PRESENTATION

ON
AGGREGATE AND CONCRETE
PRODUCTION
• Kanhu Charan Nayak (1654006) • Shantanu Kumar Behera (1654012)

M Tech, Construction Engineering and Management

School of Civil Engineering, KIIT UNIVERSITY
 Classification of Construction Equipment: -
• Earth-Moving Equipment

• Hauling Equipment

• Hoisting Equipment

• Conveying Equipment

• AGGREGATE AND CONCRETE PRODUCTION EQUIPMENT

• Pile-Driving Equipment

• Tunnelling and Rock Drilling Equipment

• Pumping and Dewatering Equipment

AGGREGATE

PRODUCTION

EQUIPMENT
Aggregate Production Equipment: -

• DRILLING

• BLASTING TAKES PLACE

AT
• LOADING
QUARRIES OR PITS
• TRANSPORTING

• CRUSHING
TAKES PLACE
• SCREENING
AT
• HANDLING STONE CRUSHING PLANT
 DRILLING

This is a method of drilling holes into the mines followed by series of blasting so that the big
blocks of stones can be obtained and further gradation takes place.

Quality holes can make a big difference both from a technical and economical point of view.

• Quality holes are drilled:

- In the correct position

- At the right angle

- To required depth
 Equipment used: -
• Rotary Blast Hole Drills –

• Rotary Blast Hole Drills offer an maximum bit load range of over 160,000
lbs., enabling them to handle any kind of terrain for hard or soft rock
drilling jobs.

• We can provide a hole diameter as small as six inches or as large as 16

inches.
R OTA RY D RI L L S
MD 6240 MD 6290 MD 6540 MD 6640
Rotary Rotary Blast Rotary Blast Rotary
Drill Hole Drill Hole Drill Drill
Bit Load 24,000 Kg 23,737 Kg 54,000 Kg 64,000 Kg
Hole 152-244 244-406
152-244 mm 229-381 mm
Diameter mm mm
800 HP at 540 HP at 1205 HP at
Engine 600 HP
2100 rpm 2100 rpm 1800 rpm
• Track Drills –

• Track drill options include machines that can produce a hole diameter of up to six inches and
a maximum hole depth of over 100 feet.

TRACK DRILLS

MD 5150C Track Drill MD 5075C Track

Drill
Hole Up to 152 mm Up to 114.3 mm
Diameter (6 in) (4.5 in)
Hole Depth 31m 31.2m
(102.5 ft.) (102.5 ft.)
Air 15.1 m3/min 9.9 m3/min
Compressor
• Surface Top Hammer Drill Rigs–

•  These are able to provide unbeatable penetration rates with low operation costs.

• Surface top hammer drill rigs are renowned for their exceptional reliability even in
the toughest conditions. Between their excellent fuel economy and low operating
costs, these diesel-powered, self-propelled drill rigs are designed

Model Hole range Rock drill On-board Engine Weight

(mm) compressor (KW) (Kg)
Pantera 102-152 HL1560T, 33kW 14m³/min, 287 23 000
DP1500i up to 10 bar
Pantera 89-140 HL1060T, 25kW 11m³/min, 224 22 900
DP1100i
up to 10 bar

Ranger DX800 76-127 HL820T, 19.5kW 8.1m³/min, 168 15 200

up to 10 bar

Tiger DG800 64-127 HL810T, 21kW 9.6 m³/min, 179 14 700

up to 10 bar
3.5 m³/min,
Dino DC400Ri 51-76 RD414, 14kW 105 10 000
up to 8 bar
• Surface Down-The-Hole (DTH) drill rigs–

•  Equipped with powerful down-the-hole hammers, these rigs are designed for high-capacity
rock drilling in quarries, opencast mines and construction projects.

• DTH rigs are completely self-contained with on-board compressors, efficient dust suppression
and a comfortable cab with ergonomic controls and excellent visibility.

Model Hole range DTH Compressor Engine Weight

(mm) hammer (KW) (Kg)

24 m³/min,
Leopard 90-165 4", 5" at 24 bar 328 23 000
DI550 and 6" (on-board)

Puma 3", 4" 24.21 m³/min,

89-152 at 25 bar 43 7 300
DH350 and 5" (external)
• Dimensional Stone Drill Rigs–

• Equipment for the dimensional stone industry includes compact rig assemblies for attachment
to carriers such as hydraulic excavators, as well as self-propelled, diesel-powered drill rigs that
are completely self-contained.

