BATUAN

METAMORF/MALIHAN
METAMORPHISM

Caterpillar Butterfly

Ilustrasi: Andri S.S.M

Batuan metamorf/malihan:
Terbentuk akibat perubahan tekanan dan atau temperatur, dalam keadaan p
adat serta tanpa merubah komposisi kimia batuan asalnya.

Proses metamorfosa/malihan dipengaruhi oleh komposisi batuan a

sal dan kondisi metamorfosis.
 Types of Protolith
Lump the common types of sedimentary and
igneous rocks into six chemically based-
groups
1. Ultramafic - very high Mg, Fe, Ni, Cr
2. Mafic - high Fe, Mg, and Ca
3. Shales (pelitic) - high Al, K, Si
4. Carbonates- high Ca, Mg, CO2
5. Quartz - nearly pure SiO2.
6. Quartzo-feldspathic - high Si, Na, K, Al
 Tipe-tipe metamorfosis

Berdasarkan penyebab/proses utama

– Dynamic Metamorphism
– Metamorfosa kontak (Thermal Metamorph
ism)
– Metamorfosa dinamo-termal (Dynamo-the
rmal Metamorphism)
 Tipe-tipe metamorfosis
Berdasarkan setting
– Contact Metamorphism
• Pyrometamorphism
– Regional Metamorphism
• Orogenic Metamorphism
• Burial Metamorphism
• Ocean Floor Metamorphism
– Hydrothermal Metamorphism
– Fault-Zone Metamorphism
– Impact or Shock Metamorphism
 Metamorfosis kontak

Idealized N-S cross section (not to scale) through the quartz monzonite and the aureole at
Crestmore, CA. From Burnham (1959) Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull., 70, 879-920.
Typical textures of contact metamorphism. From Spry (1969) M
etamorphic Textures. Pergamon. Oxford.
Metamorfosis regional (orogenic)
 Types of foliations
a. Compositional layering
b. Preferred orientation of platy
minerals
c. Shape of deformed grains
d. Grain size variation
e. Preferred orientation of platy
minerals in a matrix without
preferred orientation
f. Preferred orientation of
lenticular mineral aggregates
g. Preferred orientation of
fractures
h. Combinations of the above
METAMORPHIC ROCKS TEXTURE
•SLATY
Finely crystalline rock in which minerals, such as mica, are aligned paralle to one
another, which means that the rock splints readlily along the mica cleavage plane
s (e.g. slate).

•SCHISTOSE
Minerals such as mica, chlorite and hornblende are aligned in easily visible parall
el bands and, because of their platy alignment, the rock splits easily (e.g. schist).

•GNEISSOSE
Characterised by a coarse foliation with individual bands several centimetres acr
oss -- indeed, the foliation may wrap aound larger crystals, as in Augen gneiss --
and all the minerals are coarsely granular and readily identifiable (e.g. gneiss).

•GRANOBLASTIC
Mainly large mineral grains that have crystallised at the same time, and therefor
e, penetrate each other, the grains reaming large enough to be identifiesd easily.
(e.g. quarzite).

•HORNFELS
Compact, finely grained rock that shatters into sharply fragments (e.g. hornfels).

•BANDED
Components occur in well-defined bands (e.g. gneiss).
 Klasifikasi & penamaan batuan metamorfosa

Dull - passes "tink test" Slate

Foliated, very fine
grained-no visible
Foliated, shiny due to increased
minerals
size of micaceous minerals (alm Phyllite
ost see them)

Individual mineral grains visibl

Foliated - medium to Schist
e. Major mineral(s) included as
coarse grain (ex. Mica Schist)
name modifiers

METAMORPHIC Alternating layers of light (felsi

ROCKS Color banded c) Gneiss
Interlocking non-
homogenous
and dark (mafic) minerals
crystalline texture -
commonly with a Distinct layering - Alternating layers of felsic igne
preferred
orientation to the
often highly folded and ous rock (light) and mafic gneis Migmatite
contorted s (dark)
mineral grains

Soft - passes fizz test Marble

Hard - fails fizz test Quartzite

Non-foliated with non-

oriented grains
Interlocking hornblende
 Schist
Slate

b
Phylite

Gneiss
 Spotted slate Augen gneiss

Migmatite Cataclastic breccia