Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Research Designs
History confound —
Any independent variable other
than the treatment variable, that
occurs between the pre-test and
the post-test.
Threats to Validity
Maturation confound —
Refers to the fact that as the
experiment is conducted, people
are growing older, and are
getting more experienced.
(Problem in longitudinal studies
in particular)
Threats to Validity
Testing confound —
When self-selection by
individuals into groups is
possible, a selection bias can
result.
Threats to Validity
Diffusion of treatment
confound —