• They will match the requirements of dimensional stone quarrying by producing excellent block
quality and as well as the dimensions you set them to.
Model Hole range Rock drill On-board Engine Weight
(mm) compressor (kW) (Kg)
Ranger 45 - 89 HL510, 6.2 m³/min 168 15 400
DQ500 15.5kW up to 10 bar

Drill steel Control

Model (mm) Rock drill system Chain feed Weight kg

Trimmer 4xHEX1, 4xTA341E, 4xCF

DQ440ZR H19/H22 5.5kW radio remote 100x24 4 000

Trimmer H19/H22 4xHEX1 4xTA341E, 4xCF

radio remote 4 000
DQ440R 5.5kW 100x24

Trimmer 2xHEX1 2xTA341E, 2xCF

DQ240R H19/H22 5.5kW radio remote 100x24 2 400
 BLASTING

Blasting is the controlled use of explosives in excavating rocks, and only economical way
of excavating long tunnels through hard rock, where digging is not possible.

Equipment used: -

• Explosives (Dynamite)

• Powered Drills.
 LOADING & HAULING

Virtually any loading-related task in a quarry is made much easier with a loading machine
and is transported to required location by hauling equipment.

It’s an ideal piece of equipment for moving gravel, rock, sand, dirt and other debris from
one location to another

Equipment used: -

• Hydraulic Mining Shovels

• Wheel Loaders

• Excavators

• Off-Highway Trucks
 Hydraulic Mining Shovels
• Powerful digging machines.

• Features a high bucket fill capacity for producing larger loads.

• Faster cycle times.

• Designed to provide superior digging forces while withstanding the rigors of any digging environment
encountered.
 HYDRAULIC MINING SHOVELS
6020B 6015B 6015/6015 FS 6018/6018 FS 6030/6030 FS 6040/6040 FS
HYDRAULIC HYDRAULIC HYDRAULIC HYDRAULIC HYDRAULIC HYDRAULIC
SHOVEL SHOVEL SHOVEL SHOVEL SHOVEL SHOVEL

Cat C18 –
ENGINE 778 KW 606 kW 522 kW (700 HP); 858 kW 1140 kW 1516 kW
OUTPUT 1043 HP (813 HP) Cummins QSK19 – (1,150 HP) (1,530 HP) (2,032 HP)
477 kW (640 HP)

Face Shovel Face Shovel Face Shovel

STANDARD Backhoe Backhoe (heaped 2:1) – (heaped 2:1) – (heaped 2:1) –
(heaped 1:1) (heaped 1:1) 8.1 Std. rock backhoe 10.0 m3 (13.1 yd3); 16.5 m3 (21.6 yd3) 22 m3 (28.8 yd3)
BUCKET (SAE 1:1) –
12.0 m3 m3 6 m3 (7.8 yd3) Backhoe Backhoe Backhoe
CAPACITY (15.7 yd3) (10.6 yd3) (heaped 1:1) – (heaped 1:1) – (heaped 1:1)
10.0 m3 (13.1 yd3) 17.0 m3 (22.2 yd3) 22 m3 (28.8 yd3)

Face Shovel – Face Shovel – Face Shovel –

Backhoe – 183 tonnes 294 tonnes 405 tonnes (446
OPERATING 230 tonnes 140 tonnes (154 - (202 tons); (324 tons); tons);
tons)
WEIGHT (254 tons) Backhoe - 186 Backhoe - 296 Backhoe - 407
tonnes (205 tons) tonnes (326 tons) tonnes (449 tons)

Indicator light Turbocharged and Standard Track

ADVANTAGES for hydraulic - after cooled Pads - 3.9 ft.
tank full
• Wheel loaders–

• Medium and large wheel loaders are sturdy front-loading machines that combine reliability,
versatility, fuel efficiency and operator comfort

• Helps to load more materials in less time and at a much lower cost.
 LARGE WHEELER LOADER

986H 988K 988K 990K 990K

986H BLOCK
WHEEL WHEEL BLOCK WHEEL BLOCK 994H WHEEL LOADER
LOADER HANDLER LOADER HANDLER LOADER HANDLER

ENGINE
409.0 HP 541.0 HP 699.0 HP 1463.0 HP
OUTPUT

OPERATING 43.72 Ton 48.43 Ton 51.06 Ton 61.51 Ton 80.98 Ton 92.85 Ton 195.43 Ton
WEIGHT

