Metamorfisme

Perubahan mineralogi dan tekstur batuan tanpa pelelehan,

perubahan terjadi pada fasa padat. Batuan malihan
dapat berasal dari batuan beku, batuan sedimen atau
batuan malihan sebelumnya.
Tekanan & Panas
•Tekanan----->F/A
•Panas ------>T
•Sirkulasi Fluida -----> High T + Ions
•Gerakan Sesar
•Benturan-----> e.g. benturan Meteorites, Letusan Nuclear

                                                                                                                        
Penyebab
Panas dan Tekanan yang ada
•Tektonika lempeng
•Tepi Konvergen
•Subduction
•Collision
•Tepian Divergen
•Metamorfisme oleh fluida panas
•Beban
•Kontak dengan Pluton panas
•CONFINING- (LITHOSTATIC, HYDROSTATIC)
•COMPRESSION in ALL DIRECTION
•Leads to smaller, denser packets
•"DIRECTED"- (STRESS)
•COMPRESSION in ONE DIRECTION
•Leads to FOLIATION

                                                       

                                                                            
Perubahan Mineralogi
transisi Fase

 
HIMPUNAN
                                                  

Seri mineral yang stabil dalam kondisi suhu dan tekanan

Perubahan Textur
Foliasi
•Slaty Cleavage
•Sekistositas
•Compositional Banding

                                                                 
                                       
Lingkungan
metamorfisme
•Kontak- Intrusi panas berpengaruh
pada sekitarnya
                                        
•Regional
•Beban
•Dinamotermal
•Hydrothermal-Sirkulasi Fluida
Klasifikasi Batuan Metamorfik
 Rekaman Metamorfik
• Derajat Metamorfik
•Low-[T=200-400°C; P=1-6 Kbars]
•High-[T=500-1000°C; P=12-40 Kbars]
• Fasies Metamorfik
•Assemblages of Minerals at given P & T
•Based on Minerals Found in Metabasalts
• Basalt
greenschist -- epidote and chlorite (two green minerals [diagnostic]) + calcte, plag
amphibolite -- amphiboles, plagioclase
granulite -- pyroxenes, plag, the last thing before melting, dry,
blueschist -- glaucophane -- Na-amphibole (blue mineral), epidote, phengite
eclogite --jaditic pyroxene, garnet, kyanite
hornfels --pyroxene, plagioclase

• Al-Rich Sedimentary Rocks

greenschist --chlotie muscovite, plagioclase, quartz
amphibolite --garnet, biotite, muscovite, sillimanite
granulite --biotite, k-feldspar, quartz, sillimanite
blueschist --chlorite, muscovite, plagioclase, quartz
eclogite --not yet observed
hornfels --andalusite, biotite, K-feldspar, quartz

• Other Sediments
Marble -- recrystallized calcite
Quartzite -- recrystalized quartz
Classification by Texture

Grain Size
 Texture
Fine Medium Coarse
granofels granofels
marble marble
Poorly Foliated hornfels
quartzite quartzite
amphibolite amphibolite
Well Foliated slate, phyllite schist gneiss
mylonite augen
Well Foliated and Sheared mylonite
schist gneiss
 Description of rocks based on texture

Name Description
Slate -strongly cleaved rock
-cleavage planes pervasively developed through rock due to orientation of fine phyllosilcate
grains
-indeividual grains too fine to be visible with naked eye
-overall dull appearance
Phyllite -similar to slate, but slightly coarser phyllosilicate grains
-grains sometimes discernible in hand specimen, giving silk appearance to cleavage
surfaces
-often cleavage planes less perfectly planar than slates
Schist -parallel alignment of moderately coarse grains (fabric=schistocity)
-grains usually cle4arly visible by eye
-grains composed of phyllosilicates and other minerals such as hornblende, actinolite,
kyanite
Gneiss -course grained rock (grain size several millimetres) and
-foliated (planar fabric: either schistosity or compositional layering)
-tendency for different minerals to segregate into layers parallel to foliation (gneissic
layering):
typically quartz and feldspar rich layers tend to separate from micaceous layers.
Varieties:
--Orthogneiss: igneous parentage
-- paragneiss: metasedimentary gneisses
Mylonite -fine grained rock produced in intense ductile deformation
-pre-existing grains are deformed and re-crystallized as finer grains
Hornfels -contact metamorphic rock
tough rock with a random fabric of interlocking grains
fels -poor in sheet silicates, texture not obviously schistose, but not hornfels
-most have equigranular texture, -e.g., granofels
From Yardley et al., 1989
 Name Description
Greenschis -green, foliated metabasite
Special Metamorphic rock names
t -usually composed predominaately of chlorite, epidote, and actinolite
-dark, lilac-grey foliate metabasite, seldom truly blue in hand speciment
Blueschist
-colour due to presence of abundant sodic amphibole (glaucophane, crossite)
-essentially bimineralic (hornblende and plagioclase) dark green rock
Amphibolit -wide range of accesory minerals
e -can be metabasites (ortho-amphibolite) or
-______metasediments (para-amphibolites)
Serpentinit -green, black or reddish rock composed of predominately serpentine
e -formed by hydration of igneous or metamorphic peridotites
-metabasite composed of garnet and omphacitic pyroxene with no plagioclase
Eclogite feldspar. Common accesories: quartz, kyanite, amphiboles, zoisite, rutile, minor
sulphides
-characterized by both a +/- equidimensional, straight-sided (polygonal) grains
for all mineral species, and a very high-temperature mineralogy (closely reated
to clac-alkaline basic to moderately acid plutonic rocks - feldspar, pyroxene,
Granulite
amphibole)
-charnokite suite: distinct variety of K-feldspar and hypersthene-bearing
granulites.
-a mixed rock of schistose or gneissic portion intimately mixed with veins of
Migmatite
apparently quartzofeldspathic material (known as leucosomes)

-result of metasomatism where large amounts of Si, Al, Fe, and Mg introduced
during intrusion.
Skarn -impure marble containing crystals of calc-silicate minerals such as garnet,
epidote, etc.
-created by compositional changes in country rock at igneous contacts