Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Slide No.2
This is intended to :-
• Help an existing operator in building/expanding their network
• Help a new operator in identifying their RF network requirement, e.g.
where their network should be built
Slide No.3
Slide No.4
• Capacity requirements
– Erlang per subscriber during the busy hour
– Quality of service for the air interface, in terms GoS
– Network capacity
Slide No.5
Slide No.6
Digitised
CW Drive Databases Customer
Testing Requirements
RF
Propagation Coverage Link
Model Design Budget
Slide No.7
Slide No.8
• CW Transmitter
– Example : Gator Transmitter (BVS), LMW Series Transmitter (CHASE),
TX-1500 (LCC) etc.
• Accessories
– Including flexible coaxial cable/jumper, Power meter, extended power
cord, GPS, compass, altimeter
Slide No.9
Slide No.10
• For propagation model tuning, the test sites should be selected so that :-
– They are distributed within the clutter under study
– The height of the test site should be representative or typical for the
specific clutter
– Preferably not in hilly areas
Slide No.11
Slide No.13
• Transmitter installation
• A complete set of 360º photographs of the test location (at the test height)
and the antenna setup should be taken for record
Slide No.15
HP 7475A Receiver
Slide No.16
Dismantling Equipment
• It is recommended to re-confirm the transmit power (as the pre-set value)
before dismantling the transmitter setup
Slide No.18
Report Generation
• For propagation model tuning, the measurement data is exported into the
planning tool (e.g. Asset)
• Plots can also be generated using the processing tool or using MapInfo
• During the export of the measurement data, it is important to take care of
the coordinate system used, a conversion is necessary if different
coordinate systems are used
Slide No.19
Lu (dB) = 46.3 + 33.9 log(f) - 13.82 log(Hb) - a(Hm) + [44.9 - 6.55 log(Hb)] log(d) + Cm
where
a(Hm) = [1.1*log(f) - 0.7]*Hm - [1.56*log(f) -0.8]
For medium sized city, suburban centres with moderate tree density
Cm = 0 dB
For Suburban
Lsu (dB) = Lu - 2 [log(f/28)]2 - 5.4
For Rural (Quasi-open)
Lrqo (dB) = Lu - 4.78 [log(f)]2 + 18.33 log(f) - 35.94
For Rural (Open area)
Lrqo (dB) = Lu - 4.78 [log(f)]2 + 18.33 log(f) - 40.94
Slide No.21
Slide No.22
Slide No.23
LNA
(optional) Penetration Loss
ACE Diversity
Loss Gain
Mobile Mobile Receiver
Transmit Power Sensitivity
BTS Transmit BTS Receiver
Power Sensitivity
Slide No.24
ACE Loss
• Includes all diplexers, combiners and connectors.
• Depends on the ACE configuration
• The ACE configuration depends on the number of TRXs and combiners used
Slide No.25
Slide No.26
LNA (Optional)
• To improve the performance of the uplink
• Should be located close to the antenna to :-
– Improve the system noise figure
– Compensate the feeder losses
Slide No.27
Slide No.28
Slide No.29
Slide No.30
Slide No.31
Body Loss
• Typical value of 2dB body loss is used
MS Antenna Gain
• A typical mobile antenna gain of 2.2 dBi is used
Slide No.32
UPLINK DOWNLINK
MS Transmit Power 33 dBm BTS Transmit Power 46 dBm
Cable Loss 0 dB ACE Loss Z
MS Antenna Gain 2.2 dBi Feeder Loss 2 dB
Body Loss 2 dB LNA Gain 0 dB
Penetration Loss W BTS Antenna Gain 18 dBi
Slow Fade Margin X Max. Path Loss Y
Max. Path Loss Y Slow Fade Margin X
BTS Antenna Gain 18 dBi Penetration Loss W
LNA Gain 0 dB Body Loss 2 dB
Feeder Loss 2 dB MS Antenna Gain 2.2 dBi
ACE Loss 0 dB Cable Loss 0 dB
Diversity Gain 4 dB Diversity Gain 0 dB
BTS Receiver Sensitivity -107 dBm MS Receiver Sensitivity -102 dBm
Slide No.33
• Gain
• Beamwidths in horizontal and vertical radiated planes
• VSWR
• Frequency range
• Nominal impedance
• Radiated pattern (beamshape) in horizontal and vertical planes
• Downtilt available (electrical, mechanical)
• Polarisation
• Connector types (DIN, N)
• Height, weight, windload and physical dimensions
Slide No.34
Slide No.35
Slide No.36
Slide No.37
Link Budget
Propagation Coverage Traffic
model requirements requirements
Maximum
path loss
Nominal RF
Site radius Design • Recalculate the site
(coverage) radius using the
Typical site • Standard hexagon site number of sites from
layout the traffic requirement
configuration • Friendly, candidate sites • Repeat the nominal
• Transmit Power • Initial site survey inputs RF design
• Antenna configuration Coverage site
(type, height, azimuth) count
• Site type (sector, omni)
Slide No.39
Example (GSM1800) :-
• Maximum Pathloss = 138 dB • Standard COST231 model
• Typical Site Configuration (Urban) • Mobile Height = 1.5 m
– Antenna Height = 30 m
– EiRP = 56 dBm
Slide No.40
Slide No.41
Slide No.42
If the total sites for the traffic requirement is more than the sites
required for coverage, the nominal RF design is repeated using the
number of sites from the traffic requirement
• Recalculating the cell radius for the high traffic density areas
• The calculation steps are :-
– Calculate the area to be covered per site
– Calculate the maximum cell radius
– Calculate the site distance
Slide No.43
Slide No.44
N Candidate Y
approved?