7.4 – 14.9 m3 8.6 – 9.2 m3

BUCKET 5-10.3 m3 4.7 – 13 m3 (9.7–19.5 (11.2 – 12.0 14 – 36 m3
CAPACITY (6.5 – 13.5 yd3) (6.2 – 17 yd3)
yd3) yd3)
• Excavators–

• Excavators are heavy construction equipment consisting of a boom, dipper (or stick), bucket and cab on

a rotating platform known as the "house".

• These dramatically reduce the time it takes to scoop materials from beneath the ground and to transfer
that material to trucks for hauling.

• They’re also best handling heavy-duty lifting and loading jobs.

 EXCAVATORS

986H 988K 988K 990K 990K

986H BLOCK
WHEEL WHEEL BLOCK WHEEL BLOCK 994H WHEEL LOADER
LOADER HANDLER LOADER HANDLER LOADER HANDLER

ENGINE
409.0 HP 541.0 HP 699.0 HP 1463.0 HP
OUTPUT

OPERATING 43.72 Ton 48.43 Ton 51.06 Ton 61.51 Ton 80.98 Ton 92.85 Ton 195.43 Ton
WEIGHT

7.4 – 14.9 m3 8.6 – 9.2 m3

BUCKET 5-10.3 m3 4.7 – 13 m3 (9.7–19.5 (11.2 – 12.0 14 – 36 m3
CAPACITY (6.5 – 13.5 yd3) (6.2 – 17 yd3)
yd3) yd3)
• Off-Highway Trucks: 
• A truck of such size, weight, or dimensions that it cannot be used on public highways.
• Loaders helps loading aggregate materials into off-highway trucks ensures they will get to where
they need to go with speed and efficiency.
• Off-highway trucks are available in numerous payload capacities to meet your specific loading
requirements.
 DIMENSIONS
A. Overall Length 32.5 ft. in 9920 mm
B. Overall Width 9.4 ft. in 2877 mm
C. Overall Height 11.3 ft. in 3440 mm
D. Wheelbase 15.3 ft. in 4669 mm
E. Ground Clearance 1.6 ft. in 495 mm
F. Dump Height 21.3 ft. in 6500 mm
G. Dump Ground Clearance 1.8 ft in 555 mm
 OFF HIGHWAY TRUCKS

770 G 772 775G 777E

Off- Highway Off- Highway Off- Highway Off-Highway
Truck Truck Truck Truck

Nominal
Payload 42.6 Tons 51.0 Tons 70.5 Tons 108 Tons

Top Speed - 45.7 mph 49.5 mph 41.6 mph 40.9 mph
Loaded (73.5 kmph) (79.65 kmph) (66.9 kmph) (65.8 kmph)
 CRUSHING & SCREENING
Crushers

• A crusher is a machine designed to reduce large rocks into smaller rocks, gravel, or rock dust by

mechanical means so that the crushed materials can bond more strongly.

• Crusher may be used to reduce the size, or change the form, of waste material so they can more easily
disposed of or recycled, or to reduced the size of a solid mix of raw material .

STATIONARY CRUSHING MACHINES

• Cone Crusher

• Jaw Crusher

• Impact Crusher
• Cone Crusher: 
• Designated in size either by the gape and mantle diameter.
• It is mainly used for crushing a variety of mid-hard & above mid-hard ores & rocks.
• It has advantage of reliable construction, high productivity, easy adjustment, & lower
operational cost.
• The vertical spindle is free to rotate around its own axis.
• Applied material for crushing: 
• Marble,
• Talcum,
• Dolomite,
• Fluorite,
• Coal,
• Gypsum.
Four types of Cone Crushers :
I. COMPOUND CONE CRUSHER :
• It can crush material of over medium hardness.
• It mainly used in mining, chemical industry, road & bridge construction etc.
II. SYMONS CONE CRUSHER :
• It can crush material of above medium hardness.
• It is widely used in metallurgy, hydropower, transportation, chemical industries etc.
III. SINGLE CYLINDER HYDRAULIC CONE CRUSHER :
• It mainly composed of main frame, transmission device, eccentric shaft, bowl-shaped bearing,
crushing cone, mantle, bowl liner etc.
IV. MULTI CYLINDER HYDRAULIC CONE CRUSHER :
• It mainly consist of main frame, eccentric shaft, crushing cone, mantle, bowl liner, dust ring,
hydraulic control system etc.
INDIAN MANUFACTURER

• Build Mate Projects Pvt. Ltd, Hyderabad.

