ADJECTIVES CLAUSES

WRITTEN BY : 3 th GROUP

Name : 1. Lynes Andika Harefa

2. Riatta Yanti Lase

3. Yasmin Waruwu

4. Septrida Gea

Class/Semester : B/III

Course : Avanced Grammar

Lecturer : Hidayati Daeli, M.Pd.

NIAS UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
ENGLISH EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM
YEARS OF ACADEMIC 2022
 PREFACE

Praise and gratitude we pray to the presence of God Almighty for the blessings,
mercy and guidance that he has bestowed upon as so that we are 10th group can
complete the paper entitled Adjedtives Clauses without any obstacles in accordance
with the allotted time.
The writing of is paper is a requirement to fulfill the assignment for the
ADVANCED GRAMMAR course at the university of Nias.
We realize that this paper would not have been compiled without the help and
support of other parties. Therefore, are would like to thank those who have helped and
supported the completion of this paper and thank Madam HidayatiDaeli,M.Pd. as a
lecturer in ADVANCED GRAMMAR course.
We hope that this paper that we have compiled can be useful for all of us.

Gunungsitoli, 2022-10-05

Writer

3th Group

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TABLE OF CONTENT
PREFACE.....................................................................................................................i
TABLE OF CONTENT.............................................................................................ii
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION...............................................................................1
A. Background.................................................................................................1
B. Formulation Of The Problem......................................................................1
C. Purpose........................................................................................................1
CHAPTER II DISCUSSION.....................................................................................2
CHAPTER III CONCLUSION.................................................................................9
A. Conclusion.................................................................................................9
B. Suggestion .................................................................................................9

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 CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

A. Background
English is an international language, which is the language used in
conversations between countries in general. In English there are rules that must be
used to organize sentences.
One of the material contained in grammar is Adjective Clauses. To help us
understand more deeply what Adjective Clauses are like, in this paper the author
will try to convey Adjective Clauses material to readers so that they can help.
Previously, the author apologizes if there are errors in the delivery of this paper
and hopefully the material in it can add insight to the reader.

B. Problem Formulation
The formulation of the problem that will be discussed in this paper are:
1. What are Adjective Clauses?
2. What is Adjective Clauses, Restrictive vs. Non-restrictive?

C. Purpose
1. To know what the Adjective Clauses
2. To implementation Adjective Clauses in daily life
3. To know Adjective Clauses, Restrictive vs. Non-restrictive

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 CHAPTER II
DISCUSSION

1.1 Definition Adjective Clauses

According to Betty Schrampfer Azar (2002:267) An adjective clause is a
dependent clause that modifies a noun. It describes, identifies, or gives further
information about a noun. (An adjective clause is also called "a relative clause).
 Adjective clause According to Betty Schrampfer Azar (2002:280)
Adjective clauses can modify indefinite pronouns (e.g., someone,
everybody). Object pronouns (e.g., who(m), that, which) are usually
omitted in the adjective clause.
Example:
a) There is someone (whom) I want you w meet.
(b) Everything he said was pure nonsense.
(c) Anybody who wants to come is welcome.

Adjective clauses can mod& the one(s) and those.

Example:
Scholarships are available for those who need financial assistance.
 According to Betty Schrampfer Azar (2002:267,268)
An adjective clause uses pronouns to connect the dependent clause to the
independent clause. The adjective clause pronouns are who, whom,
which, that, and whose. (Adjective clause pronouns are also called
"relative pronouns.")
1) Adjective Clause pronouns as the subject.
(a) I thanked the woman who helped me.
I thanked the woman. She helped me.
(b) I thanked the woman that helped me.
In (a): I thanked the woman = an independent clause;
who helped me = an adjective clause. The adjective clause
modifies the noun woman.

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 (c) The book which is on the table is mine.
The book is mine. It is on the table.
(d) The book that is on the table is mine.
Who = used for people
Which = used for things
That = used for both people and things
2) Adjective Clause pronouns used as the object of the Verb
The man was Mr. Jones. I saw him.
(a) The man who(m) I saw was Mr. Jones.
(b) The man that I saw was Mr. Jones.

