Colurnn (a) lists Z scores frorn 0.{X} to 4.00.

Only po*itive scores are displaycd

but because rhe numal curve is syrnmetrical, the areas feir rcgative score'E will bE
exactly tlp same as areasfupo*itive scores. Colurm tb) lists the proponion of the
total area between the Z gcwe md the meur. Figrne A.1 displays areas of this type.
Column (c) lisrs *re propertion of ttm uea bcymd the Z wrare, a*d Figtrre A.2 displays ttris type of rea.
FIGURE

A1

Area Befixean

llcan

FlcUnE

A2 ArwBefordZ

andZ

O Cengage Learniflg 2013

Ceftgag Leamiog 2013

{a)

(b)

Area
Btween
Mean

ardZ

(c)
A,rea
Beyond

Belween

Bepnd

4.23
0.24
4.25
4.26

0.0910

0.4090

o.0s4B
0.0987

o.4t)52

0.27
4.28

0.1064

0.*136

0.29
0.30

0.1

0.31

0.0M0

0.02
0.03

0.0080
0"0120

0.5000
0.4960
9.4920
0.4880

0.04

o.0160
0.01s9
a.g23s

0.4840
0.4801
0.4v81

a.o27g

4.4721

0.0319
o035,9

0.4681

aia^a

a3897
0.3859

0.1179

0.3821

a37ffi

034

a.1217
4.1255
0.1293

0.3669
0.3632

0.r1
0.12

0.0438

0.4562

0.34

0.1331

0.0478

0_13

0"0517

fr.4522
0"4483

0.35
0.36
o.37
0.38
0.39
0.40

0.1368
0.1406
o.1443
0.1480
0.1517

0.32

0.4448
4.4404

0.16
0.17
0.18
0.19
a.2a

0.0557
0.0596
0.0636
0.0675
4.4714
0.0753
0.07s3

4AN7

0.21

0.0832

4.44

0.22

0.0871

0.4168
a.4129

o.4354

4.4323
4.4286
o.4247

43974

41

4.4s41
4.4642

0.15

0.4013

0.1103

0.0398

ai4

M66ntrdZ

0.0000

0.09
0.10

(c)
Arq.a

o.01

0,oB

(b)

Area

0.00

0.05
0.06
o.07

(a)

0.3745

0.3/07
0.35S4
0.3557

4s520

0.1554

0.3483
0.3446

6.41

0.1591

0.340s

8.42

0.1628
0.1664
0.1700
0.1736

as3v2

4.43
o.45

03336
0.3300
8.3264

ABEA UFJDER'IHE FIORMAI-

(a)

0.46
0.47
0.48
0.49

0.50
0.51

0.52
0.53
4.54
0.55

0.56
4.57
0.58

(b)

(c)

Area
Between

Area
Beyond

o.1772
0,1808

1.01

0.3438

o.1ffiz
0.153S

0.3485

o.1879
0.1915

0.3121
0"3085

0.1950
0.1985
0.2019

0.3050
0.3015

1.42
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07

0.3461

4i844

o.3228
0.3192
0.3156

0.1515
o.1492
0.1465
o.1446
o.1423

g.&34
o.20ffi
o.2123
4.2157

o.21ffi

a.m1

0.2946
o.2s,12

a.2877
8.2M,3
0.2810
0.2776
4.2743

o.2357

4.2643

0.2389
4.2422
4.2454
4.2486

o.2611

4.2517

a.2549
0.2580

0.71

0.2611

a.72
0.73
0.74
0.75
0.76
0.77
4.78
0.79
0.80

a.2642
4.2673
o.27A3
4.2734

0.81

0.2910
0.2939

o.27U
4.2794
0.2823
4.2852
0.2881

0.2676

a.2576
o.2546
4.25't4
4,2483
4.2451
4.2424
0,2389
0.2358
4.2327
o.2297
0.2266
0.2236
0.2206
a.2177
0.2148
0.2119
0.20s0
4.2461
0.2033
0.2005
o.1s77
0.1949

0.83
0.84
0.85

o.2s,67

0.86

0.3051

4.87
0.88

0.3078
0.3't06
0.3133
0.3159

4.1w2

0.3186
0.9212
0.3238
43,264
0.3289
0.3315
0.3340
0.3365
0.3389
0.3413

0.18't4

0.89
0.90
0.91

o.s2
0.93

o.s4
0.95
0.96
0.97
0.98

0.99
1.00

Beyond

4.2749

4.82

Between

li@nandZ

4.2291
fr.2324

0.70

Area

0.61

0.67
0.68
0.69

{c}

kea

4.2224
4.2257

0.66

(b)

