DETERMINERS

Group 2 :

NeniSuryaniGulo (222102052)

Rita KristianiTelaumbanua (222102062)

SilvanHerniyantiTelaumbanua (222102070)

SailasMardiantiZega (221003062)

Subject :BASIC GRAMMAR

Lecturer :HidayatiDaeli, M.Pd

UNIVERSITAS NIAS
FACULTY OF FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND
EDUCATION
ENGLISH EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM
2022
 FOREWORD

Praise be to the presence of God Almighty who hasgiven His grace and gifts so that the
author can complete the Group Papersentitled “DETERMINERS IN ENGLISH” on time.This
Paper was created to fulfill the task of Basic Basic Grammar. Supervised by
Mrs.HidayatDaeli, M.Pd.In arranging this papers, the writer trully get lots challenges and
obstructions but with help of many indiviuals, those obstructions could passed. Because of
that, the writers says thank you to all individuals who helps in the process of writing this.

The author realizes that in the preparation of this task there are still many shortcomings
and isstill far from perfect. Therefore, the authors expect constructive criticism and
suggestions to perfect this task and can be a reference in the preparation of further
assignments. The authoralso apologizes if in writing this thesis there are typing errors and
errors that confuse thereader in understanding the author's intent.

Gunungsitoli, October 15, 2022

Authors
 CHAPTER II

INTRODUCTION

1.1 THE BACKGROUND

This paper is based on a predetermined theme; determiners. This time we will discuss
what aredeterminers, what is does, where it should be usedis also included with some
examples. Determiners are place in front of the noun and serve to clarify the meaning of the
noun.
In this case, we will discuss in more detail what a determiners, to improve all the
sentence we use to speak English. In English there are many rules and grammar that must be
followed. And one of them is determiners, which, it used properly and appropriately, will
enhance, and make it easier for listeners or readers to understand what we convey.

1.2 FORMULATION OF THE PROBLEM

1) What is the definition of determiners?
2) What kind of determiners are those?
3) What is the function of determiners?
4) What are the characteristics of determiners?
5) What is the classification of determiners?

1.3 THE PURPOSE

1) To know the definition of determiners.
2) To better understand what determiners are.
3) To know where to use determiners.
4) To add insight to the reader about determiners.
 CHAPTER II

DISCUSSION

2.1 DETERMINERS

2.1.1 Definition
1. According to the book English Grammar: Understanding the Basic (Evelyn P.A. and
Robert M.V. 2010 : 45), determiners are words that can occur directly before a
noun, tell us a bit more about that noun, and introduce it. Example:
- I milked the cow
- It is Harry’s turn
- They bought that house
- John has more money
2. According to the book Basic English Grammar for English Language Learners
(Anne Seaton and Y.H.Mew 2007 : 71), determiners are special adjectives that are
used before nouns.
3. According to the book Complete English Grammar Rule (Peter Herring 2016 : 571),
determiners are used to introduce a noun or noun phrase. Determiners often behave
similarly to adjective in that they modify the noun they precede, but they differ in
how they signal that a noun will follow. Determiners do two things, first they signal
that a noun or noun phrase will follow. Then, they give information about the item.
Determiners may tell us whether the item is general or specific, near or far, singular or
plural, they can also quantify the item, describing how much or how many are referred to, or
they can tell us to whom the item belongs.
From the several opinions explained above, it can be concluded that determiners are a
word that is used before a noun, provides a lot of information about the noun and introduce
the noun or noun phrase. Determiners also two thing, namely :
1) to signal that a noun or noun phrase will follow,
2) then will provide information about the noun.

Example :
1) I took the chair.
2) Patrick has more marbles.
3) Jenni playing with dolls.

2.1.2 Function of Determiners

1. Rosita, (2017:60) “the function of determiners has the same function as
prepositions in a sentence, which is to give a sign that after the determinant a noun
will definitely follow”.
 Example: a book, these shoes, etc.
2. Indriani, (2015:55)“determiners is the word placed in front of noun who serves to
clarify the meaning of the noun”.
Example: these children  (so that means, we know better which “children” is
meant).
3. Evelyn P. Altenberg&Robet M. Vargo.(2010:45) “Deteminers are words that can
occur directly before noun, tell us a bit more about that noun, and introduce it”
Example: They bought that house
So, we can conclude that the determiners function as a sign to clarify the meaning of
noun.
Determiners have two main functions :
1. Referring nouns
They make the reference of nouns more specific or general .
Example : - That is Ali.
- This is a grammar website.
2. Quantifying nouns
Referring Determiners Referring means showing us who or what the noun is
pointing to or talking about .
Example : - A lot of book.
- A little salt.
They tell the reader or listener whether we're referring to a specific or general thing .
• General determiners
 Rosita, (2017) “general determiners are used when we are talking about people or
things in an indefinite way”.
 Indriani, (2015) “general determinersnot clearly indicate the object or thing in
question. The object or thing in question is the first time it has been discussed so
that it is still general”.

o Distributive: all, whole, every, both, etc.

