Connectors

and
Puntuation
What are
Connectors?
Also called conjunctive words - are
words that link two similar
elements in a sentence.
The four categories of connector are:

1. coordinating conjunctions, such as and or or,

2. subordinating conjunctions such as if, so that,
because or while. and

3. correlating conjunctions such as neither... nor

4. The fourth group of connectors consists of conjunctive

adverbs such as therefore or however 2
Contrast Link

yet no
unrelated nouns
nor

but Neithe and

r

clauses

Travels with the

correlative conjunction
neither 3
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Coordinating
conjunctions

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 For
example
I took the subway, and got off at 96th
Street.

Ernest Hemingway won A Nobel Prize

and is one of America's greatest authors

I took the subway, but there was a delay.

Galen is tall and clumsy, yet he's great

ay sports
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Puntuation Marks

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 Commas Commas
are not are
requiered requiered

List List
item or item item , or item

item and item item , and item

Independent clauses

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“
item
List
or item

item and item

Dependent clauses

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 Example

◎ Ask Harold ir he would like ti

play tennis or squash.

◎ Will Aunt Sarah be visiting for a

week, or is she staying for the
entire summer

◎ Will Aunt Sarah be visiting for a

week or the entire summer?

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Subordinating conjunctions :
Subordinating conjunctions
are used to link two clauses
within a single sentence,
when one clause is
subordinate to the other.
In other words, the
subordinate clause clarifies,
expands or explains the
meaning of the main clause.
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Common subordinating
conjunctions include:
• as , because and since
(cause)
• so and so that (purpose)
• although and though
(contrastive)
• after, before, until, while,
etc. (temporal)
• if, unless, as long as,
provided, whenever,
whatever (conditional,
indirect question)
• that (reported speech,
indirect statement,
consequential)
Example

1. I 'm going to 2. I'm locking the 3. So he wouldn't

London because door, so nobody forget to wake up,
I've got a new job. can get in. he set his alarm
for 5.30.

4. This book is good, 5. If you see 6. Provided you can

though some bits anything swim, you can
of it are rather suspicious, let me come out on our
boring. know at once. yacht.

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Correlating
coordinators
These can either correlate words, or phrases, or
clauses (sentences).

The main examples are :

both.... and, not only.... but also, (combining

correlators)
either...or , whether.... or not (binary choice
correlators)
neither.... nor, (negative correlators)

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Examples:

1. This is both stupid and incomprehensible
2. I can understand both his reasons and his arguments
3. Not only can I hear him, but also I can  see him
4. I can not only hear him, but also see him.
5. Either it's right, or it's wrong
6. I'll go there whether I'm allowed to or not.
7. We're going home now, whether you like it or not.
8. I'm neither angry nor happy.
9. The more you earn, the more you spend.
10. I have never been to Florida on holiday; nor have I
been there on business.
11. No sooner had I opened the door, than the phone rang.

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Conjunctive adverbs

These are very similar to

subordinating conjunctions.
The biggest difference is that
conjunctive adverbs can
frequently be used in a variety
of positions within the
subordinate clause, whereas
subordinating
conjunctions MUST stand at
the start of the subordinate
clause.

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 Here are some of the most common
conjunctive adverbs

Also, besides, furthermore, additionally, so

(additional or consequential)
Therefore, thus, consequently, so
(consequential)
Alternatively, similarly, (comparative)
However, nevertheless, otherwise
(contrastive)
Special case: too 16
Examples:

Conjunctive adverb : the position in the clause is flexible

They bought a new car; it was however still too small for
their family.
They bought a new car; it was still too small for their family,
however
They bought a new car; however it was still too small for
their family.
They bought a new car; it was still too small however for
their family.

Subordinating conjunction; only one position is possible

Although they bought a new car, it was still too small for
their family.
 Summary
◎ A small number of conjunctions and
conjunctive adverbs can link individual words
or phrases; but the majority can only link two
clauses.

◎ A coordinated clause or phrase must follow the

clause or phrase to which it is connected.

◎ A subordinate clause normally follows the

main clause, but in some cases may preceed
it.

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Place your screenshot here

Connectors List

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Any questions?
Danna Valeria Cruz Ramírez
dramirez.unm@gmail.com

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