*7

MeffiardZ

0.59
0.60
4.62
0.63
0.64
0.65

(a)

ctJR'fE

0.2s5
0.3023

0.1894

0.1867
0.1841
0_1788

4.1762
0.1736
4.1711
0.1685
0.1660
0.1635

1.SB

0.3s8
0.3531
0.3554
43.577
0.359x,

1.09
1.10

4.ffi21

1.11
1.'.tz

0.3665
0.3686
0.3708
0.e729

1.13
1.14

't.15

0.364d]

43749

''l.16

0.3770

1.17
1.18
1.19

a37W

0.1401
0.1379
o.1357

0.1335
0.1314

aiN2
o.1271
0.1251
0.1230
0.1210

0.3810
0.3830
0.3849

0.1 1SO

0.3869
0.3888
0.3907
0.3925
0.3944
o.3962
0.3980
0.3s97
0.4015
0.4032

0.1131

1.3'l
1.32
1.33
1.34
1.35

0.4049

0.0951
0.09&4
0.0918

t..,o

0.4131

1,37
1.38
1,39
1.44

4.4147
o.4162

0.ffi53

4"4177

0.0823
0.0808

1.41

o.4247

1.42
1.43
1.44
1.45
1,46
1.47
1.48
1.49
1.50

o.4222
4.4236
4.4251
0.4265
4.4279

4.4w2

0.0668

1.51

4.43/.5
0.4i!57
0.4370

0.0655
0.0643
0.0630
0.0618
0.0606

1.m
1.21

1.22
1.23
1.24
1.25
1.26
1.27
1.28
1.29
1.30

1.52
1.53

0.1611

1.il

0.1587

1"55

0.4066

4.4082
0.40s9
0.4115

4.4192

o.42gyz

0.4306
o.4319

4.4w2
0.4394

0.1170
0.1151

0.1112
0.1093
0"1075

0i1056
0.1038
0.1020
0.1003
0.0985
0.0s68

0.0s1
0.0885
0.0869
0.0838

0.0793
0.477&

a.a7M
9.4749
0.0735
4.472'l

o.0708
0.06s4
o.0681

3S

APPENDIXA

(al

(b)

(b)

(c)

Arp.g

Area

Belwen
i#ean ard Z

Beyond

Meanard Z

0.0594

2.11

0.0571

2."t2
2.13

0.4826
o.4tl30

a.at74

0.0582

1.58
1.59
1.60

0.4406
0.4418
0.4429
4.4441
o.4452

0.4834

0.0166

0.0559

2.14

0.otnl

2.15

1.61

0.446.3

0.0537

0.0152
0.0158
0.0154

1.62
1.63
1.64
1.65
1.66

0.0526
0.0516

1.70

4.4474
a.4484
0.4495
0.4505
0.4515
4.4525
0.4535
0.4545
0.4554

0.4838
0-4842
0.4846
0.4850

1.71

0.4564

o.o4t!6

1.72
1.73
1.74
1.75
1.76
1.77
1.78
1.79
1.80

0.4573
o.4542

O,MZ/

0.4591
0.45S1

o.o4m

0.4608
0.4616
0.4625
0.4633

0.0392

0.4641

(a)

