Chapter 1

Linear Equations in two variables

 Equation is a statement that asserts the equality of two expressions. Example: x – 2 = 4

Degree of Equation – highest degree of variables

Degree one Degree two

Linear equation in two variable Quadratic equation involving

Linear equation in one (maximum index is one) one variable
variable Eg: 3x – 4y = -12 (maximum index is two)
(maximum index is one) Eg: x2 - 4 = 0
Eg: y – 2 = 5

General form - ax + by + c = 0, 4m + 3n – 12 = 0

Solving two equations in two variables at the same time – Simultaneous Equations

Methods of finding solutions of the equation

 Elimination
method

Methods of
Substituti
on finding Graphical
method solution of the method
equations

Cramer’s method
(using
Determinants)
 SUBSTITUION METHOD

Eg: 5x – 3y = 8 …(i)
3x + y = 2 ….(ii)
1st step
Write value of y in terms of x from equation (ii),
y = 2 – 3x ….(iii)
2nd step
Substituting this value of y in equation (i) 5x – 3y = 8
5x – 3 (2 – 3x ) = 8
14x = 14
x = 1
3rd step
Substituting x =1 in equation (iii)
y = 2 – 3x
= 2 – 3(1)
=2–3
= -1
ANS:  x = 1, y = - 1 is the solution

 
 
 ELIMINATION METHOD

Eg: 5x – 3y = 8
3x + y = 2
1st step
5x – 3y = 8 ….(i)
3x + y = 2 x 3 ….(ii)
2nd step
5x – 3y = 8
+ 9x + 3y = 6
14x = 14
x = 1
3 step
rd

Substituting x =1 in equation (ii)

3x + y = 2
3x1+y=2
y=2–3
= -1
ANS: Solution x = 1, y = -1

OR
(x,y) = (1 , -1)

 
 
 GRAPHICAL METHOD
points to be noted
 
i) Find atleast 4 ordered pairs for given equation and out of ordered pair atleast one
should be negative.
 
ii) Draw X-axis and Y-axis on graph paper and plot the points.
 
iii) See that all 4 points lie on one line.
 
iv) Write the scale on right hand side of graph paper
1 cm = 1 unit on both axis
 
v) Draw the table on the answer sheet.
 
vi) Point of intersection of two lines is the solution of the two equations.

 
 
 CRAMER’S METHOD (USING DETERMINANTS)

i) is a determinant and (a, b) (c, d) are rows &

a b
c , d are columns.
ii) Value of Determinants

iii) a1 x + b1 y = c1 ….(i)
a2 x + b2y = c2 ….(ii) , a1 b1 c1
a2 columns of x terms ,b2 columns of y terms, c2 are columns of constant.

METHOD:
1st step : Find D
Columns of constants c1 is omitted.
c2

\D = = a1b2 - b1a2

2nd step : Find Dx : In Dx the columns of coefficients of x, a1 c1

a2 is replaced by c2

\Dx = = c1b2 - b1 c2

3rd step : Find Dy : In Dy the columns of coefficients of y, b1 c1

b2 is replaced by c2

\Dy = = a 1 c2 – c1 a 2