Example: a. He takes all pens in my bag.

b. I think of you every time.

o Indefinite article: a, an.

Example: a. I have a book and put it in my bag.
b. She carries a big ball.
o Quantifier: some, few, many, much, little, etc.
Example: a. I have many task in this week.
b. She does not have many friends.
o Cardinal number: another, every, each
 Example: a. I have one dollar.
b. She has three brothers.
• Specific determiners
 Ayu Rini, (2008) “specific determiners used when we are talking about specific people
or things”.
Example : Our children must attend this class
 Indriani, (2015) “specific determiners shows the certainty of what we mean”. The
groups included in the specific determination are as follows:
o Demonstrative determiners: that, this, those, these.
Example: a. This table is very clean and strong
b. These books contains 10 chapters each.
o Definite article: the.
Example: a. Little Adam likes the pink balloon.
b. I do not like the atmosphere here.
o Possessive adjective: my, your, our, her, his, its, their.
Example: a. Your book in my bag.
b. My house is bigger than Raina’s.
o Ordinal number: one, two, hundred, thousand, etc.
Example: a. I finished in first place in the competition.
b. He will present his idea third.

2.1.3 Characteristic of Determiners

1. According to Anne Seaton and Y.H.Mew 2007 : 71, Determiner, a special adjective used
before a noun.
2. According to Evelyn P.Altenberg Robert M.Vago 2010,
 Determiners come before nouns.
 Determiners are usually used to give information about nouns, whether specific
or not.
 Determiners are also usually used to indicate possession.
 Determiners are also usually words that denote something or someone.
 Determiners also in the form of quantifiers can also act as determiners and
precede nouns.
From the opinion above it can be concluded that the characteristics of determiners are:
1) Determiners are word that come before nouns,
2) Determiners are also used to provide information about nouns, to indicate possession,
3) Determiners are words that denote something or someone, and
4) When in the form quantifiers can act as precede a noun.
Example:
1. Robert has more water.
 2. I sold my painting.
3. This is one fabulous car.
4. I have some money but not a lot of it.

2.1.4 Classification of Determiners

The classification of determiners according to expert:
1. The Oxford Dictionary of English Grammar, (2014) “Determiners can be classified
from the point of view of meaning into alarge number of categories such as
demonstrative (this, that), degree(few, little), existential (any, some), free relative
(which, whatever), and interrogative (which, what)”.
2. Indriani, (2015) “In general, determiners is divided into two, namely; specific
determiner and general determiner. The order of determiners, namely; predeterminer,
central determiner, post determiner, personal determiner and using determiners
together”.
Can be concluded that determiners in English can be grouped in two ways, namely:
1. Determiners by Location or Position
Based on the location or position, there are three types of Determiners, namely: Pre-
determiner, Central Determiner and Post Determiner.
a. Pre-determiner
A pre-determiner is a type of determiner that is located at the beginning or front in the
order of determiners. This determiner generally states the proportion of a noun that
follows it. The formula of the pre-determiner:
(pre-determiner +/- other determiner + noun).
Types of Pre-determiners, include:
 Multipliers, that is multiplying the multiplier. Words used in multipliers like
twice, five/six times, double.
(Multipliers + Article / Possessive + Plural Countable Noun / Mass Noun)
Example : - She makes twice my annual salary.
- Mom calls me approximately five times a week.
- Our group raised ten times the amount needed for the trip.
 Fraction, shows fractions. Fraction is used to describe a small or small part of the
whole. Words including fraction like; two-thirds, one-thirds, two-fifth.
(Fraction + Article / Possessive + Noun)
Example : - Her bus will arrive in half an hour.
- I ate one-third Sandy’s cookies.
- She uses tree-fourths her monthly salary for rent and bills.
 Intensifiers, serves as an amplifier / enhancer. The word intensifiers include rather,
quite, what and such.
Example :
 - this turned out to be such a beautiful day! (I am very pleased by the day).
- You are such a disappointment. (I am disappointed and surprised by what
you did.)
- It was quite a nice surprise! (I was very surprise and happy)
 Distributives, the word to represent one of the total number of an object.
Example :
- all your money is gone.
- All these books are mine.
- Both my friends are mad at me.

