methods to

enable the prior consideration of environmental impact assessment on
certain public or private projects is known as Environmental Impact
Assessment Act, 1992

 In this act there are three parts

i. General principles of environmental impact assessment
ii. Environmental assessment of projects  
iii. Miscellaneous
EIA Process:
Objective of EIA:

 To identify, predict and evaluate the economic, environmental and

social impact of development activities

 To provide information on the environmental consequences for

decision making

 To promote environmentally sound and sustainable development

through the identification of appropriate alternatives and mitigation
measures.
Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) should
contain the following information’s/data:
 1.Description of proposed action (construction, operation and shut down
phase) and selection of alternatives to the proposed action.
 2. Nature and magnitude of the likely environmental effects.
 3. Possibility of earthquakes and cyclones.
 4. Possible effects on surface and ground water quality, soil and air quality.
 5. Effects on vegetation, wild life and endangered species.
 6. Economic and demographic factors.
 7. Identification of relevant human concerns.
 8. Noise pollution. Efficient use of inputs.
 9. Recycling and reduction of waste.
 10. Risk analysis and disaster management.
Case Study: Mundka - Bahadurgarh Corridor
of Delhi Metro
Estimation of Vehicular Emission Loads for Different Scenarios at
Mundka – Bahadurgarh Corridors
Checklist of Impacts
Environmental Management Plan
A. Mitigation Measures
 Pre Construction Phase : Land acquisition, green cover management
 Construction Phase : Air quality management / dust prevention , noise
management, water/ water table management, surplus soil, utilities
management, Traffic diversion, labour / safety management
 Operation Phase
1. Compensation for Loss of Land
2. Compensation for Loss of Trees
3. Compensatory Afforestation and Fencing
4. Water Supply & Sanitation
5. Oil Pollution Control
6. Noise
7. Vibration Control
Methodology for Base line data collection
Environmental Management Plan (EMP)
 • Find better alternatives and ways of doing things;
 • Enhance the environmental and social benefits of a project;
 • Avoid, minimize or remedy adverse impacts; and
 • Ensure that mitigation measures are implemented;
 • Establish systems and procedures for this purpose;
 • Monitor the effectiveness of mitigation measures; and
 • Take any necessary action when unforeseen impacts occur. Ensure
that residual adverse impacts are kept within acceptable levels.
Environmental Management Plan along the
proposed corridors
 Design Stage
Seismicity
 Pre- Construction Phase
Land Acquisition
Green Cover Management Plan
Compensatory Afforestation Program
Proactive Compensation for Lost Canopy Cover
Developing Green Belt Beneath the Elevated Track
Implementation Aspects
 Construction Phase
Air Quality at Construction Sites
Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM)
Oxides of Nitrogen and Sulphur
Hydrocarbons
 Noise Management Plan
 Vibration Management Plan
 Water Management Plan
 Management of spoil generated during site clearing/construction Phase
 Soil Management Plan
 Public Utility Management Plan
 Traffic Diversions
 Mobilization of heavy Plant and machinery and haulage of construction
material
 Labour Management Plan
 Operation Phase
Air Quality
Water Demand
Water Quality
Safety Management
Fire Management
On-Site Emergency Plan
Environmental Management System

 The EMS model is envisaged on the principles of :

 • Commitment and Policy of the Metro Rail Organization to EMS at all
phases
 • Suitable strategic planning under and above commitment
 • Implementation
 • Measurement , Monitoring and Evaluation
 • Review and Improvement
Legislative Acts/Rules/Regulations applicable to
present EIA Study
 The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act. (1981
 Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, (1974
 The Forest Conservation Act (1981):
 The Delhi Preservation of Trees Act, (1994
 The Environment Protection (EPA) Act (1986):
 Municipal Solid Waste (Management and Handling) Rules (2000
 Constitution of Central Ground Water Board as an Board (MoEF
Notification Dated January 14th, 1997
 The Delhi Metro Railway (Operation and Maintenance) Act,(2002
 The Delhi Municipal Corporation Act, (1957)
 The Delhi Water Board Act (1998)
Monitoring Program during the Construction and
operation Phase (Mundka - Bahadurgarh corridor)
Case Study: The limits of environmental assessment
for hydropower in India
 A major focus of the government's is implementation of the so-called
‘50,000 MW Initiative’ aims to boost hydropower's share of the total
electricity generation from around 25% to 40% (ADB, 2007; CEA,
2008)
 Himachal Pradesh which aims to become the “hydropower state of the
country” (GoHP, 2010: 56) by almost tripling its generation capacities
from 6371 MW in 2007 to 17,730 MW in 2017
 Mountain rivers are converted into cascades of power projects, thereby
altering ecological conditions and leaving little space for original
habitats. Most notably, the repeated diversion of rivers into head race
tunnels dries up large parts of the riverbed and virtually results in the
‘disappearance’ of long river stretches
Contd….
 Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is in a position to appraise and
reduce environmental impacts and how this position might be
strengthened.
 to identify the systemic limitations of the current system for
environmental assessment and (II) to discuss to what extent the
often proposed but so far not implemented concept of Strategic
Environmental Assessment (SEA) has the potential to overcome
existing shortcomings.
 qualitative research approach. Data collection included 52 interviews
with environmental experts and local stakeholders, an extensive review
of the academic literature, policies and planning documents and personal
observations during three field visits to numerous project sites along the
rivers Sutlej
(Map of hydropower
development in
Himachal Pradesh.
Data sources: geo-
referenced SRTM
data; Landsat ETM+;
HPPCL, 2010;
HPSEB, 2013;
SANDRP, 2013.)
The limitations of environmental assessment for hydropower
development in Himachal Pradesh

 Non-consideration of cumulative effects

 Groundwater and springs
 Aquatic biodiversity
 Microclimate
 Inadequate integration of environmental aspects in policies, plans and
programs
 Coordination deficits among hydropower developers Close
coordination and cooperation between and among the entities
 Exemption of small hydropower projects from obligatory
The potential of Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) in overcoming
project reductionism

 SEA as “a systematic process for evaluating the environmental

consequences of proposed policy, plan or program initiatives .
SEA aims
 to address environmental concerns at a stage when major changes
 to prevent negative impacts and ensure positive actions before actual
impacts on the environment occur
 The potential of SEA for improving hydropower planning in Himachal
Pradesh lies first and foremost in informing decision-makers about the
risks and opportunities of extensive dam-building
The environmental and socioeconomic implications of transforming the
rivers of Himachal Pradesh into dam-cascades might lead to policy
changes that allow for making better use of the so far only marginally
tapped potential to avoid, reduce and mitigate the adverse impacts of
extensive hydropower development
References
 Final Report(Part-A) Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Studies
for Mundka - Bahadurgarh Corridor of Delhi Metro
 Alexander Erlewein,” Disappearing rivers — The limits of
environmental assessment for hydropower in India”
 https://www.pmfias.com/eia-environmental-impact-assessment/
 https://aboutcivil.org/environmental-impact-assessment
THANK YOU