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Current Motors
Speed Control Variables
Vt Ra
T o
K K 2
• Soft transition
• Sufficient speed damping
• Over-voltage must not exceed the tolerable limit
of the system components.
• The magnitude of the inrush current should be
kept under control
• Natural electromechanical oscillations should be
avoided.
Concept of Speed Control by Adding
Resistance
If Radd
Ia
Ea
Vf Rf Vt
Ra
Speed
2
Ra + R add1
3
Ra + R add3
Ra + R add2
4
Torque
Vt Ra Radd
2 T o 2
K ( K )2
Example 6.1
A 150 V, dc shunt motor drives a constant-
torque load at a speed of 1200 rev/min. The
armature and field resistances are 1 and
150 respectively. The motor draws a line
current of 10 A at the given load.
a. Calculate the resistance that should be added to
the armature circuit to reduce the speed by 50%.
b. Calculate the resistance that must be added to
the armature circuit to operate the motor at
holding condition.
Speed
150 2
I a1 I1 I f 10 9 A Ra + Radd1
150 Ra + Radd3
3
Ra + Radd2
4
E a1 K 1 V I a1 Ra Torque
E a 2 K 2 V I a 2 ( Ra Radd 1 ) I
Td
Ia I a1 I a 2 Ra
K
If Rf Vt
Ea1 1 n1 V I a Ra Ea
Ia
Ea 2 2 n2 V I a ( Ra Radd 1 )
1200 150 9 1
Radd 1 7.83
0.5 1200 150 9 ( 1 Radd 1 )
Speed
Radd1<Radd2<Radd3
Solution: Part b
Ra
2
Ra + Radd1
3
Ra + Radd3
Ra + Radd2
4
Torque
K V I a ( Ra Radd ) 0
V 150
Radd Ra 1 15.67
Ia 9
Concept of Speed Control by Adjusting
Armature Voltage
1f
1a
Ea
Vf Rf Vt
Ra
V1>V2>V3>V4
V1
o1 1
V2
o2 2
o3 3 V3
V4
o4 4
Torque
Ttot
Vt Ra
T
K ( K )2
Concept of Speed Control by Adjusting
Field Voltage
If
Ia
Vf Ea
Rf Vt
Ra
o3 Vf3
Vf1>Vf2>Vf3
Vf2 3
o2
2
Vf1
o1 1
Torque
Ttot
Vt Ra
T
K ( K )2
Example 6.3
150
I a1 I I f 1 10 9A
150 Ra
If Rf Vt
Ia
Ea
Solution o2 Vf2 Vf1>Vf2
2
Td K1 I a1 K 2 I a 2
Vf1
o1 1
I a 2 1 I a1
2
If1 1
I a2 I a1 9 11 .25 A Td Torque
If2 0.8
Ea1 K1 1 V I a1 Ra 1 n1 V I a1 Ra
2 n2 V I a 2 Ra
E a 2 K 2 2 V I a 2 Ra
1 1200 150 9 2
0.8 n2 150 11 .25 2
n2 1448.86 rpm
Solid-State Control
Converter
Rectifier
& Filter
Field
Motor
Single-Phase, Half-Wave Drives
VAK
Ra
Vt
VS La
Ea
vt vs (u u ) Ea [1 (u u )]
vt (Vmax sin t ) (u u ) Ea [1 (u u )]
200.00
150.00 Ea+i Ra vt
100.00
Ea
50.00 vt
i i
0.00
0 90 180 270 360 450 540
-50.00
100.00
150.00 vs
200.00
Angle
vt vs (u u ) Ea [1 (u u )]
vt (Vmax sin t ) (u u ) Ea [1 (u u )]
vt Ea
i
Ra jX a
vt vs (u u ) Ea [1 (u u )]
VAK
vt Ea v L i Ra
Vt ave Ea VL ave I ave Ra
Ra
Vt ave Ea I ave Ra VS
Vt
La
2 2 Ea
1 Ra
2 0 vt dt Ea 2 i
0
dt
1 2 Ra
2
Let
~
K K
2
and
~ Vmax
Vt [cos cos ]
2
Then
~ Ra I a Vt Ra I a
Vt
~ ~ K K
K K
Example 6.3
• A 1-hp dc shunt motor is loaded by a
constant torque of 10 NM. The
armature resistance of the motor is 5 ,
and the field constant K = 2.5 V sec.
The motor is driven by a half wave SCR
converter. The power source is 120 V,
60 Hz. The triggering angle of the
converter is 60o, and the conduction
period is 150o. Calculate the motor
speed and the developed power.
Solution
T 10
I ave 4 A
K 2.5
Vmax
[cos cos ] K Ra I ave
2 2
2 120 150
cos( 60 ) cos( 60 150 ) 2.5 5 4
2 360
i1
S1 S4
Ra La
VS Ea
Vt
S3 S2
i2
200.00
150.00
vt vt
100.00 Ea
50.00 i1 i2
0.00
-50.00 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360
-100.00
-150.00 v2 v1
-200.00
Angle
Vt ave Ea I ave Ra
2 2 Ra
2 vt dt Ea
2 i dt
0 0
1 Ra
vt dt vt dt Ea
i dt
Vmax
cos( ) cos( ) Ea Ra I ave
Vmax
cos( ) cos( ) K Ra I ave
Continuous Armature Current
i
Load3
Load2
Load1
Angle
180o
Vmax
cos( ) cos( 180 ) Ea Ra I ave
2Vmax
cos( ) Ea Ra I ave K Ra I ave
Vmax
cos( ) cos( ) K Ra I ave
2Vmax
cos( ) K Ra I ave
Discontinuous Continuous Current
Current
1
2
3
Torque
4
Example 6.4
• For the motor in Example 6.3,
assume that the converter is a full-
wave type. The triggering angle of
the converter is 60o, and the
conduction period is 150o.
Calculate the motor speed and the
developed power.
Solution
T 10
I ave 4 A
K 2.5
2 120 150
cos( 60 ) cos( 60 150 ) 2.5 5 4
180
60 200
cos
1
2 2.5 2 21.7
o
2 2 120 2.5 60
Effect of Free-Wheeling Diode
S1
I1
V1
Ra La
VS Ea
V2 Id
S2
i
ia
Id
Angle
During diode conduction
did
Ea Ra id La
dt
( t ) ( t )
Ea 1 e
id I ( )e
Ra
Speed Control of
DC Series motor