• Mewar Hitech Engineering Ltd, Udaipur.

• Star Trace Private Limited, Chennai.

INTERNATIONAL MANUFACTURER

• HXJQ, China

• Zenith, China

• Terex, America

• Sandvik, Sweden
• Jaw Crusher: 
• Primary crushers in a mine or ore processing plant. 
• A jaw crusher reduces large size rocks or ore by placing the rock into compression.
• Movable jaw exerts force on the rock.  
• The rock remains in the jaws until it is small enough to pass through the gap at the
bottom of the jaws.
• Applied material for crushing: 
• Limestone
• Fly Ash
• Coal Powder
• Slag
• Clay.
INDIAN MANUFACTURER

• Build Mate Projects Pvt. Ltd, Hyderabad.

• Mewar Hitech Engineering Ltd, Udaipur.

• Star Trace Private Limited, Chennai.

INTERNATIONAL MANUFACTURER

• HXJQ, China

• Zenith, China

• Terex, America

• Sandvik, Sweden
• Impact Crusher: 
• Impact force is used to crush material
• Material will be crushed by the impact plate and
rebound to the blow bar again after being crushed. 
• The space between rotor and impact curtain can be
adjusted in order to changing the crushing degree
• Applied material for crushing: 
• Limestone,
• Granite,
• Coal,
• Slag,
• Clay.
INDIAN MANUFACTURER

• Build Mate Projects Pvt. Ltd, Hyderabad.

• Mewar Hitech Engineering Ltd, Udaipur.

• Star Trace Private Limited, Chennai.

INTERNATIONAL MANUFACTURER

• HXJQ, China

• Zenith, China

• Terex, America

• Sandvik, Sweden
 MOBILE CRUSHING MACHINES

• Mobile Jaw Crusher

• Mobile Cone Crusher

• Mobile Jaw Crusher: 
• Portable mobile jaw crusher is developed according to novel series stone crushing equipment’s
design idea,
• The adaption of ship form structure lowers the chassis;
• Reduce the weight and volume of the plant;
• Makes it easy for turning and transportation;
• The fashionable design and standardized mass production fully meet customers' requirements
Features: -

• Hydraulic-drive feeding plate is convenient and reliable.

• Easy to control by equipping with high-tech LCD touch screen and PLC control system.

• Belt conveyors and Magnetic iron separator are easy to use.

Application: -

• Mobile jaw crusher specially adopts jaw crusher as the core minerals crushing equipment.

• Among all these mobile crusher plants, Mobile Jaw Crusher Plant is particularly suitable for hard
rock crushing, such as taconite, granite, dark rock, corundum, Silicon carbide and quartzite, etc.
• Mobile Cone Crusher:
• The Mobile Cone Crusher (plants) has excellent mobility, it can move to anywhere with the change of
raw material places or the construction places and start to work without building any foundation.
• Also it is easy to match with other equipment meeting the different product requirements of
different customers.
Features:-

• Equipped with efficient cone crusher, it has excellent crushing performance.

• Optimized crushing cavity can significantly increase crushing ratio and output.

• It features great production capacity, high reliability, easy maintenance, which greatly reduced the
production costs.

• Easy to adapt and flexible to collocate with other machine

Application:-

• Both in rock stone crushing and mineral ore crushing industry, mobile crusher is becoming more
and more popular.

• The mobile cone crusher will process concrete, kerbstone, marble, paving slabs, bricks, tiles,
blocks, stone, porcelain, flint, under any condition and meet the requirements from our
customers
• Vibrating Feeder:
• Used to transfer the large size materials and granular materials from Silo to receiving device uniformly,
periodically and continuously in the production flow and to feed materials into the crusher
continuously and uniformly also to screen the materials in the sandstone production line.
• It has the ability of adjusting the feeding quantity, and is widely applied in crushing line and screening
line in the following departments: mine, stone crushing plant, metallurgy, building material, chemical
industry, coal mine and so on.
• Good in control performance, no phenomenon of material impacting
Stable vibration and reliable work
• Low noise, low power consumption
• Easy to adjust
• Long service life
SCREENING

5 x 12 Deck Screen

• It is our most popular Screen.  It has a large open throat feed hopper with an extremely
controllable drive system. 