According to Marcella Frank (1972:45) Adjective Clauses are also called

Relative Clauses.
Relative pronoun:
1. A person Relative pronoun : Who (whom or whose) that
Introductory word functioning as:
Subject-He paid the man who (or that) had done the work. Object of
verb-He paid the man whom (or that) he had hired. Object of preposition-He
paid the man from whom he had borrowed the money.
Possessive adjective--This is the girl whose picture you saw.

2. A thing : Which, that

Subject-Here is a book which (or that) describes animals. Object of
veri--The chair which (or that) he broke is being repaired. Object of
preposition-She was wearing the coat for which she had paid $2,000.
3. A time : When relative adverb:
This is the year when the Olympic Games are held.
4. a place where Here is the house where I live.
5. a reason Why Give me one good reason why you did that.

Conclusion: Adjective (relative) clauses are parts of sentences that begin with relative
pronouns.

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1.2 Function Adjective Clauses
According to Michael Swan and Catherine Walter (2011:214),
 Who, which and that, while we often use that instead of who in
identifying relative clauses, it is rather informal, especially as a subject in
sentence.
Example :
a) The people who live next door have got eight cats.
b) The people that live next door have got eight cats.
c) He is the man who works hard to support their daily needs.

 Whom is quite formal, and is dying out in informal speech. It is still

common in non-identifying clauses, but it is rare in identifying clauses
except after prepositions.
Example :
a) She was surprised to see Laura, whom she had last met at
Andrew's wedding.
b) The woman whom you saw last night is my sister
c) The woman whom you need yesterday is my mother

 Whose Relative whose is used before nouns, and can refer back to both
people and things.
Example :
a) He was a man whose face was on posters everywhere.
b) We bought a TV whose main function was to keep the children
quiet.
c) That is the girl whose boy stole my purse.

According to Jhon Eastwood (1994: 360-361),

 Relative pronoun as subject
The pronoun can be the subject of the relative clause.

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 a.The young man who/that lives on the corner rides a motor-bike.
(He lives on the corner.)
b. I've got a computer program which/that does the job
for me. (It does the job for me.)
c.Mike is a man who updated the news this morning.

 Relative pronoun as object

The pronoun can be the object of a relative clause.
a. It's the same actor who/that we saw at the theatre. (We saw him
at the theatre.)
b. You can get back the tax which/that you've paid. (You've paid
it.)
c.

1.3 Types Adjective Clauses

According to The Writers’ Workshop, February 27, 2006, The University of
Illinois at Urbana-Campaign, July 24, 2006
1. Restrictive clauses
A restrictive clause is essential to the proper understanding of the
sentence. This means that the clause limits the meaning of what is being said and
is essential to its understanding.
Examples:
The student who missed class was behind on her homework.
The popcorn that Sebastian made was stale.

In the first example, the essential idea is that the specific student who missed class
is the one behind on her homework and not any of the other students. In the
second example, it is Sebastian’s popcorn that is stale and not anyone else’s
popcorn. If the restrictive clauses are removed, it becomes impossible to clarify
what is being described.
2. Non-restrictive clauses

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 A non-restrictive clause is not essential to the proper understanding of the
sentence. This clause can be removed from the sentence without eliminating
information essential to understanding what is being said. Non-restrictive clauses
are often separated with commas while restrictive clauses are not.
Examples:
The student, who is on the school hockey team, has failed her last three tests.
The popcorn, covered in butter, is stale.

In these examples, the non-restrictive clause may be removed from the

sentence without preventing the reader from understanding the essential
information being expressed. As well, in each case, the non-restrictive clause is
separated from the main sentence with commas. These commas let the reader
know that the information is extra and not grammatically essential.

1.4 Punctuating Adjective Clauses

According to Betty Azar (2002:281)General guidelines for the punctuation of
adjective clauses:
(1) DO NOT USE Commas If the adjective clause is necessary to identify the
noun it modifies.*
(2) USE COMMAS IF the adjective clause simply gives additional information
and is not necessary to identlfy the noun it modifies.
Example:
(a) The professor who teaches Chemistry 101 is an excellent lecturer.
(b) Professor Wilson, who teaches Chemistry 101, is an excellent lecturer.

