TRANQUILIZERS

IN
WILD
ANIMALS
 Tranquilisation : it is a state of
calmness and quite but patient is relaxed and
indifferent to surroundings .
 Sedation; mild degree of cns depression
patient is awake but unaware of
surroundings.
 Also called neuroleptics ataractics
,psychotrophic drugs .
uses

 To relieve anxiety
 To make patient quite for physical examination
and transport.
 To avoid post-operative complication
 Anti emetic effect,
 Smooth induction of anaesthesia and recovery.
 Reduce dose of general anaesthetics.
 Clinical examination of ferrocious wild animals.
 To relieve the stress of motion sickness.
 Classificaton;
 1,phenothiazine.
 2butyrophenone.
 3benzodiazepine.
 4thioxanthine.
phenothiazines
 Acepromazine.
 Chlorpromazine.
 Promazine.
 Triflupromazine.
 Propriopromazine.
 Piperacetamine.
 Ethylisobutrazine.
butyrophenone

 Droperidol.
 Haloperidol.
 Azaperine.
benzodizepine
 diazepine
 midazolam
 zolazetam
 cloropromazine
 Moa; blackage of alpha adrenoreceptor
 antimetic effect;inihibition of dopamine
receptorin CTZ.
 Anti emetic .
 Central depressant.
 Vagolytic properties.
 Enhances activity of analgesics,anaesthitics and
sedadatives.
 Dose; 0.05-o.5mg/kg bwt i/v tid
Triflupromazine
 Anti emitic effect 10 times that of cp.
 Tranquilizing effect 3-5 times that of cp.
 Pre-anesthetic dose of barbiturates is decreased
½-2/3 of actual dose.
 Trade name: sequil,sicvel.
 Dose : turtiles – 0.2-0.3mg/kg bd wt i/m.
 ferrets – 2-4mg/kg bd wt i/m.
 carnivores- 2-4 mg/kg bd wt i/m.
 lagomorphs—1-2 mg/kg bd wt /m.
 hedgehog – 1mg/kg bd wt i/m.
 Precautions :
 Potentitates the effect of cns depressants not
given with epinephrine.
Acepromazine
 Potent neuroleptic drug with relatively low
toxicity.
 It produces tranquilization
 musle relaxation and decreases
spotaneous activity.
 At greater doses produces sedation.
 Antiemitic
 Anticonvulsant
 Antispsmodic
 Hypotensive
 Hypothermic propertives.
Doses

 Lagomorphs : 1mg/kg bd wt i/m.

0.1-1mg bd wt s/c. action with
in ten mins.
 Ferrets : 0.1-0.5 mg/kg bd wt s/c. or i/m.
 Apes : 0.5-1mg /kg bd wt i/m.
 For sedation 10-30 mg /kg bd wt i/m.
Butyrophenones
 Mechanism of action: similar inhibitory
action of GABA
 Prevents the effect of glutamates.
 Blockage of water activity.
 Droperidol :
 20 times more potent than haloperdol
 1000 times potent than chloropromazine
 Duration of action is longer
 More potent known anti emitic.
 At high doses induces tremors, muscle
spasms, hyper irritability
 Potentiates the action of barbiturates
decreases anesthetic dose.
Doses
 Apes : 0.05-0.15 mg /kg bd wt i/m or i/v .
 Deer 1mg/kg bd wt i/m.
 Chimpanze 1.2-1.5 mg /kg bd wt i/m.
 Ferrets : 0.3-1 mg /kg bd wt s/c. i/m
 Bears : 0.05-0.09 mg/kg bd wt i/m.
 Innovarvet : troperidol & fentanyl.
 Azaperone : it normal doses insufficient
tranquilization.
 At higher doses- salivation
 irritability
 hyperasthesia
 twitching
 Causes transitory excitement
 Should not give i/v.
 Trade names : stressnil,
 dose – 2.2. mg /kg bd wt i/m
action with in 1 hr.
Benzodiazepines
 Mechanism of action : tanqulizing effect
through the inhibition of all poly synaptic
reflexes.
 Sedative effect : depression of limbic system
 Used in combonation with opiods to produce
anesthesia.
 Anticonvulsants
 Apettite stimulants
Diazepam
 Route of administration : oral, i/m, i/v.
 Water insoluble
 Should not be diluted with water and mixed
with other drugs.
 Solution contains propylene glycol, ethanol
and sodium benzoate.
 Rapid i/v injection causes thrombo phlebitis.
 It used as a pre-anesthetic for ketamine to
prevent the seizures.
 At clinical doses minimum cardiopulmonary
depression and bradycardia
 Rapid causes cardiac arrest.
 Trade name: calmpose
Doses

 Deer : orally 5mg/ kg bd wt .

 Hedgehog : 1 mg /kg bd wt i/m.
 Elephants : 400-800 mg /kg bd wt.
 Bears : 10-20 mg /kg bd wt. i/m
 Lagomorphs : 1-2 mg /kg bd wt i/m.
 Ferrets : 1-2 mg /kg bd wt i/m.
Midazolam
 Less irritant than diazepam.
 Causes tissue damage if extra vasation occurs
during administration.
 Shorter action than diazepam.
 Midazolam with acepromazine or ketamine
produces deerper sedation.
 Trade names : FULSED,MIDAZ.
 Precautions :
 Over doses produces respiratory depression.
 Doses :
 bears : 0.05-0.09 mg /kg bd wt i/m.
 rabbits : 1mg /kg bd wt i/m
 ferrets : 0.3-1 mg /kg bd wt. i/m
 Deer : 1mg /kg bd wt i/m.
 Chimpanze : 1-2.5 mg / kg bd wt i/m.
Zolazepam
 More potent than daizepam.
 Used in combination with tilatamine to
produce anesthesia.
 Doses : snakes : 15-30 mg /kg bd wt i/m.
 ferrets : 12-20 mg /kg bd wt i/m.
 felines : 1-6 mg /kg bd wt. i/m.
 camels : 5-10 mg /kg bd wt i/m.