NATIONAL ECONOMY:

RESULTS AND ITS

MEASURINGS.
1.National economy and its aims.
2. Basic indexes of macroeconomics.
3. Methods of count of GNP and GDP
 Aims of national economy:

1. strong economic growth;

2. full employment;
3. stable prices;
4. the self-supporting state budget;
5. equilibrium of balance of payments.
 Basic indexes of
macroeconomics
 A gross domestic product (GDP) includes the market value
of commodities
 and services, produced up country by not only domestic
enterprises but also firms, belongings to the foreign capital.
 A gross national product (VNP) is a cost of commodities and
services, produced by domestic enterprises up country and
their foreign branches.
 The index of GDP is used in most countries ( including
Russia ).
 The USA, Japan is a basic index of VNP.
 Economists spare large attention to methodology of
measurings of shadow economy.(understate official
estimations).
 Methods of count of GNP and
GDP
 Income - profit of corporations, which after payment of
taxes and payment of дивидентов goes to the increase
of investments, including expansion of own production.
 Percent - yield on a money capital which appears
because of
 payment of cost of commodity – capital (money loan)
by potential investors.
 And, finally, rent. It is a profit, which is got by the
proprietors of propert, givings it in a lease to other
persons. For example, plots of land in an agricultural
turn, for building of habitation, production and other
buildings.
 Facilities, unconnected with payment of profits
(such to GNP on profits):
 depreciation And;
 indirect taxes (tax on property)
 method of valueadded.
 For the correct calculation of VNP it is
necessary to take into account all products and
services,
 produced in this year, but without the
repeated, or double account.
 Nominal and real GNP
 Nominal GDP- it is GDP, calculated in
current prices.
 Real GDP- it is an actual volume of output of
products, expected in the costs of base year.
 System of national
accounts
 A SNA links together major macroeconomic dates-
volume of output of commodities and services, gross
incomes and combined charges of society. SNS is the
modern system of collection and treatment of information
and used practically in entire countries for the
macroeconomic analysis of market economy. It allows in
an evident form to present GDP (VNP) at all stages of his
motion, I.e. production, distributing, redistribution, and
eventual use. Its indexes reflect the structure of market
economy, institutes and mechanisms of functioning.
 We will consider major indexes snas, characterizing
motion GDP on his different stages.
 National income (ND). For determination of index
of general volume of salary, percent, arrived rent,
I.e. payments, got at the production of GDP in this
year, it is necessary to subtract from CHVP indirect
taxes on businessmen. Sense of this count is in that
the state, raising indirect taxes from enterprises,
inlays nothing in a production and he can not be
examined as a supplier of economic resources. Thus,
we get the index of national income (ND). From point
of owners of resources, a national income is the
measuring device of their profits from participating in
a production for current period.
 Disposed profit (RD), or the personal disposed income is got
housekeepings profit, different from ND, which is the begun to
work profit. Here it should be noted that part begun to work
дохода- payments on social security, income taxes firm’s- does
not enter order of population. At the same time transfer
payments, carried out by the state, are not the result of economic
activity of worker, but present part of their profit. Thus, disposed
profit as the actually got profit can be calculated by deduction
from the national income of payments on social
 insurance, income taxes enterprises, retained earnings, individual
taxes (taxes on private property, on an inheritance ) and addition
of sum of all transfer payments. The disposed profit is in the
personal order of members of society and used on a
consumption and economies of housekeepings.