 Exclamative, which is a word used to exclaim or admire something andends with

an exclamation mark .
(What + Article + Noun and such + a/zero Article + Noun)
Example :
- What a great paintings, such a brilliant idea!
- What a beautiful day!
- What a hair!
b. Central Determiner
The central determiner is a type of determiner that is in the middle between the
Predeterminer and the Post Determiner. In general, the formula is only:
(determiner + noun).
However, we can also adapt it to the context of each sentence. Typesof central
determiners, include:
(1) Article (a, an, the),
(2) Demonstrative (this, that, those, etc),
(3) Possessive (your, my, her, his, etc).
Example :
- Twice a day.
- The second floor.
- All my money.
c. Post Determiner

A post determiner is a type of determiner that is located at the end of the determiner
sequence or it can be said to be located right before the noun it describes/determiner
that comes after the pre-determiner with/without the central determiner after it. The
general formula is also (determiner + noun). Types of the post determiner, include:

(1) Number (cardinal & ordinal)

Ordinal number is a number that is used to express the order or level.
(example: I am the first child).
Cardinal number is the number used to calculate the number of digits.
(example: There are five sharpeners in the bag).
(2) Quantifier (few, many, several)
 Example :

- I have many people in the room.

- Either class wasn’t clean enough.
- Each student has to register their name to attend the class.

2. Determiners by Types and Function

a. Personal Determiner

Personal determiners are subjects that are placed in front of a noun to emphasize the
subject of the sentence itself. In this type of determiner, there is no need to use the
auxiliary verb after the first subject of the personal determiner.

Example :
- We women, will never be afraid.
The determiner is “We” for emphasis, and “women” is the noun.
- They are children, they know no fear.
The determiner is “they” for emphasis, and “children” is the noun.

b. Using Determiners Together

o We can combine the use of determiners in one sentence.

Example: - Some students like English many more people prefer art.
- There are ten fewer people in my place than yours.
o Use “of” among quantifying determiners and other types of determiners.
Example: - Some of children don’t like singing
- There were only the two of us in this class.
o Quantifying determiners “all” can be used with or without “of”.
Example:
- I spent all of my time visiting new place / I spent all my time visiting new
place.
- My mom cooks all of the vegetables / My mom cook all the vegetables.

2.1.5 Type of Determiners

1.Evelyn P.A & Robert M.V (2010/45-53) types of determiners :

• Articles {a,an, the}To give as information about noun and to indicate whether or not
the noun spesifik.

Example :

- I bought a red car

 - The read car was on sale
- There’s an unusual idea floating around

• Demonstratives {this,that,these}

Demostratives are words that point to something or someone and each of these can
occur directly before a noun.

Example :

- You can use this book

- Those speeches he gave were impressive
- They don’t speak that language
- Kirsten sold all these items

• Possesive

Possessive Are words to indicate ownership or belonging .possesive in sentence 1 is

called a possessive pronouns anda the possessive in sentence 2 is called a possessive
proper noun.possesive pronouns and possessive propers nouns can appear directly
before a noun.

Possesivepronouns {my,your,his,her,its,our,their}

Example :

- His face always shows what he’s thinking

- We like her mother
- Would you like to take a ride in your new car?

Possesive Proper nouns {girl’s,betty’s,budi’s,etc}

- Abraham lincoin’s life was interesting

- The public was eagerly awaiting congress’s new energy policy
- She suggested that it was all Martin’s fault

• Quantifiers {all,any,both,each,either, little,etc}

Theare word to indicate amount or quantity.

Example :

- All business need to have a budget

- Some people like eating eel
- She enjoyed few things as much as food

2. Sidney greembaum&gerald nelson (2002-107)

  definite article (the)
example :
- the book
- the pen
- the last week
 indefinite article (a or an)
- an apple
- a revolution
- a situation
 demonstratives (this, that, these, those)
- these pictures
- that song
- this book
 possessives (my, our, your, his, her, its, their)
- my book
- our lecturer
- your bag
 interrogatives (what, which, whose)
 relatives (which, whose, whatever, whichever)
 indefinites (some, any, no, enough, every, each, either, neither)
Then it can be concluded that the type of determiners are:
1. Article
The article is a word that provides information about a noun and to indicate whether or
not the noun is specific. The article is divided into two, namely:
 Definite article (the)
Example:
- The red car was on sale.
- The train appeared suddenly.
- The repairman did not finish his job.
 Indefinite article (a or an)
- He ate an apple.
- I have a magazine at home.
- I have a cat.
- He waited an hour.
2. Demonstratives
Demonstratives are words that point to something or someone. And demonstratives there
are (this, that, these, those).
Example:
- You can use this book.
 - She likes to listen to that song.
- I don’t like these pictures
- Those mistakes will catch up with Andrew one day
3. Possessive
Possessive are words to indicate ownership or belonging. Possessive is divided into 2
namely:
 Possessive noun (my, your, his, her, its, their, our)
Example:
- I sold my car.
- We liked her mother.
- His face always shows what he’s thinking.
 Possessive proper nouns
Example:
- Betty’s neighbor is an architect.
- It was Harry’s turn to say something.
- John always wanted to visit harvard’s campus.
4. Quantifiers or Indefinites
Quantifiers are word to indicate amount or quantity. Some commonly used quantifiers
(all, any, both, each, either, little, etc.)
Example:
- All business need to have a budget.
- Some people like eating eel.
- Enough money was raised to build a new wing on the hospital.
5. Interrogatives
Interrogatives some commonly used interrogatives (what, which, whose)
Example:
- Which one is your boyfriend?
- Whose book is this?
- What color do you like?
6. Relatives
Some of the commonly used relatives are (which, whose, what, whichever)
Example:
- What book to buy doesn’t matter.
- I don’t which book you bought.
- I don’t know whose book you have.
 CHAPTHER III

