SMOKE
PONIT
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF
TECHNOLOGY,HAMIRPUR
Chemical Engineering Department
Energy Technology Lab
Name:Rahul Gupta
Semester:Vth
Roll No.:17712
INDEX
S.No Content From page no. To page no.
1. Definition of Smoke 1 1
Point
2. Motivation 4 4
3. Material Required 5 5
4. Experimental Setup 6 6
5. Procedure 7 7
6. Formula Used 8 8
7. Discussion 9 10
8. References 11 11
SMOKE POINT
It is the maximum flame height in
millimeters at which kerosene will burn
without smoking , tested under standard
conditions.
MOTIVATION
The smoke point of the kerosene has a
significant importance in following purposes:
Designing Purpose: The height of wick is
designed in such manner so that it gives no or
minimum smoke.
Quality of fuel: More the smoke point lesser
will be smoke produced and better will be the
fuel.
Environmental Safety : Lesser the smoke
produced better the fuel in context with
environment.
MATERIAL REQUIRED
Smoke point Lamp
Wick(Circular ,Cotton)
Wick Tube
Candle
Sample of kerosene
EXPERIMENTAL SETUP
PROCEDURE
Take a long dried cotton wick of length about 12.5
cm and soak it in the sample of given fuel and place
it in the wick tube of candle.
Introduce about 20mL of fuel in the dry candle at
room temperature.
Place the wick tube in the candle such that the air
vent of candle is free from fuel.
The candle is lighted and wick is adjusted in such a
manner that 10 mm high flame for 5 minutes.
Now rotate the knob such that the wick came out
from the stand and rotate until the smoke starts for
a very first time and take the reading from the
optic.
The observed point is the smoke point of the given
sample.
Repeat the procedure for three time and comute the
average smoke point of the fuel.
Let x1,x2,x3 be the heights observed after
FORMULA USED
repeating the experiment for 3 times
Average Smoke Point(X): (x1+x2+x3)/3 mm
The procedure is repeated for three times to
minimize the errors due to parallax.
Smoking Tendency =320/(Average Smoke
Point)
DISCUSSION
It is observed that the smoke point is the function of
the type of the carbon bond and C to H ratio in the
Hydrocarbon.
It is seen that lesser the smoke point of the fuel cleaner
the fuel.
The aromatic hydrocarbons have very small smoke point
so as a result high smoking tendency because of the low
Carbon density due to the presence of double bond and
due to resonance the compound is more stable and
hence it is difficult to completely burn the carbon into
carbon dioxide due to incomplete combustion the
formnation of carbon mono-oxide and unburnt carbon
takes place which results in the formation of smoke.
Lesser the amount of aromatic hydrocarbon and more
the concentration of paraffin in the kerosene higher its
smoke point and produces lesser smoke.
For the hydrocarbon having same number
of carbon atoms but varying number of
Hydrogen atoms one with lesser ratio of
(C/H) will have higher smoke point.
The minimum smoke point of the domestic
fuel should be 20 mm, it can be achieved
by decreasing the amount of aromatics in
the fuel.
REFERENCE
Wikipedia for different definitions.
Manual on Hydrocarbon Analysis book
Refining Processes Handbook
https://www.slideshare.net.
Thank You