• It can be a grizzly machine, grizzly hopper (straight wall) or a flared rear hopper that opens
where the feed hydraulically rises to work position.
5 x 12 Deck Track Screen

The 5 x 12 track Screen has all the working features of the wheeled Screen with the added benefit of
being mobile. Move freely around the job site screening products at the material source.

6 x 16 Deck Screen

It is one of our most popular Screen-Its.  It has a large open throat feed hopper with an extremely
controllable drive system.  It can be a grizzly machine, grizzly hopper (straight wall) or a flared rear
hopper that opens where the feed hydraulically rises to work position.

6 x 16 Track Screen

The 6 x 16 track Screen-It has all the working features of the wheeled Screen-It with the added
benefit of on-sight mobility. Move freely around the job sight, screening products at the material
source.
DMC Pulse Bag Dust Collector

• A small standalone bag filter, designed by absorbing advantages of similar products at home and abroad.

• The filter uses advanced on-line pulse-injection technology, cleaning the dust completely with low
running resistance and the high quality accessories can ensure the efficiency of dust elimination.

• Full automatic control, high efficiency operation and easy to maintain.

• The dust filter has features of high cleaning efficiency, long life, easy maintenance and reliable operation.
Sequential Aggregate Production
CONCRETE

PRODUCTION

EQUIPMENT
VARIOUS STAGES OF MANUFACTURING OF CONCRETE

• BATCHING

• MIXING

• TRANSPORTING

• PLACING

• COMPACTING
BATCHING OF CONCRETE

• Batching is the process of measuring concrete mix ingredients by either mass or volume and
introducing them into the mixer .
To produce concrete of uniform quality, the ingredients must be measured accurately for each batch.
A concrete plant, also known as a BATCH PLANT OR BATCHING PLANT, is a device that combines
various ingredients to form concrete.
• Some of these inputs include 
• Sand
• Water
• Aggregate (rocks, gravel, etc.), 
• Fly ash
• Admixtures (sica , etc.)
• Cement
• It’s easy to disassemble, transport and assemble again.
• In 15 – 20 days we assemble your plant in a new site producing concrete, saving you time and money.
A. Aggregate delivery
B. Aggregate receiving hopper
C. Aggregate storage
D. Conveyor belt
E. Cement silos
F. Weigh hopper
G. Cement delivery
H. Mixer
I. Admixtures
J. Ready mix truck with returned concrete
K. Water / Recycled water
L. Reclaimed Aggregates
M. Pump
N. Water storage
O. Concrete loaded in ready mix truck
P. Control room
 • Volume batching • Weight Batching

• This method is generally adopted for • This method is most preferred.

small jobs. • This is more accurate and leads to more uniform
• Gauge boxes are used for measuring the proportioning.
fine and coarse aggregates. • It doesn’t have any uncertainties associated with
• The volume of gauge box is equal to the bulking.
volume of one bag of cement. • Three types of Equipment
• Manual
• Semi Automatic
• Fully Automatic
• MANUAL
• In case of manual batching all weighing and batching of concrete are done manually.

• It is used for small jobs.

• SEMI AUTOMATIC
• In case of semi automatic batching the aggregate bin gates are opened by manually operated switches
. And gates are closed automatically when the material has been delivered.

• This system also contains interlock which prevents charging and discharging.

• FULLY AUTOMATIC
• In case of automatic batching the material are electrically activates by a single switch and complete
autographic record are made of the weight of each material.

• The batching plant comprises 2,3,4 or 6 compartment bins of several capacities. Over the conveyer
belt the weigh batchers discharging are provided below the bins.
Mixing of Concrete: -

The mixing should be ensure that the mass becomes Homogeneous , uniform in color and consistency .

Methods of Mixing :

1.Hands(using hand shovels)

2.Stationary Mixers

3.Ready mix concrete

Hand Mixing

• Mixing ingredients of concrete by hands using ordinary tools like, hand shovels etc.

• This type of mixing is done for Less output of concrete.

Stationary Mixers

Concrete is sometime mixed at jobsite in a stationary mixer having a size of 9 cubic meter .

