Prepared by

S.Anusooya
AP/ECE
 MODULE V
MULTIRATE DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING
 Interpolation and Decimation
 Decimation by an integer factor
 Interpolation by an integer factor
 Sampling rate conversion by a rational factor
 Time and frequency domain descriptions
 Quadrature Mirror Filter banks
 Sub-band Coding.
Time and frequency domain
descriptions

Decimation (or) Down Sampling

Time and frequency domain
descriptions
Spectrum of the down sampled signals:
Spectrum of the down sampled signals:
Spectrum of the down sampled
signals:
Spectrum of the down sampled
signals:
 Aliasing Effect
Aliasing occurs during downsampling a digital or
sampling an analog signal
The name Aliasing stems from the fact that several
different frequencies on the original signal are mapped to
the same sampled sequence, i.e. creating ambiguity in the
sampled signal.
Aliasing can be mitigated by application of a low-pass
filter before downsampling.
The low-pass filter removes all frequencies above half the
Nyquist-frequency and thus inhibits aliasing of high-
frequencies into the lower frequencies.
 Aliasing Effect
•The Spectrum obtained after downsampling will
overlap if the original spectrum is not band limited to
w=π /M.This overlap causes aliasing.(shown in below
fig)
•Therefore aliasing due to downsampling a signal by a
factor of M is absent if and if the signal x(n) is band
limited to ± π /M.
 Anti aliasing filter.
If the signal x(n) is not band limited to ± π /M , then
a low pass filter with cut off frequency π /M is used
prior to down sampling .
This filter is called Anti aliasing filter.
v(n)
x(n) h(n) M y(n)

The complete process that is filtering and then

downsampling is referred to as decimation.
 Aliasing Effect

Refer slide
no: -6

The secod term X(- ejw/2) is simply obtained by shifting the first term X( ejw/2) to
the right by an amount of 2π.
Problem.1:
1)The frequency response of an input sequence x(n) is
shown in below fig. If the input signal is passed
through a downsampler (M=2),find the frequency
response of the output.

Solution :
Formula:
Problem.1:
Problem.1:
Step 3:
Find Y(ejw )
 Problem .2:
2.The frequency response of an input sequence x(n) is shown
in below fig. If the input signal is passed through a
downsampler (M=3),find the frequency response of the
output.

Input

Solution:
 :
Problem.2 Step 1:

Step 1:
Find X( ejw/3)
Decimation
by factor 3

Step 2:
Right shifted to 2π
Find X(ej(w-2π)/3)
 Step 1

Problem .2:
Step 3:
Find X(ej(w-4π)/3)

Right shifted to 4π

Step 4:
Find Y(ejw )
 Step 1

Add all these three steps

to get output
3
Exercise Problem:
1)The frequency response of an input sequence x(n) is
shown in below fig. If the input signal is passed
through a downsampler (M=2),find the frequency
response of the output.
X(ejw )

-3π -2π π 0 π/2 2π

Next Session on

Interpolation or Up Sampling………