Algebra 1

Algebra: Objectives
At the end of the day, you should be able to
 Add and subtract algebraic expression
 Multiply and divide algebraic expression
 Add and subtract algebraic fractions
 Solve algebraic equations
Introduction
Arithmetic and the BIMA rule
Numbers go through 4 operations.
Add & Subtract; Multiply & Divide. When we have a lot of numbers to
evaluate, the rule to follow in terms of what needs to be done first is
BODMAS rule i.e.

BO - Brackets off;

D - Divide;
M - Multiply;
A - Add;
S - Subtract.
Introduction
Arithmetic and the BIMA rule
The updated version for BODMAS is now BIMA to take into
account for numbers with indicial operation (numbers with
power)

 B – Brackets BO - Brackets off;

D - Divide;
 I – Indices
M - Multiply;
 M – Multiply (& Divide) A - Add;
S - Subtract.
 A – Add (& Subtract)
Introduction
Arithmetic and the BIMA rule
Evaluate:

Bracket first : (7 – 5) = 2

Indicial value second: =4

Multiply (and Divide) next

Then Add
Introduction
Arithmetic and the BIMA rule
Evaluate:

4 ×3÷2+1
12 ÷ 2 + 1
6 + 1
7
Introduction
Arithmetic and the BIMA rule
Operations in Algebra
Algebra are numbers. And number operation go through the BIMA rule. So, in
simplifying algebra, BIMA rule applies.

Basic number evaluation

a + a = 2a
2  a = 2a
a  a = a2
 Arithmetic and the BIMA rule
Addition (Subtraction) in Algebra
 Example: Evaluate 5a + 3a

Since 5a is 5  a and 3a is 3  a, then the

above question should look like this,

 5  a + 3 a
 Arithmetic and the BIMA rule
Addition (Subtraction) in Algebra
5  a + 3 a
By BIMA, we cannot add 5 with 3 if there is a multiplication symbol.
But 5a and 3a have a common factor of a, then what we could do is
factorize a;
 

 = a  (5 + 3)
 
By factorizing, we can now evaluate via the BIMA

 =a8
 = 8a
 Arithmetic and the BIMA rule
Addition (Subtraction) in Algebra

When teachers talk about adding apples and

bananas, what we mean is factorize common
factors to simplify.

Example: 5a + 4b + 3a + 11b
(5 + 3)a + (4 + 11)b
8a + 15b
 Arithmetic and the BIMA rule
Addition (Subtraction) in Algebra

More Example: 5a + 4a2 + 3a + 11a2

(5 + 3)a + (4 + 11)a2
8a + 15a2
 Arithmetic and the BIMA rule
Multiplication (Division) in Algebra

Simplify:
Activity 1
FRACTIONS
Adding (Subtracting) Fractions
 
1 2
+
2 3
Fractions

2 1
 

=2 ×
3 3
Adding (Subtracting) Fractions
 
1 2
+
2 3

1 1
  

¿ 1× +2 × How to evaluate?
No common factors
Adding (Subtracting) Fractions
You learned about finding
L.C.M. and making the bottom
number the same during
addition of fractions.
This is to “make” common
factors OH NO!
1 2
 

I don’t
+
2 3 understand!
Equivalent fractions:
Changing the bottom number

1×2
×3
×4 2 3 4
  
2×2
×3
×4 4 6 8
×4
×2
×3
2 4 6 8
  
3×3
×4
×2 6 9 12
Adding (Subtracting) Fractions
 
1 2
+
2 3
 
=


= common factor is
=
=
=
=
ALGEBRAIC FRACTIONS
Adding (Subtracting) Algebraic Fractions
Try yourself, simplify the fractions below
Solve Algebraic Equations
Solve Algebraic Equations
In solving, we “JUMP” over the equal sign.
When we jump, we need to change the operation of the number because when
we bring a number to the other side
The actual operation of “jumping” is “balancing equation”, that is why we need
to change the operation

Example: 2x+5=9

SAY
to solve the equation: we add a useful value to the equation so that we “move”
the numbers around

WHAT!?!
Balancing equation
Example
10 = 10
If we add both sides with the same value, the
equation remains balanced
10 + (– 2) = 10 + (– 2)
8=8
Voila! Both sides of the equation remains the
same value
Balancing equation
Example
10 = 10
10 ÷ (5) = 10 ÷ (5)
2=2
Both digits on both side of the equation stays
equal provided we add/subtract or
multiply/divide the same value
Balancing equation
Example
10 + x = 18
10 + x + (– 10) = 18 + (– 10)
x=8

WOW
Balancing equation
 
Example


10y = 2
10 (×) y = 2
10 (×) y (×) = 2 (×)
1y =
y=
lowest term Amazing!
Balancing equation
Example
10 + x = 18
x = 18 + (– 10)
x=8

JUMP OVER THE EQUAL SIGN AND

CHANGE OPERATION
Balancing equation
  oOOOOOooOo!
Example


10y = 2
10 (×) y = 2
y = 2 (×)
1y =
JUMP OVER THE
y = EQUAL SIGN AND
CHANGE OPERATION
lowest term
Solve Algebraic Equations
  
Example: 2x+5=9
If there is a lot of numbers to jump, do numbers with operation
following the BIMA rule but priority from the backside. i.e. AMIB
2 (×) x + 5 = 9
Looking at the equation, we have (×) 2 and + 5
AMIB priority says, jump Add first, then jump multiply
2 (×) x = 9 - 5
2 (×) x = 4
x=4 Remember to
x= change the
x=2
operation
Try, solve
( 2x + 5)2 + 4 = 40
Try, solve
Solve
Solve
Algebra: Objectives
At the end of the day, you should be able to
 Add and subtract algebraic expression
 Multiply and divide algebraic expression
 Add and subtract algebraic fractions
 Solve algebraic equations
THANK YOU
What has been done in Algebra 1
 Changing subject of formula
 Simultaneous equation
 Factorisation
 Simplifying Algebraic Fractions
END