‫نگاهی کاربردی‬

‫به نرم افزار فلوئنت‬

‫کـاـیـدـاـن‬ ‫حـیـدـرـیـ‬ ‫آـرـمـیـنـ‬ ‫کـنـنـدـهـ‪:‬‬ ‫تـهـیـهـ‬
‫هـوـیـزـه‬ ‫شـهـدـاـیـ‬ ‫دـاـنـشـگاـهـ‬
‫پـژـوـهـشـ ‪ -‬آـذـرـ ‪98‬‬ ‫هـفـتـهـ‬

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 ‫فهرست‬
‫‪‬معرفی معرفی نرم افزار فلوئنت‬
‫‪‬دینامیک سیاالت محاسباتی ‪CFD‬‬
‫‪‬مراحل تحلیل و شبیه سازی‬
‫‪‬فیزیک و ماهیت مساله‬
‫‪‬شرایط مرزی و اولیه‬
‫‪‬صحت سنجی و تایید نتایج‬
‫‪‬چند نمونه تحلیل‬
‫‪‬مثال‬

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 ‫نرم افزار فلوئنت‬
‫‪ ‬ی‪4‬ک نرم‌افزار مهندسی به کمک رایانه در زمین‪4‬ه دینامیک س‪4‬یاالت محاسباتی برای‬
‫مدل کردن جریان سیال و انتقال حرارت در هندسه‌های پیچیده می‌باشد‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ای‪4‬ن نرم‌افزار ت‪4‬ا نس‪4‬خه ‪ ۶٫۳‬محص‪4‬ول شرک‪4‬ت ‪ FLUENT Inc‬بوده ام‪4‬ا بعد از خریداری‬
‫نرم‌افزار در سال ‪ ۲۰۰۶‬توسط شرکت ‪ ANSYS Inc‬به ‪ ANSYS FLUENT‬تغییر نام داده و در‬
‫سال ‪ ۲۰۰۹‬از نسخه ‪ ۶٫۳‬به نسخه ‪ ۱۲٫۰‬ارتقاء پیدا کرد‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ای‪4‬ن نرم افزار در حقیق‪4‬ت از تکمی‪4‬ل ی‪4‬ک ک‪4‬د تجاری ایجاد و ب‪4‬ه مرور توس‪4‬عه یافت‬
‫و هنوز در حال توسعه و بهبود است‪.‬‬

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 ‫نرم افزار فلوئنت‬
‫‪‬ای‪4‬ن نرم افزار در حقیق‪4‬ت از تکمی‪4‬ل ی‪4‬ک ک‪4‬د تجاری ایجاد و ب‪4‬ه مرور توس‪4‬عه یافت‬
‫و هنوز در حال توسعه و بهبود است‪.‬‬

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 Workbench - ‫نرم افزار فلوئنت‬
ANSYS Fluent
(Physics, Solution and Results)

ANSYS Design Modeler ANSYS Mesh

(Geometry) ANSYS Workbench
(Mesh)
FE Modeler

Simulation CFX-Mesh DesignModeler Advanced CFD Advanced Meshing DesignXplorer (VT)

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 ‫کاربرد نرم افزار فلوئنت‬
• Aerospace
• Automotive
• Biomedical
• Chemical Processing
• HVAC
• Hydraulics
• Marine
• Oil & Gas
• Power Generation
• Sports

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 CFD ‫دینامیک سیاالت محاسباتی‬
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is the science of predicting fluid flow, heat transfer, mass
transfer, chemical reactions, and related phenomena by solving mathematical equations that
represent physical laws, using a numerical process.
◦ Conservation of mass, momentum, energy, species, ...

The result of CFD analyses is relevant engineering data:

◦ conceptual studies of new designs
◦ detailed product development
◦ troubleshooting
◦ redesign

CFD analysis complements testing and experimentation.

◦ Reduces the total effort required in the laboratory.

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 ‫مبنای کار‬
 FLUENT solvers are based on the Fluid region of
finite volume method. pipe flow
 Domain is discretized into a discretized into
control
finite set of
finite set of control volumes volume
control volumes
or cells. (mesh).
 General conservation (transport) equation
for mass, momentum, energy, etc.,
Eqn. 

t V
dV   V  dA     dA   S dV continuity 1
A A V x-mom. u
unsteady convection diffusion generation y-mom. v
energy h
are discretized into algebraic equations.

 All equations are solved to render flow field.

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 ‫فرآیند محاسبات‬
Geometry Physics Mesh Solve Reports Post-
Processing

Select Heat Unstructured Steady/ Forces Report Contours

(automatic/ (lift/drag, shear
Geometry Transfer Unsteady Pre-Processing
ON/OFF manual)
stress, etc)  Physical Models
 Solid  Mesh
 Turbulence
Compressible Structured Modeler Generator  Combustion
Geometry Iterations/ XY Plot Vectors
ON/OFF (automatic/  Radiation
Parameter manual)
Steps
 Multiphase
s
Equations solved on mesh  Phase Change
Domain Flow Convergent Verification Streamlines  Moving Zones
Transport Equations
Shape properties Limit ◦
 Moving Mesh
mass
and Size ◦ species mass fraction
◦ phasic volume fraction  Material Properties
Viscous Precisions Validation ◦ momentum
(single/  Boundary Conditions
Model double)
◦ energy
 Initial Conditions
Equation of State
Boundary Numerical
Supporting Physical Models
Conditions Scheme

 Solver
Initial
 Post-Processing
Settings
Conditions

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 ‫گام های تحلیل مساله‬
Problem Identification and Pre-Processing
1. Define your modeling goals.
2. Identify the domain you will model.
3. Design and create the grid.
Solver Execution
4. Set up the numerical model.
5. Compute and monitor the solution.
Post-Processing
6. Examine the results.
7. Consider revisions to the model.

