PREPARATION FOR GIVING

FIRST AID
 The need for first aid. As has been mentioned several times
previously, we live in an age of machines, speed,and congestion.
All these factors help cause accidents. In recent years, many
attempts have been made through legislation, better engineering
,new inventions,protective machinery, safety devices,and
education , to control the increased dangers of accidents.The
service of a doctor are not always available at the time of an
accident.
GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF FIRST AID
TREATMENT
 WHAT TO DO FIRST. In adminidtering first aid treatment , a
person should keep these general principles in mind
 1.keep the injured person lyingin a comfortable position.
 2.look for serious bleeding ,stoppage of breathing, and poisoing in
that order.. then look for wounds, burns,fractures,and dislocations.
 3.keep the injured person warm
 4.Send someone to call a physician or ambulance
 5. Never give any liquid to an unconscious person
 6. keep the patient comfortable and cheerful. Do not let him see
his own injury. 
FIRST AID FOR BLEEDING INJURIES
 WOUNDS: The most common type of injuries requiring first aid treatment is wounds .A woud
is an injury in which the skin is broken or penetrated. First aid treatment is necessary to prevent
germs growing in the wounds, causing infection, or to prevent severe bleeding in case the wound
is deep, unless a doctor will see the victimimmediately
 TREATMENT FOR SHOCK:When the body processes are grestly depressed or slowed down
due to the partial failure of the circulation the condition is known as shock.His pulse is usually
rapid and weak his skin feels cool although his forehead and irregular.The victim may or may not
be unconscious.The cause of shock are numerous but usually it is caused by some serious injury
such as a large cut bad burn, or some condition causing loss of blood.
 EMERGENCY TELEPHONE NUMBERS: Every home should be prepared for an emergency.
Prompt action is essential in case of illness.fire burns acalds explosions and many other accidents.

 Your family doctor or one near by The nearest ambulance service

 The nearest hospital The fire department
 The gas company The electric light and power company
 The pólice departmebt
 FIRST AID TREATMENT FOR
SPRAINS AND STRAINS
Sprains. A wrenching or twisting of a joint producing a stretching or tearing of ligaments is called a sprain.
Strains. An excessive stretching of muscles or tendons is known as a strain SUch strain are usually cause
by lifting heavy objets or sudden twisting of the different parts of the body.
Nosebleed.To stop nosebleed, have the victin sit up strainght and tilt the head back slighrly .
Bruises. A bruise is an injury to the tiny blood vessels and body cells just under the skin.When the blood
from the injured capillaries oozes under the skin, it causes discoloration and swelling to the injured part.
Using a Tourniquet. A tourniquet is a piece of material which is wrapped around the arm or leg to stop
bleeding from a wound.It is folden in the from of a cravat, wrapped around the arm or leg twice ,and tied
with a square knot.
Stopping Serious Bleending.Serious bleeding must be stopped at once .The loss of even as a quart of
bood by an adult can cause serious consequences.This amount can adult can be lost within a minute if one
of the large blood vessels is cut.
Severe Arterial Bleeding.For severe arterial bleeding of the upper and lower extremities of the body,
the use of finger pressure or a tourniquet may be helful.There are several places where finger pressure can
be applied to arteries and partially shut off the flow of bloodd to certain parts of the body
TREATMENT OF INJURIES CAUSED BY
HEAT AND COLD
 BURNS, SCALDS, AND CHEMICAL BIURNS: Injuries to the skin
and tissues caused by contact with dry or moist heat,electricity,
chemical, or the sun´s rays are known asbuens.
 SUNBURN:For sunburn apply a burn ointment to the reddened
área of the skin .If blisters are present apply a steriñe dressing
and see a doctor.
 CHEMICAL BURNS:in case of chemical burns, wash the affected
parts of the skin at once in clean wáter.
 TREATMENT FOR FAINTING
 . Fainting is a temporary loss of consciousness caused by the lack
of a sufficient supply of blood to the brain
 It may be due to fatigue, hunger, fear, general weakness
following illness or the sight of blood.
 immediately should be placed flat on his back with his head
lowered
 Tight clothing around the neck should be loosened in order to
make breathing easier
 Sprinkling cold water on the face or holding smelling salts of
aromatic spirits of ammonia near the nose
 TREATMENT FOR
POISONING
 There are many substances that, if
taken internally, can produce latal
results if immediate attention is not
given to victims
 There are many substances that, if
taken internally, can produce latal
results if immediate attention is not
given to victims
 It is important that the poison is
removed from the stomach before
other parts of the body absorb it.
 It is esencial to give the victim large
quantities of some fluid wich will
cause vomiting
 Oil that some plants contain can
cause severe poisoning if it reaches
the skin.
BITES
 The most commom of these
are mosquitos, spiders, bees,
wasps…
 The bites of these insects are
not dangerous but the
irritating effects will be
lessened if proper treatment
 In case of an insect bite, the
sting should be removed if
possible and treat the wound
with an antiseptic.
 Place a compress soaked in
baking soda or water with
ammonia in the affected area
or areas.
 EYE INJURIES SUFFOCATION OR
STRANGULATION
 Sometimes particles,  The most common incidents that
such as dust or ashes, suspend breathing are: drowning,
lodge in the eye and electric shock, inhalation of carbon
cause discomfort monoxide gas, suffocation and
taking too many sleeping pills.
 A person should not rub
 When breathing stops, a lifeguard
the eye or examine it
must give the victim artificial
without first washing the respiration that causes air to enter
hands thoroughly and exit the victim's lungs.
 Tears will form in  If breathing is very difficult for any
sufficient quantity to reason, such as asphyxiation,
strangulation or asphyxiation,
wash particles from the
artificial oxygen should be applied
eye within a short time, as soon as possible to keep the
especially if one pulls victim alive
the upper eyelid outward
and downward.
 FIRST AID SUPPLIES
 First aid equipment and supplies are essential for administering first aid in case of
accidents and emergencies. They should be accessible and ready to use when the
opportunity to provide first aid arises.
 Each household must have a first aid kit or a kit containing items and supplies
essential for emergency treatment.
 In fact, first aid kits should be available in all places where accidents or sudden
illnesses are likely to occur as schools companies swimming pools .....
 The size of the kit and the items it will contain will depend on the circumstances. A
good first aid kit for the home should contain the following materials:

Adhesive tape, 1" and 2“ Absorbent cotton

Burn ointment Antiseptic solution
Sterile roller bandages, 1" and 2“ Scissors and Tweezers
Bicarbonate of soda Clinical thermometer
Ice bag Rubbing alcohol
Aspirin tablets Band aids
Petrolatum
 ACTIVITY FOR HEALTH
Authorities do not agree as to whether the moden game of golf
originated in Holland or in Scotland.
A Scot who lived in New York, first introduced golf in the United
States in the 1880s.
 Golf. It is a sport that can definitely lead a later life as a form of
personal recreation. an individual sport
 It provides the opportunity to obtain a large amount of fresh air
and sunlight, gentle exercise and good company.
 The game may be played by one individual who may play against
this own record or that of a course or a golf link