CAD/CAM/CAE Systems

GE393
Computer Aided Design, Analysis &
Prototyping
Product Development

To compete, new products must

continuously:
 Improve quality
 Reduce cost
 Shorten lead time
Product Modeling
 Design model
 Actual design geometry
 Analysis model
 Abstraction of the geometric model
 Eliminate details
 Dimensional reduction (3D 2D, 1D)
 Employ symmetry
CAD, CAE, and CAM
 Computer-aided design (CAD)
 Define design geometry
 Computer-aided engineering (CAE)
 Analyze CAD geometry
 Computer-aided manufacture (CAM)
 Plan, manage, control manufacturing
operations
Graphics Device Hardware

 Display processing unit

 Display device (monitor)
 Input devices (mouse,
keyboard, etc)
 Kinds of Graphics Devices

 Vector-refresh
 Line drawing device
 High resolution, straight lines
 Random refresh
 Raster-refresh
 Point plotting device
 Aliasing problems
 Regular, repetitive refresh
 High performance to cost ratio
 Vector-Refresh

 3 Components
 Display processing unit
 Display buffer
 CRT
 Display buffer
 Hardware (memory)
 Display list
 Software (commands)
 Refresh (redrawing) time
 Image repeatedly drawn
 < 30 Hz, flicker
 Raster Graphics

 Screen image
represented by an array
of dots (pixels)
 Raster image stored in
frame buffer – a portion
of memory
 Dot size determines
resolution
 Refresh required
Raster Graphics Display Processor
 Generates and stores raster image in frame
buffer
 Reads frame buffer contents and casts
electron beams onto display device
 Raster Scanning

 Scan lines
 Refresh time
 constant
 30 Hz (TV)
 60 Hz (high end)
Frame Buffer Bit Planes (Color)

 1-bit plane (bitmap – 1 bit per pixel)

 Black and white
 3-bit planes
 8 (23) colors
 8-bit planes
 256 (28) colors
 24-bit planes
 16,777,216 ((28)3 or 224) colors
3-Bit Plane Color
3-Bit Plane Color Table

Red Green Blue

Black 0 0 0
Red 1 0 0
Green 0 1 0
Blue 0 0 1
Yellow 1 1 0
Cyan 0 1 1
Magenta 1 0 1
White 1 1 1
24-Bit Plane Color
CAD/CAM/CAE Systems

Computer Aided Design, Analysis &

Prototyping