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 Problem Identification and Pre-Processing
1. Define your modeling goals.

‫نرم افزار فلوئنت‬

2. Identify the domain you will model.
3. Design and create the grid.

What results are you looking for, and how will they be used?
◦ What are your modeling options?
◦ What physical models will need to be included in your analysis?
◦ What simplifying assumptions do you have to make?
◦ What simplifying assumptions can you make?
◦ Do you require a unique modeling capability?
◦ User-defined functions (written in C) in FLUENT 6
◦ User-defined subroutines (written in FORTRAN) in FLUENT 4.5

What degree of accuracy is required?

How quickly do you need the results?

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 Problem Identification and Pre-Processing
1. Define your modeling goals.

‫نرم افزار فلوئنت‬

2. Identify the domain you will model.
3. Design and create the grid

How will you isolate a piece of the complete physical system?

Where will the computational domain begin and end?
◦ Do you have boundary condition information at these boundaries?
◦ Can the boundary condition types accommodate that information?
◦ Can you extend the domain to a point where reasonable data exists?

Can the problem be simplified to 2D?

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 Problem Identification and Pre-Processing
1. Define your modeling goals.

‫نرم افزار فلوئنت‬

2. Identify the domain you will model.
3. Design and create the grid.

Can you benefit from Mixsim, Icepak, or Airpak?

Can you use a quad/hex grid or should you use a tri/tet grid or hybrid grid?
◦ How complex is the geometry and flow? triangle quadrilateral
◦ Will you need a non-conformal interface?

What degree of grid resolution is required in each region of the domain?

◦ Is the resolution sufficient for the geometry?
◦ Can you predict regions with high gradients? tetrahedron hexahedron

◦ Will you use adaption to add resolution?

Do you have sufficient computer memory?

◦ How many cells are required?
pyramid prism/wedge
◦ How many models will be used?

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 ‫نرم افزار فلوئنت‬

tet mesh

quad/hex meshes hex

mesh
For simple geometries

tri/tet mesh wedge mesh

For complex geometries

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‫نرم افزار فلوئنت‬

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‫نرم افزار فلوئنت‬

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Example of CFD Process (Solve)

Residuals vs. iteration

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Set Up the Numerical Model
 Solver Execution
4. Set up the numerical model.
5. Compute and monitor the solution.
Solving initially in 2D will
provide valuable experience
with the models and solver
settings for your problem in a
short amount of time.
For a given problem, you will need to:
◦ Select appropriate physical models.
◦ Turbulence, combustion, multiphase, etc.
◦ Define material properties.
◦ Fluid
◦ Solid
◦ Mixture
◦ Prescribe operating conditions.
◦ Prescribe boundary conditions at all boundary
zones.
◦ Provide an initial solution.
◦ Set up solver controls.
◦ Set up convergence monitors.
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 Compute the Solution
 Solver Execution
4. Set up the numerical model.
5. Compute and monitor the solution.
A converged and grid-
independent solution on a
well-posed problem will
provide useful engineering
results!
The discretized conservation equations are
solved iteratively.
◦ A number of iterations are usually required to reach a
converged solution.
Convergence is reached when:
◦ Changes in solution variables from one iteration
to the next are negligible.
◦ Residuals provide a mechanism to help
monitor this trend.
◦ Overall property conservation is achieved.
The accuracy of a converged solution is dependent
upon:
◦ Appropriateness and accuracy of physical models.
◦ Grid resolution and independence
◦ Problem setup
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Examine the Results
 Post-Processing
6. Examine the results.
7. Consider revisions to the model.
Examine results to ensure
property conservation and
correct physical behavior.
High residuals may be
attributable to only a few
cells of poor quality.
Examine the results to review solution and
extract useful data.
◦ Visualization Tools can be used to answer such
questions as:
◦ What is the overall flow pattern?
◦ Is there separation?
◦ Where do shocks, shear layers, etc. form?
◦ Are key flow features being resolved?
◦ Numerical Reporting Tools can be used to
calculate quantitative results:
◦ Forces and Moments
◦ Average heat transfer coefficients
◦ Surface and Volume integrated quantities
◦ Flux Balances
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 Consider Revisions to the Model
 Post-Processing
6. Examine the results.
7. Consider revisions to the model.
Are physical models appropriate?
◦ Is flow turbulent?
◦ Is flow unsteady?
◦ Are there compressibility effects?
◦ Are there 3D effects?
Are boundary conditions correct?
◦ Is the computational domain large enough?
◦ Are boundary conditions appropriate?
◦ Are boundary values reasonable?
Is grid adequate?
◦ Can grid be adapted to improve results?
◦ Does solution change significantly with adaption, or
is the solution grid independent?
◦ Does boundary resolution need to be improved?
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 ANSYS Fluent
Using ANSYS fluent define physics of the flow, solve CFD simulation and analyze results

Physics (Setup) Solution Results

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 ANSYS Fluent
r
Physics
Wall – No slip BC

Inlet – Velocity inlet BC Flow

Outlet – Pressure outlet BC
x

Center – Axisymmetric BC   Zero slop at center or

Laminar
  flow
Air properties
Boundary Conditions (BC)
◦ No-slip: velocities are zero (), pressure gradient () is zero
◦ Symmetric: radial velocity is zero (), gradients of axial velocity and pressure are zero (, )
◦ Inlet velocity: uniform constant velocity ()
◦ Outlet: (gauge) pressure is imposed to the boundary (, )

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