These mixers may be of :

1. Tilting type.

2. Non-Tilting type.
Tilting Type Mixer

• It consist a conical drum which rotates on an inclinable axis.

• It has only one opening.

• The drum charged directly and discharged by tilting and

reversing the drum.
Non Tilting Type Mixer

• The mixing drum is cylindrical in shape and revolves two

horizontal axis.

• It has opening on both sides.

• The ingredients are charged in from one opening.

• For discharging concrete chute is introducing to other

opening by operating a lever.

 There are TWO types of Batching Plants: 

• READY MIX PLANT (READY MIX CONCRETE / RMC)

• A ready mix plant combines all ingredients except for water at the concrete plant. This
mixture is then discharged into a ready mix truck (also known as a concrete transport
truck).
• Water is then added to the mix in the truck and mixed during transport to the job site.

It can be manufactured by any of the following methods:

• Central-mixed concrete
• Truck-mixed concrete
CENTRAL MIXED CONCRETE

Central mix plant combines all of the above ingredients + water at a central

location.

 The final product is then transported to the job site.

 It is mixed completely in a stationary mixer

And it is delivered in

• Agitator Trucks

• A Non-Agitating truck
AGITATOR TRUCKS

A vehicle carrying a drum or agitator body, in which freshly mixed

concrete can be conveyed from the point of mixing to that of placing, the
drum being rotated continuously to agitate the contents.

 Advantages: Operate usually from central mixing plants

 Watch for: Timing of deliveries should suit job organization.

Concrete crew and equipment must be ready onsite to handle

concrete.

n Used for: Transporting concrete for all uses. Haul distances must
allow discharge of concrete within 1½ hours.
NON-AGITATING TRUCKS

Used for: Transport concrete on short hauls (small



distance) over smooth roadways.

Advantages: Cost of non-agitating equipment is lower than



that of truck agitators or mixers.

Watch for: Slump should be limited. Possibility of



segregation. Height upon discharge is needed

TRUCK-MIXED CONCRETE

n Used for: Intermittent (periodic)

production of concrete at jobsite, or small
quantities.

n Advantages: Combined materials

transporter and batching and mixing system.
One-man operation.
TRANSPORTING

1) Mortar Pan: Concrete is carried in small quantities.

2) Wheelbarrows and Buggies: Short flat hauls on all types of onsite concrete construction

3) Belt Conveyors : Conveying concrete horizontally or higher/lower level.

4) Cranes and Buckets: Used for Work above ground level , Buckets use with Cranes, cableways,
and helicopters.
5) Pumps: Conveying concrete from central discharge point to formwork by Treamie Pipes,
chutes,.
6) Transit Mixer: It combines cement, aggregate such as sand or gravel, and water to
form concrete on site and transports the concrete over long distance particularly in RMC plant.

Usual batches are of 2-6 m3 at 12-14 rpm. 

Drum mixers (reversing drum mixer and tilting drum mixers), used where large volumes
(batch sizes of 3–9 m3) are being produced.

This type of mixer are widely used, as it is capable of high production speeds, ideal for slump
concrete, and where overall cost of production is important.

Drum mixers have the lowest maintenance and operating cost of the three styles of mixers
 PARTS OF TRANSIT MIXER

• DRUM AND BLADES

The mixing drum is made of high abrasion resistant steel and blades of high abrasion resistant
alloy steel to mix any type of ready mix concrete and to discharge it smoothly.

Features :-
 Detachable triangle blades for good mixing performance.
 Option of one or two holes in the drum for easy cleaning work.

• HOPPER

Wide mouth hopper specially designed to receive sticky ready mix

concrete in large quantities with ease.
• HOPPER STEPS AND HANDRAIL

Layout of hopper steps and handrails are made user friendly for standing at
ease for cleaning purpose ensuring better safety .Side steps made from rust
proof steel are attached as a standard equipment with stripes for anti slip and
fender for easy movement

• CHUTE
Easy to use chute made of high abrasion resistant steel is provided with two options
of detachable chute extents on for smooth flow of discharged concrete.
 TYPES OF MIXERS

• STANDARD TRANSIT MIXER

• It is a concrete delivery vehicle used for jobs where large pour volumes are required.
• Transit Mixer Trucks come in a variety of sizes, ranging from 2 m3 to 8 m3 wet
concrete output, making them the ideal choice for ready-mix concrete operations. 

