Network Services

Networking for Home and Small Businesses – Chapter

6

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 For a communication network to work effectively, data in
the network must be able to move from one network
element to another. This only can happen if the network
services to move such data work. For data networks
these services fall into two categories:

Connection services
Switching services

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 Connection services
to facilitate the exchange of data between the
two network communicating end-systems with as
little data loss as possible and in as little time as
possible
How do we get the network transmitting
elements to exchange data over the network?
Two types of connection services are used:
connected oriented and connectionless
services.

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 Connected Oriented Services
With a connection-oriented service, before a client can send
packets with real data to the server, there must be a three-way
handshake.

 Acknowledgments of
all data exchanges
between end
systems
 Flow control in the
network during the
exchange, and
 Congestion control in
the network during
the exchange.
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 Connectionless Service
In a connectionless service there is no
handshaking to establish a session between the
communicating end-systems, no flow control,
and no congestion control in the network. This
means that a client can start to communicate
with a server without warning or inquiry for
readiness; it simply sends streams of packets,
called datagrams, from its sending port to the
server's connection port in single point-to-point
transmissions with no relationship established
between packets and between end-systems.

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 Network Switching Services
This is a technique by which data is moved from host to
host across the length and width of the network mesh of
hosts, hubs, bridges, routers, and gateways. This
technique is referred to as data switching.

There are two types of data switching techniques:

circuit switching and packet switching.

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 Circuit Switching
Circuit-Switched Network – a type of network where the
communications between end devices (nodes) must be
set up before they can communicate. Once set up, the
“circuit” is dedicated to the two nodes it connects for the
duration of that connection. An example of a circuit-
switched network is an analog telephone network.

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 Packet Switching
Packet switching is a method of transferring the data to
a network in form of packets. In order to transfer the file
fast and efficient manner over the network and minimize
the transmission latency, the data is broken into small
pieces of variable length, called Packet. At the
destination, all these small-parts (packets) has to be
reassembled, belonging to the same file.

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 HTTP
 Used for web pages
 HTML
– helps display the contents of a web page

 HTTP – unsecure protocol

– Port 80

 HTTPS – provides extra security/encryption

– Port 443

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