Chapter 16

In Belgian
Brussels
(1890)
 Two reasons impelled Rizal to leave Paris, namely :

• the cost of living in Paris was very high

because of Universal Exposition

• the gay social life of the city hampered his

literary works, especially the writing of El
Filibusterismo
 Rizal in Brussels
• Jose Albert was his companion when he
moved to Brussels

• Suzanne and Marie (Jaceby sisters) who

own the boarding house where Rizal lived.

• Jose Alejandro, an engineering student

who replaced Albert when he left the city.
 Rizal in Brussels
• He was busy writing his second novel, El
Filibusterismo

• He wrote articles for La Solidaridad and letters

to his family and friends.

• He spent part of his time in medical clinic.

• He had gymnastics at the gymnasium and target

practice and fencing at the armory.
 Rizal's Frugality
• " In Brussels we took our meals in a house and
Rizal on occasion suggested that we eat pansit.
We were spending so much day and we spent
one day's appropriations for the purchase of the
necessary ingredients. It seems, however, that
he committed an error in his calculation this
time and we spent two day's appropriation and
the pansit came out more than what we
intended to have. In order to remedy the error
we were compelled to have pansit for lunch and
supper for two days." said Jose Alejandro
 Articles Published in La Solidaridad
• "A La Defensa" (To La Defensa)
• "La Verdad Para Todos" (The Truth for All)
• "Vicente Barrantes' Teatro Tagalo"
• "Una Profanacion" (A Profanation)
• "Verdades Nuevas" (New Truths)
• "Crueldad" (Cruelty)
• "Differencias" (Differences)
• "Inconsequencias" (Inconsequences)
• "Llanto y Risas" (Tears and Laughters)
• "Ingratitudes" (Ingratitude)
New Orthography of Tagalog Language

• Tagalog letters k and w should be used

instead of the Spanish c and o.

Spanish Tagalog

Salacot Salakot

Arao Araw
New Orthography of Tagalog Language

• Literary works adopted the Filipinized

Tagalog orthography:

• Schiller's Wilhelm Tell and Andersen's

Fairy Tales, translated in Tagalog by Rizal
(Leipzig, 1886)

• Noli Me Tangere (Berlin, 1887)

 New Ortography of Tagalog
Language
• Sobre la Nueva Ortografia de la Lengua
Tagala" (The new Orthography of the
Tagalog Language) was published in La
Solidaridad on April 15, 1890.

• Dr. Trinidad H. Pardo de Tavera, author of

the celebrated work El Sanscrito en la
Lengua Tagala (Sanskrit in the Tagalog
Language) which was published in Paris,
1884.
Rizal's Criticizes Madrid Filipinos for
Gambling
• Rizal received news from Juan Luna and Valentin
Ventura that the Filipinos in Spain were gambling
too much.

• Rizal wrote to M. H. Del Pilar to remind Filipinos

in Madrid that they not come to Europe to gamble
but to work for their fatherland's freedom.

• The gambling people in Madrid were angry when

they learned of Rizal's moralizing. They derisively
called him "Papa" (Pope) instead of "Pepe".
 Bad News from Home
• The Calamba agrarian trouble was getting
worst.

• The management of the Dominican

hacienda continually raised the land rents.

• The Dominican order filled a suit in court

to dispossess the Rizal Family of their
lands in Calamba.
 Bad News from Home
• The tenants were persecuted.

• Paciano, Antonio Lopez (husband of

Narcissa) and Silvestre Ubaldo (husband
of Olympia) were deported to Mindoro.

• Manuel T. Hidalgo (husband of Saturnina)

was banished to Bohol for the second time.