 ROUGH TERRAIN TRANSIT MIXERS 

• They are 4x4 wheel drive self-loading cement mixers fitted with a front operators cab.
• They can climb, fully loaded with cement, over the most precarious terrains; they can load, mix, produce and
discharge over 100 cubic meter of cement per day.
• They have electronic weigh batching equipment, which ensures precise mixes of any grade of concrete and fitted

with the drum, allowing concrete to be discharged from every side of the vehicle at heights of over 2m.
ADVANTAGES OF MIXERS

• A transit mixer provides a fast and easy way to produce concrete mixtures thereby giving an easy
access for concrete mixture forming to the construction contractors when it is necessary.

• It fastens up the tasks of concrete production at sites and eliminates the problems of inefficiency in
mixing, material wastage, concrete production and delivery delays at the construction sites.

• The transit mixers can be transported all around a job site and therefore allow the easier, faster and
more convenient concrete production and placement at the site.
 DISADVANTAGES OF MIXERS

• Once the last of the concrete trickles out of the drum or dribbles out of the pump, the truck isn't empty.

• A small amount of concrete always remains inside the truck, especially in drum mixers.

• The drum mixer can be pressure washed or water can run through the drum while it rotates.

• Therefore it is usually carried out with the help of hammer & water. But some concrete is always left.

• And it dries and over time this becomes a problem, reducing the volume of the mixer and its capacity.

• The concrete will build to a point where the only viable alternative is mechanical removal.
7) Silos: Vertical Silos offered comes in diameter of 2800, 3200 and 3500 mm with shell
thickness of 5 mm, Premium Quality Plate Grade IS 2062-B.

Bottom Cone Section 6 mm Thick Premium Quality Plate Grade IS 2062-B.

• Provides bolted type and welded type storage silo in various capacities and
dimensions.

• Bolted cement silo with special design can minimize the transport cost.

• Nominal Capacity of Cement = 10 to 75 tons and are also available till 120 tons

• Nominal Capacity of Fly Ash = 40 to 60 tons

 HMI OPERATOR INTERFACE PANELS

The programmable controller can control the production process with high reliability and stability.
It can control the unloading ingredients, mixing and automatic control of the whole process of the
concrete.
COMPACTION OF CONCRETE

• Compaction is the process that expels entrapped air from freshly placed concrete and
packs the aggregate particles together so as to increase the density of the concrete.

• As in the process of mixing , transporting and placing of concrete air is likely to get
entrapped in the concrete .

 
 DIFFERENT METHODS OF CONCRETE COMPACTION

Hand Compaction Compaction by Vibration

Internal vibrator
Rodding

Formwork Vibrator
Ramming
Table Vibrator
Tamping
Platform vibrator

Surface vibrator .
 HAND COMPACTION

Hand compaction is used for ordinary and unimportant

structures. Workability should be decided in such a way that
the chances of honeycombing should be minimum.

The various methods of hand compaction are as given below:

• Rodding

It is a method of poking with 2m long, 16 mm dia. rod at sharp

corners and edges. The thickness of layers for rodding should
be 15 to 20 cm.
• Ramming

It is generally used for compaction on ground in

plain concrete.

It is not used either in RCC or on upper floors.

• Tamping

It is a method in which the top surface is beaten

by wooden cross beam of cross section 10 cm x
10 cm. both compaction and leveling are
achieved simultaneously.

It is mainly used for roof slabs and road

pavements.
COMPACTION BY VIBRATION

Vibration is imparted to the concrete by mechanical means.

It causes temporary liquefaction so that air bubbles come on to the top and expelled ultimately.

Mechanical vibration can be of various types as given under.

• Internal Vibration

It is most commonly used technique of concrete vibration. Vibration is achieved due to eccentric
weights attached to the shaft.

The needle diameter varies from 20 mm to 75 mm and its length varies from 25 cm to 90 cm. the
frequency range adopted is normally 3500 to 5000 rpm.
EXTERNAL VIBRATION

This is adopted where internal vibration can’t be used due to either thin sections or heavy
reinforcement. External vibration is less effective and it consumes more power as compared to
the internal vibration. The formwork also has to be made extra strong when external vibration
is used
Sequential Concrete Production
Thank You !!!