Issue design
N N
Cell split Additional sites
change required required
Y Y
Slide No.45
P h a s e : 1 P r o je c t ID : D u m m y • Site Name
• Latitude/Longitude
D e g re e M in u te s S e c o n d s S /E
L a tit u d e : 3 6 5 5 1 8 .2 8 S
L o n g itu d e : 1 7 4 4 5 4 0 .8 0 E
G r o u n d E le v a tio n (m ts ) : 6 0 M
H
o r p h o lo g y :
ig h R is e B u id in g U rb a n
• Project name
D e n s e -U rb a n In d u s tr ia l
S
R
O
u b u rb a n
u ra l
th e r
X
• Issue Number and date
• Ground height
P r e lim in a r y C o n fig u r a tio n : S e c to r 1 S e c to r 2 S e c to r 3
0 0 0
A n te n n a O r ie n ta tio n 0 1 2 0 2 4 0
A n te n n a T y p e K a th r e in K a th r e in K a th r e in
R e c o m m e n d e d A n te n n a H e ig h t 1 5
7 3 9 -4 9 5 7 3 9 -4 9 5 7 3 9 -4 9 5
• Clutter environment
S e a rc h A re a :
S e a r c h R a d iu s : 1 5 0 m
A s m a rk e d o n a tta c h e d m a p .
• Preliminary configuration
O b je c t iv e : H ills b o r o u g h
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
• Number of sector
• Azimuth
A tta c h m e n ts :
1 ) P r o p a g a t io n P lo t ( G R A N D / C E 4 / _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ) : N o
• Antenna type
2 ) C o p y o f M a p s h o w in g T h e o r e tic a l S it e a n d S e a r c h A r e a ? Y e s
3 ) A u c k la n d S tr e e t D ir e c t o r y M a p N o . : 4 8 /A W 3 1
4 ) T e r r a in a n d C lu t te r P lo t ( G R A N D / C E 4 / _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ) : N o
5 ) M W T r a n s m is s io n c o n n e c t iv ity d ia g r a m
6 ) A n y o t h e r D o c u m e n t ( s p e c if y )
• Antenna height
R e m a rk s :
R F P r o je c t O ffic e
R F M a n a g e r : P r o je c t / I m p le m e n ta tio n M a n a g e r :
• Attachment
N a m e : N a m e :
D a te : D a te :
P ro c e e d : Y e s N o
R e le a s e D a te : • Location map
R e le a s e T o :
Slide No.46
R
D
e
C
s p o n s
C C N
e D u e D a te :
: • Approvals
Lucent Technologies - Proprietary
Site Realisation
Candidate Assessment Report
• Includes all suitable candidates for the search ring
• For each candidates :-
– Location (latitude/longitude)
– Location map showing the relative location of the candidates and also
the search ring
– Candidate information (height, owner etc)
– Photographs (360º set, rooftop, access, building)
– Possible antenna mounting position
– Possible base station equipment location
– Information for any existing antennas
– Planning reports/comments (restrictions, possibilities of approval etc.)
Slide No.47
C o n ta c t A d d r e s s /T e le p h o n e
V e r s io n :
• Base Station configuration
S ite A d d r e s s – Azimuth
– Antenna height
S tru c tu re T y p e B u ild in g M o n o p o le E x is t in g T o w e r
S tr u c tu r e H e ig h t
R F D e ta ils
A lp h a B e ta G am m a O m n i
– Antenna type
– Down tilt
O r ie n ta tio n (d e g /T N )
A n te n n a H e ig h t(m )
A n te n n a T y p e
D o w n tilt (E /M )
A n te n n a L o c a tio n – Antenna location
–
F e ed er T y p e
F e e d e r L e n g th (m )
B T S T yp e
Feeder type and length
M a x .T x P o w e r (d B m )
In itia l R T C o n fig u r a tio n
F u tu r e R T C o n fig u r a tio n
– BTS type
T r a n s m is s io n D e ta ils
L O S 1 L O S 2 L O S 3
– Transmit power
– Transceiver configuration
F a r E n d S ite ID
B e a rin g (d e g /M N )
H e ig h t (m )
A n te n n a M o d e l
A n te n n a S iz e ( ft/m m )
A n te n n a L o c a tio n
C a p a c ity (E 1 /T 1 )
F re q . B a n d (G h z )
A d d itio n a l C o m m e n ts
S ig n e d
R F E n g in e e r T x E n g in e e r
Slide No.48 D C C C /N
Slide No.49
Slide No.50
Slide No.51
Arctan(h/2R)
desired Interfering
R R
Arctan(h/R)
desired
R
Slide No.52
• RF feeder run :-
– Proposed route
– Feeder length
– Feeder type
Slide No.53
Traffic
Requirement
Maximum number of
TRX per cell
Slide No.54
Slide No.55
Slide No.56
Slide No.57
Design 1
• Proposed Reuse factor = 4/12
– Channels required per TRX layer : 12
– Number of TRX : 4
Design 2
• Proposed reuse factor for BCCH = 4/12
• Proposed reuse factor for remaining TRX = 3/9
• Number of channels for BCCH layer = 12
• Remaining channels = 36
• Number of channels for non-BCCH layer = 9
• Number of non-BCCH layers = 4
• Total number of TRX = 5
Slide No.58
Slide No.59
Total subscribers
Total sites
Subscriber supported per site
Slide No.60
Slide No.61
Solutions SOUTH
(60%)
A = function(GOS, #TCH) - refer Erlang B table
B = A x # Sector
Radio Network Capacity = B/Erlang per Sub
Slide No.62
Slide No.63
Slide No.64