1.56
1.57

"t.67

1.68
1.69

1.81

1.82

't.83
1.84
1.85
1.86
1.87
1.88
1.89
1.90

0.4649
0.4656
4.4664
0.4671
4.4&78

0.4686
o,4633
0.4699

0"0505

0.0495
0.0485
a.0475
0.0465

0.0455
0.0446

2.24
2.25

2.26

Q.4878
0.4881

a.a125
a.4122
0.0119

0.48S8
0.4so1

0.0104
0-0102

0.0s7

2.U

0.0359

2.35
2.36

0.4904
0.4966
0.4s0s

2.37

0.4s11

2.3t

0.4913
0.4916
0.4918

0.0351

0.0844
0.03it6
0.0s29
a.9322
0.0314

0.0s7
0.030r

D.4772

4.4228

2.01

0.4u2
o.aa7

2.03

a.4778
0.4783
4.4788

2.U

o.4w3

9.4817
0.4s21

0.0132
0.0129

a.4871
o.4875

2.32
2.33

2.00

2.09
2.10

0.0136

0"4868

0.0384
0.0375

o.4767

2,M

0.4864

2"22
2.23

0.0107

0.0239
0.0233

2.47

2.21

0.4896

0.4761

0.4803
0.4808
0.4812

0.4861

a.4857

0.48S

0.0281

2.06

2.2A

0.0150
0.0146
0.0143
0.0139

0.48$r

231

0.4287

q.47W

0.0170

2,N

0.040J

4.4719
4.4726
o.4732
0.4738
9.4744
0.4750
o.4756

2.A5

Bepnd

2.29

0.0418

a.aN4

2.O2

Between

0.0116
0.0113
0.0110

a.4713

1.v2
1.93
1.94
1.95
1.96
1.97
1.98
1.99

Aree

4.4484
4.4487
0.4890

a.47ffi

1.91

2.16
2.17
2.18
2.19

{c}

Ar6a

a.a274
0.0268

6.W62

a.42ffi
0.0250
4"0244

0.o212
a.aaJ7

a.aNz
0.0197
0"01s2

0.0188
0.0183
0.0179

2.27

2.8

2"39

2.40
2.41

2.42
2.43
2.44
2.45
2.46
2.47
2-48

2.49
2.54
2.5't
2.52
2.53

o.4924
4.4922
0.4925
4.4927
0.4929
0.4s31

4.4932
4.4934
0.4935

0.0099

0.0m6
0.00s4
0.0091
0_&)89
0.0087
0.0084

0.0082
0.0080
0.0078
0.0075
0.0073

0.007''
0.0069
0.0068
0.0066
0.0064

o4938

0.0062

0.4940

0.0060

0.4941

0.0059

0.4s43
0.4s45
0.4946
0.4948
0.4s4s

0.0057

0.4s51

0.0&*9

o.4952
0.4953

0.m48

2.63

0.4955
0.4956
0.4957

0.0045
0.0044
0.0043

2.64
2.65

0.4s59
0.4960

0.0041

2.il

2.55
2.56
2.5V

2.58
2.59

2.ffi
2.61

2.62

0.0055
0.0054
0.0052
0.0051

0.0047

0.004tI

AHEAUNOERTHENOffMAI.CUEVE
{a}

(b)

(c)

Area
Between

Area

iran

ffdZ

(a)

Bepnd

2.66

0.4961

?'-67

o.4w2

2.68

0.4s63

2.69
2.70

0.496,1

0.4 65

0.003s
0.0038
0.0037
0.0036
0.0035

2.71

0.496,6

0.0034

2.72

0.4967

0.0CI33

2.73
2.74

0.4968

0,0032

2.75

0.4ss

(b)

