21ST CENTURY LITERATURE FROM THE

PHILIPPINES AND THE WORLD

21ST CENTURY LITERATURE
 begins properly in 2001
 spans an extended viewpoint of 100
years
 focuses on imaginative writing
 traces the artistic representation of
shared and familiar experiences
 still developing
21ST CENTURY AUTHORS:
 born in the previous century
 should have made it to 2001
 a majority should still be publishing
works
 reflect-time bound changes in
sensibility and learnings
21ST CENTURY ISSUES:
 DIVERSITY - many and different things;
recognition and acceptance of
otherness; tracing the politics of
cultural identity
 COLONIAL EXPERIENCE AND POST
COLONIAL RESPONSE- active, principled
contention with the lingering
experience of power deprivation and
cultural oppression
21ST CENTURY ISSUES:
 GLOBALIZATION- opening of established
borders; reduction of distinct territories into a
global village
 TECHNOLOGY- remarkble achievements in
material realities dramatically changing
global habits and way of life
 INTERDISCIPLINARY- perceiving relations and
connections among various intellectual
system
21ST CENTURY ISSUES:
 GOVERNANCE - people’s assetion to take
part in decision making
 TERRORISM- historical retaliation
 ECOLOGICAL CRISIS- unfolding threats to
nature
 GLOBAL EPIDEMICS- spread of deadly
diseases that threats the human
population
4 INITIAL CONCERNS IN STUDYING LITERATURE:

 TEXT – form, substance

 AUTHOR – style of writing,
sources, influences
 WORLD – culture, outlook,
language, material history
 READER – exposure, capacity,
limitations
STRUCTURE OF LITERARY EXPRESSIONS
 OBSERVABLE REALITIES
- literal situations
 FIGURATIVE DIMENSIONS
 elements conveying

further/hidden meanings
• TONE - the writer’s attitude
concerning
his/her materials
STRUCTURE OF LITERARY EXPRESSIONS
 CONFLICT – a complicating event or
situation;
upsets a given state of balance
humanity vs itself
humanity vs nature
humanity vs someone else
humanity vs society
(*humanity is used to avoid sexist language)
STRUCTURE OF LITERARY EXPRESSIONS
 RESOLUTION – a way of bridging conflict; a
proposal for solving problems; could be internal
or external; actual or symbolic; has obvious or
subtle consequences
 HUMAN AGENCY (characters) – the
power/capacity of human beings for an action;
physical, cognitive or affective; maybe deeply
personal but influenced by ideology; reflects
social values that are either popular or
unpopular; power to change the course of things
 MINI TASK NO. 1 (GROUP PRESENTATION)
AGREEMENT:
1. Each group must be able to present the STYLE OF
WRITING, at least 2 KNOWN WORKS AND WRITERS,
WRITERS’ INFLUENCES and MOTIVATIONS, popular
ISSUES/THEMES of the literature in the period aside to
them.
2. The presentation must contain the following:

A. DISCUSSION with POWER POINT OR

VIDEOPRESENTATION
of the above mentioned items.
B. Sharing with PPT of TWO LITERARY EXPRESSIONS/
WORKS published during the period being presented
C. GAMES/ACTIVITIES/ 10-item QUIZ that may
enrich/assess classmates understanding of what was
presented
TOPICS FOR GROUP PRESENTATION:
GROUP 1 - Pre-Spanish Literature of the
Philippines
GROUP 2 - Literature of the Pre-Christian
Tribes of the Philippines
GROUP 3 - Literature of the Philippines
during Spanish Colonization
GROUP 4 - Literature of Philippine
Revolution 1896
GROUP 5 - Literature of the Philippines in
the American Period