According to Marcella Frank (1972:46)

1. Non restrictive clauses (use commas)
 Antecedent a proper noun: many people congratulating Farhan,
who had just won the Nobel Prize for literature.
 Antecedent of one of kind: the boy’s mother, who love him very
much, has made many sacrifices for his happiness.
2. Restrictive clauses (Do not use commas)

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  Many people congratulated the man who had just won the Nobel
Prize for literature.
 A mother who loves her son very much will make many
sacrifices for his happiness

1.5 Example Adjective Clauses

The woman who I wanted to see was away on holiday.

(I wanted to see the woman) who (= the woman) is the object
I is the subject

Did you find the keys that you lost?

you lost the keys that (= the keys) is the object
you is the subject
A widow is a woman whose husband is dead.
(her husband is dead)

I met someone whose brother I went to school with.

(I went to school with his/her brother)

I recently went back to the town where I grew up. (I grew up there)

Last week we had a party and a lot of people came. Everybody enjoyed it.
Everybody who came to the party enjoyed it.
` relative clauses

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Conclusion types
4. Types of Adjective Clauses

There are two kinds of adjective clauses: restrictive and non-restrictive.

a. A restrictive clause is one that limits or restricts the noun or pronoun it modifies. It
makes the noun or pronoun more specific. Restrictive clauses have information that is
essential to the meaning of the sentence.
Example 1
People who are rude are difficult to be around.
This adjective clause is restrictive. It limits the type of person that the subject ‘people’
is about. The sentence is not about all people, but about a limited group of people: ones
who are rude. If this adjective clause were removed, the meaning of this sentence would
be very different.
Example 2
The button that is on top turns on the machine.
This adjective clause is restrictive. It limits the noun ‘button’ – it lets the reader know
which button is being identified. This would be useful if there were several buttons, and
the reader wanted to know which one to use. If this clause were removed, the reader
would not know how to turn the machine on.
b. A non-restrictive clause does not limit the noun or pronoun it modifies; instead, it
gives a bit of additional information. Non-restrictive clauses are not essential to a
sentence’s meaning, but add a bit of extra detail.
Example 1
My brother, who is sometimes rude to guests, lives down the street from me.

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This adjective clause is non-restrictive. It is adding extra information about ‘my
brother’. If this adjective clause were removed, the main message of the sentence would
remain the same.
Example 2: 
The button, which is green, is at the top of the row.
The adjective clause here is non-restrictive – it does not limit the ‘button’ in any way.
Instead, it is adding a little bit of extra information. If this clause were removed, the
reader would still know which button the sentence refers to.
CHAPTER III
CLOSING
A. Conclusion
An adjective clause is a dependent clause that modifies a noun. It describes,
identifies, or gives further information about a noun. (An adjective clause is also called
"a relative clause).

Infinitive is a verb add by suffix “to” or Simple form which functions as a

subject,object, adjective and adverb.

B. Suggestion
We know this paper many weakness, so the author hopes that
constructive criticism and suggestions can be made in order to make the paper
better in the future and if the material contains errors, the author apologizes for
the lack of reference sources and the author's understanding who still needs help
from all.

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 REFERENCES

The Writers’ Workshop, February 27, 2006, The University of Illinois at Urbana-
Campaign, July 24, 2006,
Understanding and Using English Grammar 3rd ed (Betty Schrampfer Azar)
2002,,Pearson Education, 10 Bank Street, White Plains
Advanced Grammar in Use A self-study reference and practice book for advanced
learners of English Third Edition (Martin Hewings) 2013,,Cambridge, New York,
Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town
Modern English Exercises for native Speakers(Marcella Frank) 1972 New york
University
Oxford English grammar course - Advanced (Michael Swan. Catherine Walter)
2011,,XFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS Great Clarendon Steet, Oxford, ox2 6DP,
United Kingdom
Oxford guide to English grammar (John Eastwood) 1994,,Oxford University
PressOxford New York

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