Area
Between

38
(c)
Area

Bq/ond

MenamdZ

3.13
3,14
3.'t5
3.16

0.4931

0.0@9

0.4992

0.m08

4.4w2
a.4w2

0.w8
0.(u)8

3.17
3.18
3.1S

0.4ss2
0.4s93

0.0CI08

3.ffi

0.4s93

o.0007

0-4w

0.0007

0.m7

0.0031

3.21

0.4sm

0.4s70
0.4971
o.4s72
4.4s73
4.4974
0.4974

0.00.30

3.22
3.23

0.4ssd
0.4g94

0.0007
0.0006
0.0006

3"24

0"49S4

0,ffxl6

0.4w4

2.83

o.4975
0.4976
a.4977

0.0025
0.0024
0.0023

3.25
3.26
3.27
3.28

2.U

0_4s77

2.85
2.86
2.87
2.88

2.76

2.77
2.78

2.79
2.80
2.81

2.82

0.0029
0.0028
4.m.27
0.0026
0.0@6

3.8

0,0006

0.4994

0.ffn6

0.49S5

0.0005

0.4s95

0.0005
0.0005

0.4ss

s.30

0.4995

0.@5

0.0023

3.31

0,49ffi

0.(m5

0.4978
0.4979
4.4975
0.4980

fr.w22

0.49s5
0.4936

0.0004

2.85

0.4981

0.m19

3.32
3.33
3.34
3.35
3.36

2.W

0.4s1
0.4w2

o.001s

3.S7

o.aa21

4.w21
0.0020

0"m5

0.49S6

0.m4

0.4s96

0.0004

o.4s6

0"(ro4
0.0004

3.40

0.4s96
0.4ss6
0.4997
o.4gg7

3.38

0.0m4

2.92

0.4s2

2.53

0.4983

0.0018
0.0018
0.0017

2.94
2.35

0.4ffi4

0.ffi16

3.41

0.4w7

0.m03

0.4984
0.4985

0.0016

0.49s7
0.4997

0.000s
0.0008

0.4s5

0.0015
0.0014

3.42
3.43
3.44
3.45
3.46
3.47
3.48
3.49
3.50
3.60

2.91

2.96
2.97
2.98

0.m15

3.00

0.4986
0.4986
0.4s86

3.01

0.4987

0.0013

3.42
3.03

0.4sI7

0.m13

0.4988

0.00.t2

3.M

0.4gffi

0.tr,12

3.05
3.06

0.4s89
0.4989
0.49@
0.4990

0.0011

2.W

3.O7

3.08

3.@
3.10
3.11

3.12

0.0014

0.0014

0.001

0.m11

0.49ffi
0.4w0

0.0010
0.0010
0.0010

0.4991
0.4991

0.0009
0.0009

3.3S

o.ffiI
0.0003

6-4557

0.m03

4.4*t7
4.4w7

0.0003

0,4997
4.4997
0.4998
0.4998

0,ffi03

0"49S8

0.0@2

3.70

0.4999

0.0001

3.80

0.499s

0.0001

s.90

0.4ss9

<0.0001

4.00

o.4gsx)

<0.0001

0.00frt
0.0003

0.m02
0.m02

Use this table to find the crftical regiof, (step 3 of thc five-step model) for tests of
significance with sample means whm the sample size (iY; is small. First, choose
an alpha level a*d a one- or two-tailed test. Then, find degrees of freedorn to find
the f scare &at mrks tke beginning of the critical regim.

Leve*

Degrees

.10

Significanee for One-TailedTest

.425

.01

.N

.10

.05

.o2

3.478

6.314

2
J

1.886
1.638
1.533

2.98

12.706
4.303
3.182

2.415

1.476
1.444
1.415

31.821
6.S65
4.541
3.747
3.365

1.397
1.383

10

1.372

11

13

1.363
1.356
1.350

14

1.e45

t5

1.U1

17
18

1.337
1.333
1.330

5
6

12

't6

19
20
21

22

23
24
25
26
27
28

'1.328

2.353
2.132
1.943
1.895
1.860
1.833
1.812
1.796

1.782
1.771

2.776
2.571
2.447

2.ffis
2-306

2.262
2"228
2.2A1

2.179
2.160

1.761
1.753

2.'t45

1.746
1.740

2J2A

1.74

2.101

2.',t31

2.110

3.r43
2.W8
2.896
2.821

2.7U
2.718
2.681
2.650
2.624
2.602
2.583
2.587
2_5 2

1.725

2.O93

1.325
't.323

1.725

2.486

1.721

't.717

2.080

2-518

1.321
1.319
1.318
1.316
1.315

2.074

2.508
2,500
2.492
2.485
2.479
2.473

1.714

2.65

1.711
1"708

2"464
2"064

2.539
2.528

1.7ffi

2.056

1.314

1.743

2.452

1.313

1.701

"1.311

2.U&

2.467

2.045
2.A42

2.462

2.A21

2.4%

4,o

't.303

1.699
1.697
1.684

60

1.2S6

1.671

2.AAA

2,394

1.658
1.645

1.980

1.289
1.282

2.358
2-3%,

30

pa

.005

.0005

Lerd of Significance for Trro-Tailsd Tsst

Freedqn

(dfl

.05

1.310

1.S60

2.457

-01'

.@1

63.657 636.61S
9.S25 31.5S8
5.841 12.541
4.ffi4
8.610
4.032 5,859
3.707 s"ssg
3.4W 5.405
3.355 5.041
3.250 4.781
3.16S 4.ffi7
3.106 4.437
3.055 4.318
3.A12 4"221
2.977 4.140
2.947 4.A73
2"9/2.1 .015
2.898 3"965
2.878 3.922
2.861 3.883
2_&45 3.850
2"831 3_819
2.819 3.752
2.807 3.76?
2.797 4.745
2.787 3.725
2.779 3.7A7
2.771 3.6S0
2.763 3.674
2.7ffi
3.65S
2.750 3.M6
2.704 3.551
2.66A 3.460
2.617 3.373
2.576 3.291
,f