CLOSING

3.1 CONCLUSION
From the several opinions explained above, it can be concluded that determiners are a
word that is used before a noun, provides a lot of information about the noun and introduce
the noun or noun phrase. Determiners also two thing, namely :
a. to signal that a noun or noun phrase will follow,
b. then will provide information about the noun.
Determiners have two main functions :
1. Referring nouns
They make the reference of nouns more specific or general .
2. Quantifying nouns
Referring Determiners Referring means showing us who or what the noun is
pointing to or talking about .
But the overall conclusion is the determiner function as a sign to clarify the meaning of
noun.
Characteristics of determiners are:
1. Determiners are word that come before nouns,
2. Determiners are also used to provide information about nouns, to indicate possession,
3. Determiners are words that denote something or someone, and
4. When in the form quantifiers can act as precede a noun.
Determiners in English can be grouped in two ways, namely:
1) Determiners by Location or Position
Based on the location or position, there are three types of Determiners, namely: Pre-
determiner, Central Determiner and Post Determiner.
a) Pre-determiner
A pre-determiner is a type of determiner that is located at the beginning or front in the
order of determiners. This determiner generally states the proportion of a noun that
follows it. The formula of the pre-determiner:
(pre-determiner +/- other determiner + noun).
Types of Pre-determiners, include:
 Multipliers, that is multiplying the multiplier. Words used in multipliers like
twice, five/six times, double.
 Fraction, shows fractions. Fraction is used to describe a small or small part of the
whole. Words including fraction like; two-thirds, one-thirds, two-fifth.
 Intensifiers, serves as an amplifier / enhancer. The word intensifiers include rather,
quite, what and such.
  Distributives, the word to represent one of the total number of an object.
 Exclamative, which is a word used to exclaim or admire something andends with
an exclamation mark .
b) Central Determiner
The central determiner is a type of determiner that is in the middle between the
Predeterminer and the Post Determiner. In general, the formula is only:
(determiner + noun).
However, we can also adapt it to the context of each sentence. Typesof central
determiners, include:
(1) Article (a, an, the),
(2) Demonstrative (this, that, those, etc),
(3) Possessive (your, my, her, his, etc).

c) Post Determiner

A post determiner is a type of determiner that is located at the end of the determiner
sequence or it can be said to be located right before the noun it describes/determiner
that comes after the pre-determiner with/without the central determiner after it. The
general formula is also (determiner + noun). Types of the post determiner, include:

(1) Number (cardinal & ordinal)

Ordinal number is a number that is used to express the order or level.
(example: I am the first child).
Cardinal number is the number used to calculate the number of digits.
(example: There are five sharpeners in the bag).
(2) Quantifier (few, many, several)
2) Determiners by Types and Function
a. Personal Determiner
Personal determiners are subjects that are placed in front of a noun to emphasize the
subject of the sentence itself.
b. Using Determiners Together
o We can combine the use of determiners in one sentence.
o Use “of” among quantifying determiners and other types of determiners.
o Quantifying determiners “all” can be used with or without “of”.
Type of determiners are:
a) Article
The article is a word that provides information about a noun and to indicate whether or
not the noun is specific. The article is divided into two, namely:
 Definite article (the)
 Indefinite article (a or an)
b) Demonstratives
Demonstratives are words that point to something or someone. And demonstratives there
are (this, that, these, those).
c) Possessive
Possessive are words to indicate ownership or belonging. Possessive is divided into 2
namely:
 Possessive noun (my, your, his, her, its, their, our)
 Possessive proper nouns (girl’s, betty’s, etc.)
d) Quantifiers or Indefinites
Quantifiers are word to indicate amount or quantity. Some commonly used quantifiers
(all, any, both, each, either, little, etc.)
e) Interrogatives
Interrogatives some commonly used interrogatives (what, which, whose)
f) Relatives
Some of the commonly used relatives are (which, whose, what, whichever)