Gallstones/Cholelithiasis

Group 3
1. Maulidya Rahmanika (170103051)
2. Nita Khikmarul Aeni (170103061)
 What is
Gallstones ?

Gallstones are a disease that is

caused by a blockage in the bile duct
due to the deposition in the bile duct.

Gallstone disease or cholelithiasis is a

condition characterized by sudden abdominal
pain due to the formation of stones in the
gallbladder.
 What Causes
Gallstones ?

Gallstones are thought to arise due to cholesterol

deposits and bilirubin that accumulate in the
gallbladder. The buildup occurs when bile is unable
to dissolve the excess cholesterol and bilirubin
produced by the liver.
 Sign & Symptoms
Gallstones

Sign Symptoms

1. There is a layer white or 1. Severe pain in upper

yellow at the base of the abdominal area
tongue 2. Jaundice (occurs when a
2. Bad breath blockage occurs in time long)
3. Fever (if complications arise)
4. Vomiting
 Treatment of Gallstones

1. Drug Ursodeoxycholic acid (urdafalx)

2. Surgery
• Laparoscopic cholecystectomy
• Open cholecystectomy
 Prevention of Gallstones

• Gallstones can be prevented by following a healthy and balanced

diet. Eat foods high in fiber and avoid greasy, nutty, or butter-filled
foods.
• In addition, prevention of gallstones can also be done by limiting
alcohol consumption, exercising regularly, increasing fluid
consumption, and avoiding diets that are too strict.
 Complications

Gallstones rarely cause complications, but complications can

occur if the treatment is not appropriate.
Complications include :
1. Acute cholecystitis
2. Cholangitis
3. Acute pancreatitis
4. Sepsis