Sourca:T&le lll of Fishs and Yates. Statistical Tables for Biotagicat, Agricutturat and Medica!
Flg,earch, publishd by Longman Group Ltd., Lffidsn (1924), 6th edition (previously published
by Oliver & Boyd Ltd., Edinburgh). Beprinted by permission of Addison Wesley Longman Ltd,

Use this table to find the critical regi*n (step 3 of the five-srep rnodel) for analysis
of variance tests. Choose an alpha level of eith6 O.O5 or 0,01 and then find the
degrees of, freedom to find the F ratio that rnarks the beginning of the critical
region. \Ialues of n, and /r2 represent the dcgrees of freedom associated with the
between and within estimates of variance, respectively.

P=.05
n1

n1

12
1

161.4

19S.5

18.51

19.00

10.13

9.55

7.71

5
b

215.7
19.16

224.6
19.25

9.28
6.53

9.12

6.94

6.61

579

5.41

5.19

5.14
4.74

4.76

4.53

5.9S
EEO

230.2
19.30
s.01
6.26
5.05
4.39

4.35

4.12

4.46

4.A7

3.U

&.w

4.26

3.86

10

5.32
5.12
4.96

3.63
3.48

11

l.u

I
I

12
13

14

4.75
4.67
4.@

15
16
17
18

4-A

1S
2A

4.38

21

4.32
4.30

22
23
24
25
26
27

4.49
4.45
4.4"1

4.35

4ia

3.71

3.98
3.88
3.80
3.74
3.68

3.34
3.29

3.63

3.24

3.59
3.55
4.52
3,49

3.20
3.16
3.13
3.10

3.47

3.59
3.4S
3.41

6.3S

3.36
3.26
3.18
3.11

3.06
3.01
2.56
2.93

3.69
3.48
3.33
3.20
3.11
3,A2
2"98
2.90

234.O

19.33

8.94
6.16
4.95
4.28
3.87
3.58

238.9
19.37

243.5

8.84

8.74

6.04
4.82

5.91

e37

4.15
3.73
3.44
3.23

.a-tz

3"07

3.09
3.00

,OE
2"85
2.77
2.7A

2.92

2.85
2.79

1S.41

4,68
4.00
3.57
3.28
3.O7
2.51

2.79
2.6

2.U

2,64
2.53
2.48

2.55
2.55

2.42
2.Sg

2.51

2.U

2.8.5

2.74

2.81

2.90

2.77
2.74

2.70
2.66
2.63

2.71

2.@

2.48
2.45

2.31

2.W

3.07
3.05

2.84

2.68

2.82

2-68

3.03

2.8A

2.64

2.57
2.55
2.33

2.42
2.4A
2.38

2.25
2"23
2.24

3.01

2.78
2.76

2.62

2.5'l

2,36

2.99

2.74

2.34
2.32

2.18
2.16

2.98

2.49
2.47
2.46
2.44
2.4e
2.42

2.30
2.29
2.28
2.27

2.13
2.12
2.14
2.09

2.28

24

249.0
19;45
8.64
5.77
4.53
3.84
3.41
3j2
2.90
2.74
2.61
2.50
2,42
2.95
2.N
2.24
2.1$
2.'t5
2.11
2.08
2.45
2.03
2.AO
1.98
1.96
1.S5
1.S3
1.S1
1"90
1.89
.79
1.70

254.3
19.50
B.s3
5.63

4.36
3.67
3.23

2.93
2.71

2.54
2.40

z.ffi
2.21

2.13
2.A7
2.01

1.96
1.92
1.88

't.84
1.81

29

4.18

30

4.17

3.44
3.42
3.44
3.38
3.37
3.35
3.34
3,33
3.32

40

4.08

3.23

2.U

2.61

2.45

2.34

2.18

2.00

60

4.00

3.15

2.76

2.52

2.37

2.25

2JA

1.92

1m

3.52

3.W

2.68

2.45

2.29

2.17

2.A2

'r.83

1"61

1.25

3.84

2.99

2.ffi

2.37

2.21

2.09

1.94

1.75

1.52

1.00

4.28

4.26
4.24
4.22

ZA

4.21
4.24

2.ffi

2.%

2.73

2.95
2.93
2.52

2.71

2.59
2.57
2.56

2.70
2.69

2.54
2.53

2.15

1.78
1.76
1.73
1.71
1.6S

1.67
1.65

1.M
1.62
1.51
1.3S

ofsrElBuTloiloFF 404

p=.01
n1

nzI

'l
2
3
4
5
6
7
I
I
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
zfl
21
22
n
24
25
26
27
n
n
30
40
60
ea
I

