Plasma membrane

• The outer most membrane of

animal cell
• Composed of proteins and lipids
• Separates the interior of the cell
from the environment
• Protects the cell from its surrounding
• Are selectively permeable
Animal cell
Plant cell
• Solute : Solids that get dissolved in liquid.
ex. Sugar, salt
• Solvent : Liquid that dissolves a solute
ex. water
• Solution : solute + solvent =solution
sugar + water = sugar solution
• Permeable membrane: Allows the liquid and
gases to pass through them
• Impermeable : Does not allow substances to
pass through them
• Semi permeable : Allows only certain
substances to pass through them (solvent can
but solute cannot)
• Selectively permeable : Allows only selected
materials to enter and exit (solvent can but
only selected solute)
 Modes of transport
• Diffusion : Random movement of substances
from the region of higher concentration to the
region of lower concentration.
 Significance of diffusion

 In exchange of gases.
 Spreading of aroma of flower.
 Movement of useful substances and waste
materials.
 In transpiration.
Osmosis : The gradual movement of liquid
through semi permeable membrane from the
region of lower concentration of solute to the
region of higher concentration of solute.
 Significance of osmosis

 Absorption of water by roots

 Unicellular organisms and most plant cell
tend to gain water
 Opening and closing of the stomata
Hypotonic solution
 Concentration of solute is less.
 Concentration of solvent is more.
Hypertonic solution
 Concentration of solute is more.
 Concentration of solvent is less.
Isotonic Solution
Concentration of water is the same outside and
inside the cell.
Endosmosis
The movement of the water is from the
medium into the cell. The cell bulges.
Exosmosis
The movement of the water is from the
cell to outside,the cell shrinks.