t2
4052
54.49

U.12
21"24
16.26
13.74
1?.25
11.26
10.56
10.04

9.65
9.33
9.07
8.86
8.68
8.53
8.40
8.28
8.18

&10
8.02
V.94

7.88
7.82
7.77
7.72
7.68
7.64

7.60
7.56
7.3'.1

7.08

6.85

6.M

?4

4999 5403
5625 5764
5859 5S81
6106 62e4 6366
s9.01 99.17
99.25 99.30
ss"33 99.36
99.42 s9.46 WL50
30.81 29.46
28.71 2&.24
27.91 n.49
27,45 26.60 26.12
18.00 16.69
15.98 15.52
15.21 14.80
14.37 13.93 13.,t6
13.27 12.46
11.39 10"97
10.67 1A.27
9.89 9.47 9.@
10.92 9.78
9.'t5 8.75
7.72 7.31 6.88
8.47 8.10
9.55 8.45
7.85 7.ffi
v1s 6.84
6.17 6.07 5.65
8.65 7.5S
7.U 6.63
6.37 6.00
5,67 6.28 4.86
8.42 6.39
6.42 6.06
5.80 5.47
5.11 4.73 4.31
7.56 6.55
5.Sg 5.64
4.71 4.33 3-91
5.3S 5.06
7 -20
6.22
5.67 5.32
5.07 4.74
4.44 4.A2 3.60
6.93 5,S5
5.41 5,06
4.82 4.50
4.J6 3.78 3.36
6.70 5.74
5.20 4.86
4.62 4.30
3.36 3.5S 3.16
6.s1 5.56
5.03 4,ffi
4.46 4.14
3.80 3.43 3.00
6.36 5.42
4.89 4,.56
4.32 4.00
3.67 3.29 2.8V
6.23 5.25
4.77 4.44
4.20 3.89
3.55 3.18 2.75
6.11 5.18
4.67 4.34
4.10 3'79
3.45 3.08 2.65
5.01 5.09
4.ffi 4.25
4.U 3.71
3. 7
3.00 2.57
5.93 5.01
4.50 4.17
3.S4 3.63
3"30 2.92 2.49
5.85 4.94
4.43 4.10
3.87 3.56
3.23 2.86 2.42
5.78 4.87
4.37 4.A4
3.81 3.51
3.17 2.8A 236
5.72 4.82
4.31 3.SS
3.76 3.45
3.12 2.75 2"31
5.66 4.76
4.26 3.94
3.71 3.41
3.47 2.70 2.26
5.61 4.72
4.22 3.90
3.67 3.S
3.0iI z.ffi
2.21
5.57 4.68
4.18 3.86
3"63 3.S2
2.*
2.62 2.17
5.53 4.U
4.14 3.82
3.59 3.25
2.96 2.58 zie
5.49 4.W
4.11 3.78
3.56 3.26
2.93 2.45 2.10
5.45 4.57
4.87 3.75
3.53 3.25
2.W 2.52 2.M
5.42 4.U
4.44 3.73
3.50 3.20
2.87 2.49 2.A3
5.39 4.51
4.42 3.70
3.47 3)7
2.84 2.47 2.O1
5.18 4.31
3.83 3.51
3.29 2.W
2.66 2.29 1.80
4.S8 4.13
3.65 3.34
3.12 2.82
2.50 2.12
1.60
4.75 3-95
3.48 9j7
2.% z.ffi
2.e4 1.95
1.38
4.6fi 3.78
3.32 3.82
2.W 2.$1
2.18 1.79
1-00

Srurca Thh V ol Frsher and Yates. Stafbtbd Tfutsg lor Eldryica4 Agtitrufuxd and hfedhd fu#ffih, puHisted by Longrnan Grwp Ltd.,
London (1974), 6th edition (prevkNsly puuished by Oliver and Boyd Ltd., Edinburgh). Reprinted by pemission of Pearson Education Ltd.